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关键词： Brain tumor segmentation   Multimodal MRI   Mamba   Hadamard product  

摘要： Brain tumor segmentation from multimodal magnetic resonance imaging is essential for computer-aided diagnosis and therapy formulation. There are still a number of obstacles in the accurate segmentation for the computer-assisted application. CNN-based encoder faces challenges in capturing long-range dependencies and lacks robustness when using skip connections, which leads to loss of details and affects segmentation accuracy. Transformer-based encoder can obtain global context, but it is limited by computational constraints when processing high-resolution medical images. To address these issues, we propose MHC-SegNet, a novel Mamba-Hadamard collaboration segmentation network that aims to more efficiently capture global patterns across modalities. We design a collaboration encoder-decoder with scale-aware Mamba encoder and triple-axis group Hadamard product to capture long-range dependencies and extract multi-perspective 3D spatial features with computationally efficient. In addition, scale-aware feature refinement layers are also proposed to represent and aggregate multi-scale information in the collaboration encoder, and a hierarchical fusion skip module is designed to address the loss of detail caused by vanilla skip connections. The proposed modules enable the network to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the input data, and accurately identify tumor features. Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves the best performance compared to recent state-of-the-art models in segmentation accuracy.

关键词： 肺炎,支原体   降钙素原   补体C3   补体C4   淋巴细胞亚群   塑型性支气管炎  

摘要： 目的 探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）、外周血补体C3、C4及淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞在难治性肺炎支原体肺炎（RMPP）并发塑型性支气管炎（PB）中的预测价值。方法 选取222例RMPP患儿，根据是否并发PB为PB组（51例）和非PB组（171例）。采用荧光免疫定量仪检测患儿入院时血清PCT水平，采用免疫比浊法检测补体C3、C4水平，采用流式细胞仪检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞比例。多因素Logistic回归分析RMPP患儿发生PB的影响因素；绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析指标的预测价值。结果 PB组PCT、CD8+T细胞比例高于非PB组，发热时间长于非PB组，补体C3、CD4+T细胞比例低于非PB组（P<0.05）。PCT、CD8+T细胞比例升高是RMPP患儿发生PB的危险因素，补体C3、CD4+T细胞比例升高是保护因素（P<0.05）。PCT、补体C3、CD4+T细胞比例、CD8+T细胞比例单独预测的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.763、0.802、0.788、0.802，联合预测的AUC为0.915，单独预测AUC均低于联合AUC（Z分别为3.199、2.825、3.112、2.514,P<0.05）。结论 PCT、补体C3、CD4+T、CD8+T细胞水平是RMPP患儿并发PB的影响因素，其联合检测有利于早期预测PB的发生。

关键词： Diabetic foot (DF)   Circular RNAs   hsa-HLA-DRB1   miRNA_12118   FLT-1  

摘要： We investigated the role and mechanism of hsa-HLA-DRB1 in the development and progression of diabetic foot ulcers. High-throughput sequencing was performed on three normal foot trauma tissues and diabetic foot ulcer tissues. The circRNAs with significant differences were identified. The downstream miRNAs were predicted by miRanda and RNAhybrid databases, and the mRNAs were predicted by the TargetScan database. Validation was performed with CCK8, flow cytometry, trabecular scratch assay, tubule generation assay, Western blot, dual luciferase assay, and RT-qPCR. High-throughput sequencing identified 461 significantly different circRNAs, of which 260 were up-regulated and 201 down-regulated. Compared to normal tissue, hsa-HLA-DRB1 was highly expressed in diabetic foot ulcers. The hsa-HLA-DRB1/miRNA_12118/FLT-1 axis was constructed. In vitro, we found that HLA-DRB1 overexpression inhibited cell viability, wound healing, and tubule formation, promoted apoptosis, and enhanced FLT-1 expression in HUVECs. The upregulation of hsa-HLA-DRB1 may promote diabetic foot development The upregulation of hsa - HLA - DRB1 may inhibit the biological function of endothelial cells by targeting miRNA_12118 and acting on FLT - 1. by targeting miRNA_12118 and acting on FLT-1. Therefore, our study highlights the key role of the hsa-HLA-DRB1/miRNA_12118/FLT-1 axis in diabetic foot trauma.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography   SARS-CoV-2   Ophthalmology   Inflammation   Hypoxia   Peripapillary vessel density  

摘要： BackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, which may also compromise the microcirculation within ocular tissues. This prospective study evaluated associations between radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD) and systemic treatment, age, hypoxia, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related ***-three individuals who were admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia underwent ophthalmic examination two months post-discharge. RPC VD was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Associations with age, arterial hypertension, and systemic treatment (dexamethasone, remdesivir, and oxygen therapy), oxygen saturation, D-dimer, and IL-6 levels were evaluated. The control group comprised 43 control participants with no history of COVID-19 who attended routine ophthalmic *** ophthalmic abnormalities were detected. RPC VD did not differ significantly with hypertension or systemic treatment with dexamethasone and remdesivir. However, patients receiving oxygen therapy had higher RPC VD. A borderline inverse correlation was observed between inferior RPC VD and age. There were no correlations between RPC VD and oxygen saturation. Significant inverse correlations were found between nasal RPC and mean RPC with D-dimer levels and between inferior RPC VD and IL-6 levels. No significant differences in RPC parameters were observed when comparing the COVID-19 group with *** or systemic treatment had no significant effect on RCP VD. However, VD in specific RPC areas correlated inversely with D-dimer and IL-6 levels, highlighting the need for monitoring peripapillary microvasculature for potential long-term ocular effects of COVID-19.

关键词： 膀胱癌   FBXL6   TNF-α   增殖   迁移   RNA-seq  

摘要： 目的：探讨FBXL6在膀胱癌中的作用，特别是其通过调控肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α信号通路对膀胱癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响，评估FBXL6作为膀胱癌潜在预后标志物的价值。方法：首先通过TCGA数据库分析了FBXL6在膀胱癌组织中的表达水平，并与临床预后数据进行了相关性分析。接着，采用小干扰RNA(siRNA)技术在5637细胞和T24细胞中敲低FBXL6表达，通过Western Blot(WB)和qRT-PCR验证其在蛋白质和mRNA水平的抑制效果。进一步通过MTT实验评估细胞增殖能力，并进行Transwell以及Wound healing实验评估细胞迁移能力。最后采用RNA测序（RNA-seq）分析FBXL6下游调控的分子通路，其中TNF-α信号通路最为显著，我们进一步选取其中关键蛋白，通过WB实验加以验证。结果：TCGA数据分析显示，FBXL6在膀胱癌组织中的表达显著高于正常膀胱组织，且其高表达与膀胱癌患者的不良预后密切相关。细胞实验结果表明，敲低FBXL6后，膀胱癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力显著降低，过表达FBXL6则升高。RNA-seq分析进一步揭示，FBXL6通过调控TNF-α信号通路，促进了膀胱癌的发生和进展。结论：本研究证明FBXL6在膀胱癌中的关键作用，特别是在促进细胞增殖和迁移方面。通过调节TNF-α信号通路，FBXL6可能促进膀胱癌的进展，提示FBXL6可能成为膀胱癌的预后标志物及潜在治疗靶点。

关键词： 柔嫩艾美耳球虫   GAM56   原核表达   多克隆抗体  

摘要： 为研究柔嫩艾美耳球虫GAM56蛋白的生物学功能，以柔嫩艾美耳球虫广东株配子体cDNA为模板，克隆该分离虫株的gam56基因编码序列。构建pET-B2M-GAM56截短表达载体，利用大肠杆菌表达系统通过IPTG诱导表达GAM56蛋白，纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠制备GAM56多克隆抗体。通过间接ELISA和Western blot分析抗体的效价和特异性；收集E. tenella(GD)配子体阶段样品，利用GAM56多克隆抗体进行免疫荧光检测以评价其应用效果。结果显示：相比E. tenella(Houghton)参考虫株，E. tenella(GD)的gam56基因存在末端部分片段的缺失，CDS序列1 077 bp，可编码358个氨基酸；预测蛋白大小41.3 kDa。GAM56保守区域截短原核表达蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。间接免疫荧光分析显示该抗体能够特异性识别配子体阶段的GAM56蛋白。该研究为进一步解析柔嫩艾美耳球虫广东株GAM56生物学功能提供了材料，为艾美耳球虫有性发育相关蛋白的功能研究与机制解析奠定基础。

关键词： Neuromyelitis optica   demyelinating diseases   genetic ancestry   immunogenetics  

摘要： Background: Internationally, specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles have been associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) risk. Objective: To establish the association between HLA class II alleles and NMOSD in a Colombian population, while considering genetic ancestry. Methods: A multicenter case-control study was conducted with NMOSD patients diagnosed with the 2015 Wingerchuk criteria. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles were identified using sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). Mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 was amplified, and haplogroups were determined with HaploGrep software. Genomic ancestry was assessed with ancestry-informative markers. Associations between HLA polymorphisms and NMOSD were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: In total, 82 patients with NMOSD (mean age 43.8 +/- 13.3 years;83% females) and 164 controls (mean age 36.4 +/- 11.5 years;85% females) were enrolled. Mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies were similar between groups. Ancestry analysis revealed distinct population structures. In multivariable logistic regression, the HLA-DQB1*04 allele was significantly associated with increased NMOSD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 3.16, confidence interval (CI): 1.58-6.34, p < 0.0023), while the HLA-DQB1*03 allele was associated with a protective effect (OR = 0.23, CI: 0.12-0.46, p < 0.0023). Conclusion: HLA-DQB1*04 allele may increase susceptibility to NMOSD, while DQB1*03 allele could exert a protective effect in our population.

关键词： Bipolar disorder   immune biomarkers   NACHT   IL-6   neuroinflammation   mood disorders   diagnostic markers  

摘要： This study examines immune markers-P2X7, NACHT, and IL-6-as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Among 120 participants (76 BD patients and 20 healthy controls), P2X7 levels were significantly elevated in BD patients both before (p = 0.001) and after treatment (p < 0.001), indicating strong diagnostic potential. NACHT levels also increased significantly after treatment (p = 0.007). Subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher P2X7 and NACHT levels in female BD patients compared to female controls (p < 0.001 for both). ROC curve analysis confirmed P2X7 as the most sensitive and specific marker for distinguishing BD from controls (p < 0.001), while NACHT showed predictive value after treatment (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis found significant associations between changes in P2X7 and NACHT levels and clinical improvement (p < 0.05). Despite limitations such as small sample size and potential medication effects, the findings support P2X7 and NACHT as promising biomarkers for BD diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The study contributes to the understanding of immune dysregulation in BD and suggests potential for immune-targeted therapies.

关键词： multiple sclerosis pathogenesis   blood   IL-6   IL-6 signaling   CD4 Tregs   CD8 Tregs  

摘要： Background: Peripheral immune cells participate in the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system diseases including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), which is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder. The association between IL-6 and RRMS pathogenesis is clear but there is some uncertainty about the role of IL-6 and IL-6 pathway components in blood and the molecular mechanisms through which T regulatorys (Tregs) contribute to MS pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify markers of IL-6 pathways in serum and regulatory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the blood of RRMS patients and to analyze their associations with multiple sclerosis, with each other, and with ***: Peripheral blood was collected from female RRMS patients (16), and healthy controls (18) recruited between December, 2019 and July, 2022. The serum levels of IL-6, TGF-beta 1, IL-6R alpha, IL-6/IL-6R alpha complex, and soluble glycoprotein-130 (sgp-130) were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the surface expression of IL-6R (CD126), membrane glycoprotein 130 (gp130, CD130), and phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) and pSTAT5 in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, CD8+CD25+FoxP3+, and CD8+CD122+ Tregs. Differences were compared using the Student's t-test or Welch's t-test. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to detect correlations. A p-value <= 0.05 was considered statistically ***: The CD8+CD122+ Treg subset in RRMS patients exhibited an increased level of surface CD126 and CD130 associated with classical IL-6R signaling without STAT3 phosphorylation. For CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs, no changes in classical IL-6R surface markers were observed in RRMS, but there was an increased percentage of pSTAT3 in these cells. Age-related changes in pSTAT5 expression across Treg subsets in healthy controls were absent in RRMS ***: Our findings underscore the complex interplay between IL-6 signaling and Tregs as well as age-related imm

关键词： COVID-19   pneumonia   proinflammatory cytokines  

摘要： BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Proinflammatory cytokines have been associated with poor prognosis in community-acquired and COVID-19 pneumonia. There is a paucity of reports on the cytokine release syndrome, also called cytokine storm in the Mexican population with pneumonia and COVID-19; therefore, our objective was to compare proinflammatory cytokine levels in Mexican patients without COVID-19 (non-COVID-19) and those with moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS:This study included 30 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia and 57 with COVID-19 pneumonia. Disease diagnosis and severity were determined using the radiographic pulmonary edema assessment (RALE) score. Quantification of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α was performed using multiplex immunoassays. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to classify subjects with elevated cytokine levels. Logistic regression was used to find associations between elevated cytokine levels and the presence of COVID-19 pneumonia. RESULTS:The severity classification of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was as follows: moderate (n = 20), severe (n = 19), and critical (n = 18). The proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients ( < 0.005), while TNF-α levels were lower in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. High levels of IL-6 and IL-10, adjusted for age, sex, the presence of comorbidities, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), showed an elevated risk (OR IL-6 = 4.02; OR IL-10 = 9.36) of presenting pneumonia and COVID-19 compared to pneumonia without COVID-19 in patients. Likewise, 61% of COVID-19 patients with elevated proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) had a fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS:Elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-10 are a differential risk factor for developing COVID-19 pneumonia. These elevated levels were more frequently observed in Mexican COVID-19 pneumonia patients who died at the onset of the CO