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关键词： AI   Ethical use   Education   Pedagogy   Research work   Teacher awareness   Technology integration  

摘要： This study aims to evaluate the role of AI as an educational tool from an ethical and pedagogical perspective as it delves into the perceptions of the teaching community whose resistance to technology integration into conventionally managed classrooms has been well established in a large number of studies. The study uses a mixed methods design to gather data from 50 English, Translation, and Linguistics faculty members at Ha'il University whose collective and individual views on the ethical and pedagogical issues are analyzed using a questionnaire and individual interviews. Results indicate an overall high perception (M = 3.49, Std = 0.808) among the teachers towards the ethical use of AI in their teaching experience and (M = 3.84, Std = 0.833), on the pedagogical implications of AI in the learning process. Findings also indicate that educators are aware of solutions to ensure maintenance of ethics with inclusion of AI in teaching, including training students on the use of AI, regulating the learning environment, using AI-based plagiarism detector and reformulating the assessment systems. They also report pedagogical considerations that help in the integration of AI tools in the EFL classroom. The study concludes with recommending that both EFL instructors and students be aware about the ways and need to ensure safer use of AI in the learning process.

关键词： Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis   virus   Coronavirus   Astrocyte   Interferon beta   Encephalomyelitis  

摘要： Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHE), caused by a betacoronavirus named porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), is a highly fatal disease of pigs characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis. Activation of astrocytes is a hallmark of viral encephalomyelitis;however, the mechanism of PHEVinduced astrocyte activation is currently unknown. Based on mouse model, we show that PHEV infection led to astrogliosis in mouse brain and brain slice cultures (BSCs), as indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). PHEV can neither infect nor activate primary astrocytes in vitro, indicating that activation of astrocytes maybe mediated by factors secreted from viral infected neurons but not by direct viral infection of astrocytes. PHEV infection results in increased interferon (IFN) response in later stage, we thereafter focused on whether IFN-(3 can activate astrocytes after PHEV infection similar to other neurotropic viruses. IFN-(3 treatment resulted in both the upregulation of GFAP and activation-associated cytokines/chemokines in mouse primary astrocytes. Furthermore, the addition of IFN-(3 neutralization antibody prevented PHEV-infected mouse brain tissue homogenate from activating astrocytes. Taken together, IFN-(3 triggers the activation of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) following PHEV infection. Further understanding of the role of activated astrocytes during PHEV infection may provide new insights for treatment this disease.

关键词： Computer vision syndrome   Dry eye disease   Reading   Glare  

摘要： Purpose. - This study examines the impact of dry eye on screen reading, with an emphasis on glare and visual comfort for patients. Population and methods. - We recruited ten patients with dry eye and nine healthy controls. Clinical signs of dry eye were quantified to determine the quality of the tear film and corneal aberrations. Questionnaires related to quality of life and light sensitivity were administered. All participants underwent a screen reading test under five different levels of brightness Results. - Patients with dry eye presented with more significant ocular inflammation (Oxford score) and reduced tear breakup time (BUT;DED: 4.1 s, CO: 11.8 s;W = 90, P < 0.001) compared to the control population. Patients also exhibited impaired quality of life (OSDI score: CO: 15.044 +/- 9.16, DED: 38.150 +/- 18.66, P = 0.004) and increased light sensitivity (Glare test: CO: 96.56 +/- 65.5 ***, DED: 204.1 +/- 82.5 ***, W = 15, P = 0.013;VLSQ score: CO: 16.44 +/- 4.85, DED: 22.0 +/- 6.34, P = 0.049). Reading tests did not show a significant difference between the groups (CO: 155 +/- 23.3 words/min and DED: 149 +/- 28.0, F = 1.935, P = 0.169). Brightness did not influence reading speed (F = 1.308, P-value = 0.275). A correlation was observed between reading speed and the OSDI quality of life questionnaire (R = - 0.7, P = 0.043). Conclusion. - Although screen brightness did not have a significant impact on reading speed, glare proved to be a major issue for patients with dry eye. The associations between clinical manifestations of dry eye and reading performance emphasize the importance of comprehensive management of this condition. The results suggest that dry eye can influence both quality of life and screen reading, highlighting the need for dedicated approaches to improve the visual comfort of patients. (c) 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Latent TB screening   TB Reactivation   Anti-TNF therapy   Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)  

关键词： cancer therapy   Css DNA   gene delivery   IL-12   lipid nanoparticles   tumor recurrence  

摘要： Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a critical cytokine with notable anticancer properties, including enhancing T-cell-mediated cancer cell killing, and curbing tumor angiogenesis. To date, many approaches are evaluated to achieve in situ overexpression of IL-12, minimizing leakage and the ensuing toxicity. Here, it is focused on circular single-stranded DNA (Css DNA), a type of DNA characterized by its unique structure, which could be expressed in mammals. It is discovered that Css DNA can induce sustained luciferase expression for half a year by intramuscular injection and showed effective antitumor results by intratumoral injection. Motivated by these findings, a folate-modified LNP system is now developed for the delivery of Css DNA expressing IL-12 for the therapy of 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This delivery system effectively activates anti-cancer immune responses, slows tumor growth, significantly prolongs survival in animal models, and prevents tumor recurrence. After 6 months of long-term observation, the elevated level of IL-12 is still detectable in the lymph nodes and serum of the cured mice. This study highlights the long-term sustained expression capacity of Css DNA and its ability to inhibit recurrence, and the potential of tumor-targeted LNPs for Css DNA-based cancer therapy, providing a new insight into gene overexpression strategy. Unlock the potential of circular single-stranded DNA (Css DNA) as a novel agent for sustained Interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression, offering a novel strategy for gene therapy. This study reveals the potent anticancer effects of Css DNA in inducing sustained, in situ responses against triple-negative breast cancer, with a folate-modified nanoparticle system enhancing IL-12 delivery to boost immune responses and prevent tumor recurrence. image

关键词： Diet   Malnutrition   Parasitic diseases   Spleen   Mouse models   Parasite replication   Granulomas   Leishmaniasis  

摘要： Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a risk factor for developing visceral leishmaniasis (VL). While nutrient deficiency can impair immunity, its mechanistic impact on protective adaptive immune responses following Leishmania infection remains unknown. To determine the potential negative impacts of malnutrition on anti-parasitic responses in chronic VL, we provided mice with a polynutrient-deficient diet (deficient protein, energy, zinc, and iron) that mimics moderate human malnutrition. The polynutrient-deficient diet resulted in growth stunting and reduced mass of visceral organs and following infection with Leishmania infantum, malnourished-mice harbored more parasites in the spleen and liver. Malnourished and infected mice also had fewer T lymphocytes, with reduced T cell production of IFN-gamma required for parasite clearance and enhanced production of the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10. To determine if IL-10 was causative in disease progression in the malnourished mice, we treated infected mice with monoclonal antibody alpha-IL-10R. alpha-IL-10R treatment reduced the parasite number in malnourished mice, restored the number of T cells producing IFN-gamma, and enhanced hepatic granuloma formation. Our results indicate that malnutrition increases VL susceptibility due to defective IFN-gamma-mediated immunity attributable to increased IL-10 production.

关键词： HLA   new alleles   next-generation sequencing  

摘要： Genomic sequence of HLA-DPA1*01:03:01:81, -DPA1*01:03:01:89, -DPA1*01:03:01:90, -DPA1*01:03:01:91, -DPA1*01:03:01:93 and -DPA1*01:03:01:94 alleles in Spanish individuals.

关键词： LC-Plasma   antiviral   arboviruses   interferon   probiotics  

摘要： The growing risk of contracting viral infections due to high-density populations and ecological disruptions, such as climate change and increased population mobility, has highlighted the necessity for effective antiviral treatment and preventive measures against Dengue virus (DENV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Recently, there has been increasing attention on the use of probiotics as a potential antiviral option to reduce virus infections. The present study aimed to assess the immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis strain plasma (LC-Plasma) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its subsequent antiviral response against DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of LC-Plasma on PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals, PBMCs were cultured at a density of 2 x 105 cells/well and stimulated with 10 mu g/mL of LC-Plasma. LC-plasma-stimulated PBMCs demonstrated elevated interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) and human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) upregulation, potentially linked to plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) activation. The replication of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV was dose-dependently inhibited when Huh-7 cells were stimulated with LC-Plasma-stimulated PBMC supernatant (LCP Sup). IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, including IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), IFN-stimulated exonuclease gene 20 (ISG20), IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM-1), myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 (RSAD2), was significantly upregulated in LCP Sup-stimulated Huh-7 cells. Findings from this study indicate that LC-Plasma has the potential to induce IFN-alpha production, leading to an enhancement in the expression of ISGs and contributing to a broad-spectrum antiviral response. Thus, LC-Plasma may serve as a rational adjunctive treatment to ameliorate viral diseases, warranting future clinical trials.

关键词： RNF135   RIG-I   IFN   Oligomerization   Black carp  

摘要： RNF135, also known as RIPLET, plays a crucial role in facilitating RIG-I signaling in mammals. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of RNF135 in teleosts remain much to be elucidated. In this study, RNF135 homolog of black carp (bcRNF135) has been cloned and identified. The coding sequence (CDS) of bcRNF135 gene comprises 1221 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 407 amino acids. Immunoblotting (IB) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays identified that bcRNF135 is approximately 50 kDa and localized in the cytoplasm. qRT-PCR demonstrated that bcRNF135 mRNA levels were increased in host cells following SVCV infection and poly (I: C) stimulation. Co-expressed bcRNF135 obviously enhanced the induced transcription of IFN promoters by bcRIG-I in reporter assay, as well as improved bcRIG-I triggered antiviral response. Notably, bcRNF135 knockdown reduced the antiviral ability of host cells and increased virus replication. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays and IF assays confirmed that bcRNF135 interacted with bcRIG-I. Moreover, SDD-AGE revealed that bcRNF135 promotes the oligomerization of bcRIG-I, a process critical for RIG-I activation. Overall, our data conclude that bcRNF135 enhances bcRIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by facilitating its ubiquitination and oligomerization, enriching our understanding of RIG-I regulation in teleost innate immunity.