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关键词： HRSV   Interleukin 33 (IL-33)   Rapid diagnosis test   Over-the-counter (OTC)   Point-of-care (POC)   Immunochromatographic strip (ICS) immunochromatography   Respiratory tract infection   Nasopharyngeal swab  

摘要： Purpose The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease in children under 5 years of age. hRSV infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and represents a substantial economic burden for public health systems worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective patient management, but current diagnostic tools, such as RT-qPCR, require specialized equipment and personnel. Further, currently available methods do not provide information regarding the prognosis of the disease caused by hRSV. Given this scenario, we aimed at generating and pre-validating a new rapid diagnosis test based on an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) to be used as a point-of-care (POC) test capable of simultaneously detecting the phosphoprotein P of hRSV (P-hRSV) and a biomarker of disease severity, interleukin-33 (IL-33) in nasal swabs. Methods Monoclonal antibodies against P-hRSV and IL-33 were produced and incorporated into an ICS. The 20-min rapid diagnostic test was evaluated and validated with recombinant proteins, virus-infected cells, viral dilutions, and hRSV-positive and negative clinical samples. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Results The ICS detected 103 pg of P-hRSV and as low as 187 PFUs of hRSV. Regarding recombinant IL-33, the ICS detected as low as 780 pg. The test strip exhibited high specificity, distinguishing hRSV from other respiratory viruses, including influenza and human metapneumovirus. Additionally, IL-33 was detected in some non-RSV infections. Conclusions The data obtained supports the feasibility of a combined rapid test detecting simultaneously hRSV and IL-33, which can be useful as a POC test for screening severe cases of hRSV in primary care settings and emergency rooms.

关键词： Autoantibodies   Epitranscriptomics   epigenetics   and genetics   Adaptive immunity   Disease-modifying Drugs (DMARDs)   biological DMARD  

关键词： HLA   HLA-DQB1*05:356   novel allele   sequencing-based typing  

摘要： HLA-DQB1*05:356 differs from HLA-DQB1*05:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 14 in exon 2.

关键词： Prognostic factors   Remission   Disease-modifying Drugs (DMARDs)  

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma   IL-22   liver fibrosis   liver regeneration   viral hepatitis  

摘要： Interleukin-22 (IL-22), a cytokine from the IL-10 family produced by T cells and innate lymphoid cells, plays a crucial role in immune responses and tissue regeneration. Its association with liver disease has garnered significant attention;however, its exact impact remains controversial. This review aims to enhance the current understanding of the dual role of IL-22 in liver disease by exploring its protective and pathogenic effects. First, we provide an overview of IL-22 biology, including its source, receptors, and signaling pathways. Subsequently, we offer a comprehensive overview of the dual function of IL-22 in non-neoplastic liver disease, emphasizing its antiapoptotic and regenerative properties. We also discuss the applicability of the conclusions drawn from studies on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Furthermore, we elaborate on the intricate role of IL-22 in hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly its influence on the tumor microenvironment, proliferation, and immune evasion. In conclusion, IL-22 is paradoxical in liver disease, acting as a friend and foe. It is imperative to understand this paradox to develop targeted therapies that capitalize on the beneficial effects of IL-22 while mitigating its detrimental effects.

关键词： biologics   eosinophils   rhinosinusitis  

摘要： Background: Type 2 inflammation dominates eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) and adult onset asthma. IL-4, -5, and -13 are prominent disease mediators. Disease control can be achieved with biologic therapies. However, despite some patients entering remission, others experience poor control. Aim: We aimed to describe eCRS patients treated with anti-IL-5R antibody (benralizumab) and assess characteristics between responders and those requiring class switching to anti-IL-4/13R (dupilumab). Method: A retrospective cohort study was performed on consecutive adult patients with eCRS and asthma who had commenced benralizumab. Disease control was defined as controlled or poorly controlled (EPOS2020 partly control/uncontrolled). Poorly controlled patients were switched to dupilumab. Baseline and post-IL-5R characteristics including age, sex, 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score, and serum/tissue eosinophilia were assessed. Disease control post-class switching was reassessed. Factors predicting poorly controlled disease on anti-IL-5R therapy were sought. Results: Fifty patients were assessed (51.44 +/- 12.73 years, 56% female). Poorly controlled disease on anti-IL-5R requiring class switch to dupilumab was seen in 42%. Poorly controlled patients were younger (46.14 +/- 10.76 vs. 55.28 +/- 12.83 years, p = 0.01) with higher baseline SNOT-22 (61.42 +/- 19.19 vs. 42.32 +/- 21.55, p < 0.01). Baseline ACQ scores and eosinophil count (0.78 +/- 0.49 vs. 0.62 +/- 0.34 x 10(9 )cells/L, p = 0.23) and were similar between groups. In the poorly controlled patients on anti-IL-5R therapy, eosinophilia had reduced in both serum (0.78 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.02 +/- 0.1 x 10(9 ) cells/L, p < 0.01) and tissue (>100 cells/HPF: 100% vs. 29%, p = 0.01). Class switching resulted in disease control for 65%. Conclusion: Neither eosinophilia nor its reduction predicted a non-responder group to anti-IL-5R therapy. While the eosinophil population may be a good

关键词： Safety   Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals   biological DMARD   Systematic review  

关键词： Cognitive Function and Mental Health   Observational studies/registry   biological DMARD  

关键词： HLA-C*01:257N   next-generation sequencing   novel allele  

摘要： HLA-C*01:257N differs from the HLA-C*01:02:01:01 allele by one nucleotide substitution in exon 4.

关键词： Bone   Cytokines   Chemokines   Real-world evidence   Targeted synthetic drugs   Imaging