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关键词： Flexible Zn-air battery   Multi-functional gel electrolyte   Ionic liquid   Wide temperature range  

摘要： Flexible zinc-air batteries (FZABs) employing gel electrolytes hold considerable promise for next-generation wearable electronics, yet their practical deployment is hindered by two critical limitations: inadequate water retention capacity of conventional hydrogels under extreme thermal conditions and irreversible zinc anode degradation through corrosion and passivation. To overcome these challenges, we engineer a multifunctional polyacrylamide imidazolium bromide ionic liquid (PAM-BBr) hydrogel electrolyte through strategic incorporation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BBr) ionic liquid into a polyacrylamide PAM. The BBr integration confers dual functionality: First, the hygroscopic ionic liquid establishes a hydrogen-bonded network with water molecules and PAM chains, achieving exceptional hydration stability (81.2 % water retention after 50 h at 25 degrees C/ 60 % RH) and enhanced ionic conductivity (340 mS cm- 1). Second, the hydrogen bonds among cations in ionic liquid BBr and the PAM network further weaken the anion-cation interactions, thus allowing the abundant Br- to stabilize the zinc and significantly reducing ZnO growth to avoid passivation and corrosion of the zinc anode surface. Moreover, the FZABs employing the PAM-BBr hydrogel electrolyte present a 433 cycles cycle life, 101.2 mW cm- 2 power density, and 727.8 mAh g- 1 discharge capacity. Even at extreme temperatures (-20 degrees C to 80 degrees C) PAM-BBr based FZABs always maintain excellent electrochemical stability and practicality.

关键词： Chaihu-Shugan-San   Breast cancer   Depression   Microglia   IL-17/ NF-kappa B pathway  

摘要： Background: Breast cancer-related depression (BCRD) is one of the severest comorbidities, affecting the quality of life and the treatment efficacy in BC patients. Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS), a traditional Chinese medicine presents a potential therapeutic method in BCRD. Purpose: The main purpose of the research was to investigate the effects of CSS on BCRD in a mouse model and to elucidate its mechanisms, particularly its impact on microglial polarization through the IL-17/ NF-kappa B pathway. Methods: A mouse BCRD model was constructed and treated with CSS. Behavioral testing, biochemical parameters, H&E staining, and small animal imaging were used to assess the depressive-like behaviors and tumor growth in mice. RNA sequencing analysis was performed, and the data were authenticated by Western blot as well as quantitative qRT-PCR to explore the mechanisms of CSS treatment in BCRD. The BV2 microglia were stimulated with LPS in vitro and intervened by IL-17 protein, IL-17 antagonist, IMD-0354, and CSS. In addition, western blot was utilized to confirm the expression of IL-17/ NF-kappa B pathway-related factors. Molecular docking technique and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS were used to find out the key active components of CSS. Results: CSS treatment significantly improved depression-like behaviors and retarded tumor growth in mice. Through RNA sequencing analysis, it was indicated that the improvement of BCRD by CSS was highly associated with the regulation of the IL-17/ NF-kappa B pathway. Western blot and qRT-PCR outcomes suggested that CSS inhibited the IL-17/ NF-kappa B pathway, facilitating the transformation from pro-inflammatory M1 microglial phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, contributing to the reduction of neuroinflammation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CSS modulated the immune reaction through the induction of phenotypic transformation of microglia from M1 toward M2 phenotype, hence reducing neuroinflammation. Notably, this therapeutic effect of CSS was h

关键词： Pulmonary hypertension   Macrophage   IL-33/ST2   IL-6   Lingguizhugan decoction  

摘要： Background: Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZG), a typical Chinese herbal formula, has remarkable clinical effects for treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) with unclear ingredients and mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LGZG and the mechanism of its active ingredients in treating PH. Methods: The PH patient phenotype was characterized by transcriptomic assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and multiplex cytokine profiling of serum. The active ingredients of LGZG were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH model was performed to evaluate the effects of LGZG and its active ingredients in vivo. The interleukin-33 (IL-33)-induced RAW264.7 cells and the mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (mPASMCs) were applied to explored phenotype and mechanism of the active ingredients of LGZG by immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT-qPCR in vitro. Results: Inflammatory receptor activity in PBMCs and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were elevated in PH patients. Porinic acid B, cinnamic acid, atractylenolide I and glycyrrhizin (PCAG) were characterized and combined to treat the PH, And the IL-33/Growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) pathway may be the potential mechanism by transcriptomic analysis of lung tissues. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that PCAG inhibited the IL-33/ST2 pathway, reduced macrophage polarization, and suppressed IL-6 secretion. Moreover, ST2 overexpression in macrophages attenuated the inhibitory effect of PCAG. Using a co-culture system of macrophages and mPASMCs, we demonstrated that PCAG reduced mPASMCs phenotypic switching by suppressing macrophage-derived IL-6 secretion. Conclusion: The active ingredient of LGZG, PCAG, inhibits the progression of PH by preventing macrophage polarization and IL-6 secretion through the IL-33/ST2 pathway.

关键词： Blood-absorbed components   Buzhongyiqi granules   IL-6/STAT3 axis   Traditional Chinese medicine   Ulcerative colitis  

摘要： Ethnopharmacological relevance: Buzhongyiqi Granules (BZYQ), a classical herbal formulation derived from Pi Wei Lun, is traditionally used to regulate Qi and blood circulation while enhancing immune function, particularly for gastrointestinal disorders. However, its protective effects and mechanisms on ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. Aim of the study: This study aimed to identify the blood-entering bioactive components of BZYQ and elucidate its immune-modulatory mechanisms in UC using an integrated strategy combining medicinal chemistry, bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Materials and methods: The chemical profile and serum pharmacochemistry components (SPCs) of BZYQ were identified via UPLC-QE-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Network pharmacology and molecular docking predicted UC-related targets and pathways. In vivo, experimental colitis was induced via 3 % dextran sulfate sodium solution administration for 7 days, followed by 10-day BZYQ treatment. Anti-inflammatory effects were validated through flow cytometry, qPCR, Western blotting, and in vitro bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cultures. Results: Fifty-four compounds were identified in BZYQ, with seven SPCs (astragaloside IV, licoflavone A, 18β-glycyrrhizinic acid, glabrolide, ganoderic acid X, complanatuside, and isosakuranin) directly related to UC pathogenesis. Molecular docking confirmed high-affinity interactions between glabrolide and IL-6. BZYQ alleviated colitis by suppressing IL-6/STAT3 axis, reprogramming macrophage polarization, increasing regulatory T cell frequency, and suppressing naive CD4⁺ T cell differentiation. Conclusions: This study is the first to define BZYQ's component basis and cellular immunological mechanisms in UC alleviation. These findings contribute to the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Senescence   Polymer dot   Aging factor   Aptasensor   Wireless sensing  

摘要： Background: The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is closely linked to aging by promoting inflammation and tissue degradation. Sensing SASP is crucial for early detection of and intervention in agerelated diseases to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Herein, SASP-selective sensors (transforming growth factor [TGF]-(31 and interleukin [IL]-6 probes) were designed by utilizing TGF-(31/IL-6 aptamers-functionalized copperimmobilized polymer dots that promoted specific binding between TGF-(31/IL-6 aptamers on the probe surface with aging factors (TGF-(31 and IL-6). Results: The selective binding was reflected by changes in the conductivity of the probes. The TGF-beta 1 and IL-6 probes showed high sensitivity towards TGF-beta 1 and IL-6, with limits of detection of 193.09 pg/mL for the TGF-beta 1 (R2 = 0.9989) and 16.49 pg/mL (R2 = 0.9998) for IL-6 probes. In vitro study using senescent cells confirmed that the probes could selectively detect TGF-beta 1 and IL-6, indicated by increased resistance with longer incubation times (TGF-beta 172h = 2.775 M Omega, IL-672h = 2.401 M Omega). Furthermore, the TGF-beta 1 and IL-6 probes exhibited excellent detection performance in in vivo samples from aging mouse models when monitoring the levels of TGF-beta 1 and IL-6 at different times after lenti soup injection and at different mouse ages (6-20 months). Additionally, the electrical signals generated during sensing can be displayed on a smartphone via a wireless sensing system. Significance: TGF-beta 1 and IL-6 probes provide a sensitive, specific and accessible diagnostic platform for senescence aging factors monitoring, which are expected to be an essential tool that transforms the analysis of aging and age-related diseases.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis   Edaravone   Demyelination   Kynurenine pathway   NLRP3 inflammasome   Cuprizone (CPZ) model  

摘要： Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving various pathways that affect disease progression and treatment. The kynurenine pathway (KP) has gained attention in MS studies, contributing to demyelination and disease progression. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological effects of edaravone (EDV) on the corpus callosum and the spinal cord in the cuprizone (CPZ) animal model of demyelination. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control, CPZ, and CPZ-EDV groups. CPZ (500 mg/kg/day) was administered via oral gavage for eight weeks, and at the start of the 5th week, EDV (5 mg/kg/day,I.P.) was initiated and continued for 4 weeks. EDV ameliorated behavioral and motor deficits in CPZ-intoxicated rats and promoted the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by activating OLIG2, enhancing re-myelination. This was demonstrated by increased density of myelinated nerve fibers and OLIG2+ cells co-expressing myelin basic protein (MBP), indicating enhanced OPC differentiation and remyelination. EDV also reduced the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha and NF-& kgreen;B, and diminished the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibiting the release of IL-1 beta. Furthermore, EDV decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) mRNA expression and activity, as well as the protein levels of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), leading to reduced neurotoxic metabolites (quinolinic and anthranilic acid) while elevating the neuroprotective metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA). In conclusion, EDV exerted neuroprotective effects by reducing inflammation, inhibiting the KP's neurotoxic metabolites, and promoting remyelination through OLIG2 activation. These effects are possibly attributed to EDV's action on TNF-alpha/NF-& kgreen;B/NLRP3 signaling and the KP.

关键词： Interleukin-25   Induced sputum   Childhood   Asthma   Clinical features   Airway inflammation   Anti-asthma treatment  

摘要： Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction and persistent airway inflammation, presenting as a highly heterogeneous disorder in children. Further understanding of its complexity is essential to identify applicable biomarkers and targeted therapies. Interleukin-25 (IL-25) has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods: To investigate the association between IL and 25 expression and clinical characteristics, we enrolled 46 children with asthma (age 6-17 years) and 15 age-matched healthy controls. Asthma patients were stratified into Group A (untreated, n = 24) and Group B (treatment-controlled, n = 22). IL-25 protein levels in serum and IL-25 mRNA in induced sputum were quantified using ELISA and PCR, respectively. Results: No significant intergroup differences existed in age (P = 0.32), sex (P = 0.67), or BMI (P = 0.144). IL-25 mRNA in sputum was significantly elevated in both groups versus controls (P <0.001 in Group A and P < 0.05 in Group B). Sputum IL-25 protein levels were higher in Group A versus controls (P < 0.001) and Group B (P < 0.05). IL-25 mRNA expression in sputum was significantly higher in Group A (without anti-asthma drugs) compared to Group B (with controlled asthma treated with anti-asthma drugs) (P < 0.05 in both induced sputum and blood). Furthermore, IL-25 mRNA expression correlated with CRP (P = 0.007), FeNO (P = 0.04), FEV1/FVC (%) (P = 0.01), induced sputum eosinophil count (%) (P = 0.03), disease severity (P = 0.042), and anti-asthma treatment (P < 0.05). Notably, IL-25 levels in induced sputum decreased significantly at both molecular and gene levels following anti-asthma treatment, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for evaluating treatment efficacy and asthma control. Conclusion: IL-25 expression in induced sputum may serve as a reliable biomarker in children with bronchial asthma, though further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these find

关键词： Acetylcholine receptor antibody   Biomarker   Disease activity   Interleukin   Myasthenia gravis  

摘要： Background: IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines play important roles in various immunological diseases. This study identified a relationship between IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines and the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: We measured IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines levels in 25 treatment-naive MG patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and 28 controls and examined their relationships with clinical parameters. Results: Serum levels of IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-20, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-29, and IL-35 were significantly higher in MG group than in control group. Among these, IL-20, IL-26, IL-28A, and IL-29 levels decreased after immunotherapy. AChR antibody titers were negatively correlated with levels of IL-12p40, IL-22, and IL-26. Scores on the MG activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scale were negatively correlated with IL-20 levels. Conclusion: Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines were elevated in MG. In particular, IL-12p40, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-26 levels might be potential disease biomarkers in MG patients.

关键词： Crystal violet dye   Simulation modeling   Adsorption mechanism   Textile effluent decolourisation   BMIM-PF6 (IL): CuO and ZnO nanomaterials  

摘要： In the present investigation, bare and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliums hexa-fluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6) ionic liquid (IL) based novel mesoporous nanomaterials of CuO and ZnO were fabricated via one-pot straightforward microwave irradiation approach and utilised for the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) dye from the synthetic solutions. The Fabricated bare CuO, CuO-IL, bare ZnO, and ZnO-IL nanomaterials (NMs) were fully characterised for associated physio-chemical properties via UV-Vis, powdered XRD, BET, FT-IR, TGA, FE-SEM/EDX, TEM, and ZetaSizer. Fabricated CuO-IL and ZnO-IL NMs exhibit smaller polycrystalline sizes and functionalisation with imidazole ring-based groups, which enhances colloidal dispersibility. The BET surface areas of CuO-IL and ZnO-IL NMs were recorded to be 29.409 m(2)/g and 63.516 m(2)/g, respectively, significantly improved than the bare CuO and ZnO NMs. It was established that the adsorption of CV dye was found to be pH-dependent, and maximum removal was achieved at 30mg/25 mL NMs dose at 60 min (at 30 degrees C) for all four NMs separately. Also, the dye adsorption was observed to be endothermic for both bare and BMIM-PF6 (hydrophobic and nonwater soluble) modified CuO-IL and ZnO-IL NMs. Langmuir and Temkin isotherms well explained dye adsorption onto each nanomaterial, and the adsorption rate followed pseudo second order kinetic. Achieved q(max) for CV dye using CuO-IL and ZnO-IL NMs were found to be 69.93 and 78.13 mg/g, respectively, attributed to the incorporation of imidazole aromatic ring from BMIM-PF6, significantly higher than the bare CuO and ZnO NMs (61.72 and 70.92 mg/g). Recyclability study of ZnO-IL and CuO-IL NMs up to four cycles approved their excellent removal capacity with >= 88.68 % (CuO-IL) and >= 91.22 % (ZnO-IL) recoverability. BMIM-PF6 based NMs are more efficient for removing CV dye than bare NMs, and feasibility approves their excellent decolourisation efficacy from real textile effluent.

关键词： T regulatory cells   interleukin-2   autoimmunity   experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis  

摘要： Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) is a self-limiting disease model of multiple sclerosis. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells play a role in limiting autoimmune disease but treatment with antigen na & iuml;ve CD4+CD25+ cells does not reduce EAE. This study examined if in vitro activation by MBP and rIL-2 induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells that could inhibit EAE. Culture of CD4+CD8-CD25+cells from na & iuml;ve rats with MBP and rIL-2 induced activated Treg that reduced the severity of clinical EAE and infiltration of CD8+T cells and macrophage into brain stem. CD4+CD25+T cells activated by an irrelevant autoantigen and rIL-2 did not suppress EAE. Resting CD4+CD25+T cells activated by autoantigen and rIL-2 have mRNA for Infgr, Il12rb2, Il5 but not Tbet, Gata3, Ilr5ra or Ifng. These changes in mRNA expression are the markers of Ts1 cells. A proportion of CD4+CD8-CD25+ cells activated by MBP/rIL-2 were induced to express CD8 alpha, CD8(3 and CD62L. Depletion of CD4+CD8 alpha+CD25+ cells removed the capacity of MBP and rIL-2 activated CD4+CD25+T cells to suppress EAE. This study demonstrated that in vitro activation of CD4+CD8-CD25+ cells by MBP/rIL-2 induced relevant antigen-specific Treg within days, which expressed CD8 alpha, CD8(3 and CD62L with a Ts1 phenotype and that had greater potency than freshly isolated antigen naive CD4+CD25+Treg in suppressing clinical severity of EAE and immune inflammation in CNS. These findings may guide development of antigen-specific Treg for therapy.