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关键词： Randomized controlled trial   biological DMARD  

关键词： HLA-A*24:642   NGS   novel allele  

摘要： HLA-A*24:642 differs from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 76 T>C in exon 2.

关键词： interleukin-5   hypersensitivity syndrome, drug-induced  

关键词： Nanobody   VHH   bi-specific   TNF   albumin  

摘要： This review summarizes the recent advancement of fragmented immunoglobulin molecules targeting on Tumot Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha and highlighted the nanobody, which is the first approved product for the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ozoralizumab (OZR). Background for the clinical development, pharmakokinetics, and clinical trial data for OZR were shown. It has been approved in Japan in 2022 and marked as the fixth products of TNF inhibitors for RA in Japan. The similarities and differences among these products are discussed in this review.

关键词： Rib fractures   inflammation   acute lung injury   acute kidney injury   IL2Ra  

摘要： BACKGROUNDRib fractures compromise approximately 40% of all fractures in the United States. Despite their prevalence, the relationship between rib fractures, solid organ injuries, and immune responses remains poorly understood. This exploratory study investigates the immunological profile associated with pulmonary and renal complications in rib fracture patients using data from our Surgical Critical Care Initiative Clinical Data Repository. The aim is to correlate distinct cytokine/chemokine profiles with high-energy rib fracture patterns, such as first rib fracture, and associated complications, potentially providing predictive biomarkers for patient outcomes. METHODSClinical and demographic data on patients with rib fractures were extracted from Surgical Critical Care Initiative Clinical Data Repository. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of complications. A comprehensive panel of 46 inflammation and tissue repair biomarkers was measured using the Meso Scale Discovery platforms. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the cytokine data. Statistical and machine learning models assessed the association between biomarker patterns, rib fracture localization, and complications. Logistic regression models with high discriminative performance were developed for first rib fractures (high energy transfer), lung injury, and pneumonia. RESULTSAmong 150 rib fracture patients, 73 had complications. Cytokine analysis revealed two distinct clusters: Cluster 1, associated with pro-inflammatory responses and tissue repair, and Cluster 2, linked with anti-inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, and immunometabolism. Predictive models demonstrated strong validity (area under the curve, >0.90) and identified key variables such as the cytokine IL2Ra, significantly associated with acute kidney injury, acute lung injury, and pulmonary complications post-rib fractures, particularly first rib fractures. CONCLUSIONIL2Ra release is signifi

关键词： Targeted synthetic drugs   Biomarkers   biological DMARD   Atherosclerosis   Comorbidities