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关键词： Microfluidics  

摘要： A multifunctional microfluidic chip integrated with perfusion cell culture and in situ SERS detection of cell secretion was designed and developed for the detection of IL-6 secretion from LPS-stimulation of A549 cells in this paper. Researching works were focused on A549 cell activity and secretion in the constructed LPS-stimulated A549 cells model. On the designed microchip, a bubble trap chamber was designed to remove the bubbles in the culture medium which could also be simultaneously preheated by a split hot plate. Then, a long-time perfusion culture process of 549 cells could be realized. Under the optimized conditions the A549 cells could be cultured and kept in good activity for more than 36 h. Subsequently, the model of interaction between LPS and A549 cells was established on the designed microchip. When LPS-stimulated A549 cells, the IL-6 which was one of the secretions formed in this process was detected quantitatively by SERS spectral technique. The silver-coated gold nano-stars were prepared and taken as a sensitive enhancing probe for the SERS detection of IL-6 secreted from LPS-stimulated A549 cells. The immunomagnetic beads, IL-6 antigen, and SERS probes were mixed and incubated in the microchip and form a sandwich structure which was captured by the permanent magnet in the detection zone for SERS detection. The reference material of IL-6 was used to establish the calibration curve, and the linear range and detection limit were 1–10000 pg/mL and 0.75 pg/mL, respectively. Then, the IL-6 secretion from LPS-stimulated A549 cells was detected hourly for 7 h by this established method. The process of LPS stimulation of A594 cells did not lead to a sustained increase in the SERS spectral signature of IL-6. Instead, IL6 secretion initially increased sharply, then decreased and eventually stabilized. It could be due to a potential mechanism that the cells self-regulated to mitigate the inflammatory effects in response to sustained stimulation. The proposed m

关键词： Biomimetic mineralization   Non-collagenous proteins   Monetite   Macrophages   Interleukin-27   Osteoimmunomodulation  

摘要： Traumatic defects or non-union fractures presents a substantial challenge in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although synthetic calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (CaPs) such as dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrate (DCPA) are commonly employed for bone repair, their inadequate cellular immune responses significantly impede sustained degradation and optimal osteogenesis. In this study, drawing inspiration from the key structure of an acidic non-collagenous protein-CaP complex (ANCPs-CaP) essential for natural bone formation, we prepared biomimetic mineralized dibasic calcium phosphate (MDCPA). This preparation utilized plant-derived non-collagenous protein Zein as the organic template and acidic artificial saliva as the mineralization medium. Physicochemical property analysis revealed that MDCPA is a complex of Zein and DCPA, which mimics the composite of the natural ANCP-CaP. Moreover, MDCPA exhibited enhanced biodegradability and osteogenic potential. Mechanistic insight revealed that MDCPA can be phagocytized and degraded by macrophages via the FC gamma RIII receptor, leading to the release of interleukin 27 (IL-27), which promotes osteogenic differentiation by osteoimmunomodulation. The critical role of IL-27 in osteogenesis is further confirmed using IL-27 gene knockout mice. Additionally, MDCPA demonstrates effective healing of critical-sized defects in rat cranial bones within only 4 w, providing a promising basis and valuable insights for critical-sized bone defects regeneration.

关键词： Engineered bacteria   IL-15 & 15R alpha   VNP20009   Bladder cancer  

摘要： Surgical resection combined with intravesical instillation of chemotherapeutics or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to remove residual cancer cells is the gold standard for the clinical treatment of patients with bladder cancer. In a recent clinical trial, a new super-agonist complex of IL-15- N803, has shown promising results when used in combination with BCG to treat patients with bladder cancer who do not respond to BCG. Herein, we used temperature-controlled pBV220 plasmid encoding Interleukin-15 and its receptor alpha subunit (IL-15 & 15R alpha) to transform VNP20009, an attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain, obtaining engineered bacteria named 15 & 15R alpha@VNP. After induction at 42 degrees C, 15 & 15R alpha@VNP can secrete functional IL-15 & 15R alpha stably. It was found that intravesical instillation of thermally activated 15 & 15R alpha@VNP could inhibit the growth of bladder tumors if used alone. Moreover, the sequential intravesical instillation of epirubicin (EPI), a first-line bladder cancer drug, followed by thermally activated 15 & 15R alpha@VNP, could achieve further improved therapeutic responses, without causing significant side effects. Therefore, this study shows that 15 & 15R alpha@VNP can be effectively used in the treatment of bladder cancer and can be used as a complementary therapy to chemotherapy agents, promising for potential clinical translation in bladder cancer treatment.

摘要： AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation is a well-recognized contributor to hypertension pathogenesis. However, the role of targeting inflammation in hypertension treatment, particularly through modulation of inflammatory markers like interleukin-6 (IL-6), remains less understood. We investigated the effects of antihypertensive medications with and without IL-6-lowering properties on long-term blood pressure (BP) control in a multi-ethnic cohort in the Netherlands. MethodsParticipants from HELIUS cohort receiving hypertension treatment were followed over six years. BP control at follow-up was determined using WHO criteria. Due to unavailability of IL-6 data, a literature review was conducted to classify antihypertensives based on their IL-6-lowering properties — a proxy approach. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between the IL-6-lowering potential of antihypertensives and BP control, both within and between antihypertensive classes. Effect modification by ethnicity was explored. ResultsA total of 1510 participants were included (mean age 57 years, 62 % women). Within the calcium channel blocker (CCB) class, medications with IL-6-lowering properties (amlodipine and barnidipine) were associated with superior BP control (aOR 1.41, 95 % confidence interval 1.05–1.90) compared to other CCBs (lercanidipine, nifedipine, verapamil, clevidipine, diltiazem). No significant associations were observed within angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), between different antihypertensive drug classes, nor across ethnic groups. ConclusionAmlodipine and barnidipine were associated with better BP control compared to other CCBs. Our findings provide an important starting point for understanding the role of IL-6 in hypertension management. Further studies are warranted to confirm these observations by directly measuring IL-6 levels and investigating underlying mechanisms.

关键词： 骨关节炎   退行性骨关节病   蛋白质   细胞因子   信号转导通路   靶向治疗   炎症   软骨修复   小分子药物   综述  

摘要： 背景:骨关节炎的病理生理过程中存在多种蛋白、信号通路及炎症递质等的参与,开发针对这些蛋白、信号通路及炎症递质等的小分子药物,可有效延缓骨关节炎的进展并改善其临床表现。目的:基于骨关节炎的发病机制,对小分子药物治疗骨关节炎的研究进展作一综述。方法:检索PubMed、中国知网和万方数据库,英文检索词为“osteoarthritis,arthritis,osteoarthrosis,degenerative,arthritides,deformans,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors,small molecule agents”,中文检索词为“骨关节炎,小分子药物,小分子抑制剂”,按纳入和排除标准共纳入68篇文献进行总结。结果与结论:①目前对于骨关节炎发病机制的研究尚不明确,骨关节炎的发生发展与蛋白质、细胞因子及信号转导通路的关系较为密切,因此其治疗机制较为复杂,当前通过小分子药物靶向骨关节炎相关的蛋白质、细胞因子及信号转导通路成为一大研究热点。②小分子药物通常具有明确的细胞内或细胞外靶点和疗效,包括增强软骨修复、抑制关节退化、减轻炎症和缓解疼痛,另外一些抗骨关节炎的小分子药物在促进干细胞软骨分化和软骨基质重建方面显示出前景。③目前对于小分子药物靶向骨关节炎的病理生理过程从而延缓骨关节炎的进展,还处于实验性阶段,但这些小分子药物在实验过程中大部分都表现出预期的结果,目前并无相关研究说明小分子药物治疗骨关节炎的疗效。④小分子药物治疗骨关节炎在基础实验阶段已经达到了预期的实验结果,大量研究表明,小分子药物可以靶向抑制引起骨关节炎的特定蛋白质、细胞因子及信号转导通路,从而治疗骨关节炎,但其安全性和有效性等问题还需要进一步的基础和临床研究进行验证,这一过程需要更多的学者进行探索和研究。⑤目前国内外有许多学者针对骨关节炎的治疗做出了贡献,比起传统治疗方式而言,小分子药物在基础实验阶段表现出更好的疗效和安全性,有望成为未来骨关节炎治疗的新兴方法,为骨关节炎患者摆脱痛苦。

关键词： 骨质疏松   骨密度   炎症细胞因子   孟德尔随机化   因果关系  

摘要： 背景:最近许多研究表明,炎症细胞因子与骨质疏松症和骨密度之间存在密切关系,然而炎症细胞因子与骨密度之间的因果关系尚未完全揭示。目的:采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法探究炎症细胞因子与骨密度之间潜在的因果关系。方法:从全基因组关联研究(GWAS)公开数据库中筛选出与41种循环炎症细胞因子相关的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量。骨密度的GWAS汇总数据来自骨质疏松症遗传因素联盟(GEFOS),共涉及32735名欧洲血统的个体。逆方差加权法作为主要的分析方法来评估因果效应,加权中位数法、MR Egger回归法、简单中位数法和加权中值方法用于补充说明。利用MR-Egger Intercept和MR-PRESSO分析方法进行多效性检验,采用Cochran’s Q检验结果是否存在异质性,同时使用留一法评估结果的稳定性。另外,为了更准确地评估因果关系,采用Bonferroni校正来确定与骨密度有强因果关系的炎症细胞因子。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法分析结果显示,白细胞介素8与腰椎骨密度之间呈正向因果关系(β=0.075,95%CI:0.033-0.117,P=0.0005),白细胞介素17与腰椎骨密度之间呈负向因果关系(β=-0.083,95%CI:-0.152至-0.014,P=0.018),肿瘤坏死因子b与股骨颈骨密度之间可能存在负向因果效应(β=-0.053,95%CI:-0.088至-0.018,P=0.003),碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与股骨颈骨密度之间可能存在正向因果关系(β=0.085,95%CI:0.016-0.154,P=0.015),巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1a与全身骨密度之间可能存在负向因果效应(β=-0.056,95%CI:-0.105至-0.007,P=0.025),白细胞介素5、基质衍生因子1a、肝细胞生长因子、白细胞介素4与足跟骨密度之间存在负向因果效应(β=-0.019,95%CI:-0.031至-0.006,P=0.004;β=-0.022,95%CI:-0.038至-0.005,P=0.010;β=-0.021,95%CI:-0.041至-0.002,P=0.030;β=-0.016,95%CI:-0.032至-0.001,P=0.034),神经生长因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子与足跟骨密度之间存在正向因果关系(β=0.019,95%CI:0.002-0.036,P=0.033;β=0.011,95%CI:0.000-0.022,P=0.050);经Bonferroni校正后发现,白细胞介素8与腰椎骨密度之间有强正向因果效应(P=0.0005)。MR Egger法、加权中位数法、简单中位数法和加权中值法分析结果方向一致。②敏感性分析结果显示,循环炎症细胞因子对骨密度的因果效应没有异质性、多效性或异常值。

关键词： Extracellular vesicles   IAV   Lactobacillus reuteri   Inflammation   IL-17  

摘要： The influenza A virus (IAV) damages intestinal mucosal tissues beyond the respiratory tract. Probiotics play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and stability of the intestinal microecosystem. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics have emerged as potential mediators of host immune response and anti-inflammatory effect. However, the specific anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics-derived EVs on IAV remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri EHA2-derived EVs (LrEVs) in a mouse model of IAV infection. Oral LrEVs were distributed in the liver, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. In mice infected with IAV, oral LrEVs administration alleviated IAV-induced damages in the lungs and intestines, modified the microbiota compositions, and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids in those organs. Mechanistically, LrEVs exerted their protective effects against IAV infection by blunting the proinflammatory IL-17 signaling. Furthermore, FISH analysis detected miR-4239, one of the most abundant miRNAs in LrEVs, in both lung and intestinal tissues. We confirmed that miR-4239 directly targets IL-17a. Our findings paved the ground for future application of LrEVs in influenza treatment and offered new mechanistic insights regarding the anti-inflammatory role of miR-4239.

关键词： Obstructive sleep apnea   Lung transplantation   Serum markers   ELISA  

摘要： PurposeTo analyze the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, interleukin (IL)-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in patients complicated with OSA after lung transplantation. To identify serum markers of OSA after lung transplantation. MethodsWe retrospectively selected patients who planned to undergo lung transplantation between 2018 and 2020, including 25 without OSA before lung transplantation (group A), 20 with OSA after lung transplantation (group B), and 15 patients without OSA after lung transplantation (group C). Sleep monitoring was performed, general information collection and hematological samples were collected. HIF-1, IL-6 and iNOS were detected by ELISA. ResultsGroup B were older [59.2 +/- 10.1 (B) vs. 49.8 +/- 15.1 (A), 58.2 +/- 3.3 (C), yrs.], had a bigger neck circumference [38.1 +/- 4.7 (B) vs. 34.6 +/- 4.2 (A),35.7 +/- 4.2 (C), cm], and a greater abdominal circumference [88.2 +/- 12.5 (B) vs. 76.2 +/- 7.9 (A), 82.5 +/- 6.5 (C), cm] compared with Groups A and C (P < 0.05). iNOS in group B (4784.8 +/- 1365.2 (B) vs. 1925.2 +/- 1868.5 (A), 2838.7 +/- 3015.5 (C), pg/mL) was significantly increased compared to groups A and C (P < 0.05). iNOS was positively correlated with AHI. ConclusionsiNOS is significantly increased in OSA after lung transplantation, and maybe an important indicator of OSA.

关键词： LCN2   IL-6   Traumatic brain injury   Neuroinflammation   Biomarker  

摘要： Clinical biomarkers are crucial for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we performed an unbiased analysis of plasma proteins in acute TBI patients using bead-based multiplex assays and identified a strong positive correlation between LCN2 and IL-6 levels. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that LCN2 and IL-6 are closely related circulating biomarkers for TBI. Our previous and current studies demonstrate that the expression of LCN2, IL-6, and its receptors is upregulated in patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy, in mouse models of traumatic and ischemic injury, and in an in vitro scratch injury model. Lcn2-deficiency reduced the injury-induced expression of IL-6 and its receptors in both animal and scratch injury models. These results suggest an augmented LCN2-dependent IL-6 signaling in the injured brain. As both LCN2 and IL-6 are secreted proinflammatory mediators, we further explored the possibility of cross-regulation between LCN2 and IL-6. In cultured glial cells, treatment with recombinant LCN2 protein enhanced the microglial expression of IL-6, while IL-6 protein treatment increased astrocytic LCN2 expression. Moreover, IL-6 expression and release were elevated in LCN2-overexpressing transgenic mice. Mechanistically, IL-6 enhanced astrocytic LCN2 expression through STAT3 signaling, while LCN2 upregulated microglial IL-6 expression through the NF-kappa B pathway. Taken together, our results suggest an important role of the LCN2-IL6 axis in amplifying neuroinflammation through a positive feedback loop in secondary brain injury conditions. Finally, this study implies the utility of LCN2 and IL-6 as closely related biomarkers for TBI diagnosis and prognosis.

关键词： DEHP   Testes   Integrative transcriptome and metabolome analysis   TNF-alpha   Apoptosis  

摘要： Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure has been associated with male reproductive damage, but the mechanisms involved remain incompletely defined. This study aims to investigate the effects of DEHP exposure on the testes of prepubertal rats through an integrative analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics, combined with molecular experiments. DEHP exposure resulted in decreased testis weight and increased oxidative stress level in the testis tissues of prepubertal male rats. Moreover, our findings showed a disordered testis structure, reduced spermatogenic and Sertoli cells as well as destruction of mitochondria structure in the testis tissues of DEHP-treated prepubertal male rats. Transcriptome function analysis together with metabolome function analysis indicated that spermatogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory, lipid metabolism as well as DNA repair signaling pathway were enriched in the testis of DEHP-treated prepubertal male rats. The integrative omics analysis further suggested that TNF-alpha induced apoptosis played a crucial role in mediating the detrimental effects of DEHP exposure on the testis of prepubertal rats, which was validated by ELISA, Western blotting and Tunel assays. Validation experiments conducted in vitro using GC-2 cells corroborated these findings, demonstrating that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the main active metabolite of DEHP, significantly inhibits cell proliferation and increases apoptosis via activating the TNF-alpha apoptosis pathway. Overall, these findings provided a novel mechanism of dysregulated spermatogenesis of DEHP exposure on the testes of prepubertal rats.