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关键词： ADR   adenoma detection rate   CADe   computer-aided detection   CRC   colorectal cancer   dMMR   mismatch repair deficient   DR3   death receptor 3   EoE   eosinophilic esophagitis   FDA   Food and Drug Administration   FGF21   fibroblast growth factor 21   FIT   fecal immunochemical test   GLP-1   glucagon-like peptide 1   IBD   inflammatory bowel disease   IBS   irritable bowel syndrome   IBS-SSS   IBS Severity Scoring System   IL   interleukin   MASH   metabolic-associated steatohepatitis   MASLD   metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease   MRI-PDFF   magnetic resonance imaging–proton density fat fraction   NASH   nonalcoholic steatohepatitis   PDAC   pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma   RCT   randomized controlled trial   TL1A   tumor necrosis factor–like cytokine 1A   TNF   tumor necrosis factor  

摘要： This review addresses selected topics in gastroenterology and hepatology that are of interest and relevance to general internists. The topics were selected on the basis of publications in 2024 in top ation, Annals of Internal Medicine, Lancet), often complemented with publications in the top gastroenterology journals pertaining to the same themes. General internists may be the primary providers for some of these diseases or the first to evaluate symptoms-such as uncontrolled heartburn;dysphagia, which is increasingly recognized as being associated with allergic mechanisms including eosinophil infiltration of the esophagus;irritable bowel syndrome;and the effects of incretin therapies (glucagonlike peptide 1 and glucagon-dependent insulinotropic peptide agonists) on obesity, metabolicassociated steatohepatitis, or steatotic liver diseases-and to screen for colorectal cancer by novel blood or stool markers. Alternatively, internists may provide continuity of care for more complex diseases, including a novel diagnostic approach to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, immunotherapy for locally advanced mismatch repairedeficient colorectal cancer, and treatment of rarer liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis. These topics illustrate impressive advances in 2024 in the diagnosis and management of diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract and liver. (c) 2025 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2025;100(9):1621-1631

摘要： The FDA approval of the JAK3 and TEC family kinases inhibitor ritlecitinib highlighted the clinical significance of JAK3/TEC signaling in alopecia areata (AA). JAK3/TECs modulate T-cell activity through activation of IL-2- and T-cell receptor (TCR...

关键词： Helicobacter pylori   IL-17   IL-23   Gastric ulcer and gastric cancer  

摘要： Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with various gastric diseases, including gastric ulcer (GU) and gastric cancer (GC). Objective: The research examines the levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in patients with H. pylori-induced gastric diseases and evaluates the correlation between these cytokines. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to August 2022. A total of 96 patients were recruited and diagnosed with H. pylori. They were grouped into 56 with GU and 40 with GC. A health control (HC) group of 30 individuals without H. pylori was included. Serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were measured in all participants. Results: H. pylori-positive patients showed significantly higher IL-17 and IL-23 levels in GU and GC compared to negative groups (P < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed the highest level of both cytokines IL-17 and IL-23 difference between H. pylori-positive GC and control (-48.14, p < 0.001 and -36.75, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between IL-17 and IL-23 in both H. pylori-positive (r = 0.573, P < 0.05) and H. pylori-negative (r = 0.452, P < 0.05). High levels of IL-23 were found to increase the risk of GC significantly. Conclusion: The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 are significantly elevated in patients with GU and GC, regardless of H. pylori status, compared to healthy controls. This suggests their potential role as biomarkers for inflammation and disease progression in gastric conditions associated with H. pylori.

关键词： IL-35 blockade   MR imaging   radioimmunotherapy   theranostics   tumor microenvironment  

摘要： The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. However, STING agonists have a dual-edged nature. Although they enhance antitumor T cell activity, STING agonists also elicit protumorigenic effects by promoting IL-35-producing B regulatory (Breg) cells, suppressing natural killer (NK) cell density, and fostering immune suppression. To address these challenges, this work develops a tumor microenvironment-responsive hollow mesoporous nanosystem that degrades under high glutathione conditions, thereby releasing the STING agonist MSA-2 and Mn ions. This nanosystem facilitates magnetic resonance imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy and radiosensitization, efficiently activating the cGAS-STING pathway by disrupting mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Notably, by integrating this nanosystem with an anti-IL-35 blockade, this work successfully mitigates the Breg cell-mediated suppression of NK cells, restores innate immune responses, and enhances antitumor efficacy. This study highlights the pivotal role of anti-IL-35 in reversing immunosuppression, enhancing innate immunity, and establishing a synergistic theranostic platform for molecular imaging-guided cancer radioimmunotherapy.

关键词： post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) based  

摘要： In this issue of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Mehta and colleagueshave present ed a study evaluating the effect of donor age on outcomes for patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant with an alternate donor using post-transplant...