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关键词： Vaccination   Measles   Coverage   Mandatory  

摘要： Introduction. Measles is a highly contagious disease, but it is preventable through vaccination. Despite the availability of measles vaccines, outbreaks continue to occur, due to factors such as vaccine hesitancy. In Italy, measles vaccination has been mandatory since 2017. Methods. This study analyses vaccination coverage trends to assess the impact of this mandatory vaccination policy at regionjqal, national, and European Union levels. Results. Results show a significant increase in measles vaccination coverage within Italy following implementation of the mandate, both at the national (+5,2%) and regional levels. However, the comparison of European countries with and without mandatory vaccination policies did not reveal statistically significant differences in coverage. Conclusion. This suggests that while mandatory vaccination can improve coverage within a nation, additional strategies may be needed to address vaccine hesitancy and achieve herd immunity across broader geographical areas.

关键词： cloning   genomic sequence   HLA-A*02:446   long-range PCR   sanger sequencing  

摘要： The fully characterised sequence of HLA-A*02:446 covers the 5 ' and 3 ' untranslated regions, all exons and introns.

关键词： HLA-B   NGS   novel allele   Russian  

摘要： Seven novel HLA-B alleles were detected during the routine HLA typing process.

摘要： The dura sinus-resident immune cells can influence the process of central neural system (CNS) diseases by communicating with central nerve cells. In clinical, Tregs are also frequently impaired in depression. However, the significance of this relationship remains unknown. In the present study, we found a significant increase in dural Treg populations in mouse models of depression, whereas depleting them by neutralizing antibodies injection could exacerbate depressive phenotypes. Through RNA sequencing, we identified that the antidepressant effects of dural Tregs are at least in part through the production of amphiregulin, increasing the expression of its receptor EGFR in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, dural Tregs expressed high levels of ST2, and their expansion in depressed mice depended on astrocyte-derived IL33 secretion. Our study shows that dural Treg signaling can be enhanced by treatment with fluoxetine, highlighting that dural Tregs can be utilized as a potential target cell in major depressive disorder (MDD).

关键词： HLA-DQB1*04:95   next-generation sequencing   novel allele  

摘要： HLA-DQB1*04:95 shows one single-nucleotide substitution at position 431 A>G in Exon 3 compared with HLA-DQB1*04:01:01:01.

关键词： HLA-B*55:141   next-generation sequencing   novel allele  

摘要： HLA-B*55:141 differs from HLA-B*55:08 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 363 G>C in exon 3.

关键词： Antibody   Coinfection   Epitope   Eplet   Immunogenic   Polyreactive   Superinfection  

摘要： Chronic rejection remains an obstacle to long-term allograft survival. Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) play a significant role in causing chronic antibody-mediated allograft rejection. Exposure to mismatched HLA antigens via transfusion, pregnancy, or transplanted tissue has been described in the literature as an immunogenic stimulus of anti-HLA antibodies. Yet anti-HLA antibodies also develop in the absence of traditional sensitization events and molecular mimicry has been postulated as a stimulus for these naturally occurring alloantibodies. While heterologous reactivity has been documented between virus components and allogeneic T cells, there is insufficient evidence to support the development of anti-HLA antibodies from viral components. We hypothesized that anti-HLA antibodies may develop following viral coinfection or superinfection. The objectives of this investigation included: 1) developing an in-silico algorithm to identify viral peptide components that exhibit HLA-specific homology, and 2) identifying cellular changes that take place during ischemia/reperfusion injury which could facilitate the generation of novel anti-HLA antibodies from viral sources. We developed the neoepitope transplant rejection and autoimmune disease (NETRAD) algorithm to identify amino acid sequence homology between viral envelope proteins and HLA. The algorithm integrates post-translational protein modifications that are consistent with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Seventy-two HLA-specific epitopes were demarcated as examples using this approach. In conclusion, we present in-silico evidence which supports the identification of anti-HLA antibodies as a subset of polyreactive antibodies generated from stress-modified viral envelope proteins. Remarkably, each targeted HLA epitope associated with a distinct anti-HLA antibody could be consistently attributed to a major envelope glycoprotein component of Epstein Barr virus. Transplant Immunology manuscript # TRIM-D-24-00351.

摘要： We read with great interest the letter from Drs. Tahir and Abrar [ 1] in response to our retrospective study assessing the impact of anti-TNF therapy on pregnancy, breastfeeding, and live vaccines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ...