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摘要： BackgroundTumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) are expressed in milk. Experimental data indicate enhanced brain growth and cognitive development in the mouse offspring given milk deficient in TNF and TNF-dependent chemokines. Although monoclonal antibodies against TNF (TNFmAb) are used during breastfeeding due to minimal milk excretion, whether it affects endogenous TNF levels in human milk is *** prospective cohort study was conducted in 26 breastfeeding women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 31 non-IBD women. Milk TNF and related chemokines were measured at 5-6 weeks postpartum (early-lactation point) as a primary endpoint and further determined at 13-14 weeks postpartum. In a subset of their infants, neurocognitive development was assessed at 12 and 18 months of age using Bayley-III *** milk TNF levels were not significantly different between the control and those with IBD, women with IBD receiving TNFmAb showed 70% lower median milk TNF than those without TNFmAb (P = 0.019) at early lactation period. TNF-dependent chemokines (MIP-1 beta and IP-10) also showed similar patterns. Neurocognitive development of the infants was not significantly different among the *** with IBD receiving TNFmAb show significantly lower milk TNF/chemokines at 5-6 weeks postpartum than those without TNFmAb. *** *** found that milk concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and TNF-dependent chemokines (MIP-1 beta and IP-10) are low in women with inflammatory bowel disease who are receiving anti-TNF monoclonal antibody (TNFmAb), compared to those without concurrent anti TNF *** maternal use of TNFmAb during breastfeeding is considered inconsequential to infant health due to their low levels of milk excretion, it affects profiles of endogenous cytokines in *** findings provide a rationale to investigate human implications of the animal data in the literature that suggest enhancement of neuroco

关键词： Foodborne Diseases   Notification of Infectious Diseases   COVID-19 pandemic  

摘要： Background. Foodborne diseases are a major global public health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread effects on various aspects of life, including the food supply chain, potentially impacting the incidence of foodborne diseases. This study aims to analyze the differences between notified and diagnosed cases and investigate the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foodborne diseases in the metropolitan area of Bologna, Italy. Study Design. A retrospective time trend analysis from two databases was conducted. Methods. The Local Health Authority of Bologna collected data re/Emilia-Romagna Region on the infectious disease reporting system over a six-year period (2017-2022), which included three years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This data was compared with information collected during the same period at the microbiology laboratory serving the entire metropolitan area of Bologna. Statistical methods included percent change calculations, binomial tests, annual averages, gender and age stratification, and trend analysis with regression. Results. An increase (+34.4%, P-value <= 0.01) in notified cases during the pandemic-compared to the pre-pandemic period-was found. However, no differences were observed in diagnosed cases when comparing the two periods. The year 2021 saw a significant increase in reported cases of foodborne diseases among schoolers (+300.0%) and workers (+133.3%) compared to 2020. On the other hand, diagnosed cases decreased significantly in 2020 (-19.1%, P<0.01) and increased in 2021 (+21.9%, P<0.01). In absolute terms, a stark difference was observed between notified and diagnosed cases across all the study years (2017-2022). Conclusions. This study highlights the discrepancy between notified and diagnosed cases of foodborne diseases and how the COVID-19 pandemic has increased reporting without affecting transmission. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on improving

关键词： HLA typing   HLA-B*40:06:01:20   HLA-DRB1*09:61N   new allele   next-generation sequencing  

摘要： Genomic sequence of HLA-B*40:06:01:20 and HLA-DRB1*09:61N alleles detected in a Spanish individual.

摘要： Objectives: Insight into the immunopathology of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is scarce and mainly derived from peripheral blood studies. The limited data available point towards macrophages as potential key players in PMR. This study aimed to identify the factors driving proinflammatory macrophage development and their functions in the immunopathology of PMR. Methods: Monocyte phenotypes were investigated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood (PMR, n = 22;healthy controls, n = 20) and paired subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursal fluid (PMR, n = 9). Macrophages in SASD bursa were characterised by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (PMR, n = 12;controls undergoing shoulder replacement surgery, n = 10). The functions of cytokines expressed in PMR-affected tissue were examined using macrophage differentiation cultures (PMR, n = 7;healthy controls, n = 7). Results: Monocytes (CD14highCD16- and CD14highCD16+) were increased in blood of PMR patients and activated in bursal fluid. Macrophages dominated immune infiltrates in PMRaffected tissue, expressing various proinflammatory cytokines. While interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression was abundant in both PMR and control tissue, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were significantly increased in PMR tissue. Macrophages in PMR-affected tissue showed an elevated CD206/folate receptor /3 ratio, reflecting a GM-CSF skewed signature. A combination of GM-CSF/M-CSF/IFN-gamma significantly boosted IL-6 production in vitro, while limited IL-6 production was observed without GM-CSF. Conclusions: The monocyte compartment is expanded and activated in PMR. Macrophages in PMRaffected tissue produce abundant proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. A network of locally expressed cytokines, including GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IFN-gamma, may drive the proinflammatory functions of these macrophages. Overall, macrophages may constitute key therapeutic

关键词： Green spaces   biophilia   restorativeness   human health   forest therapy   ecosystemic servicesParole chiave   Spazi verdi   biofilia   salute umana   terapia forestale   servizi ecosistemici  

摘要： Background. The analysis of the complex interactions between outdoor or indoor greenness and the health of individuals and ecosystems is a topic of current and growing interest. Study design. This review aims to examine and summarise the results of studies conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to greenness on various aspects of human health and the natural ***. For this purpose, in April 2024 we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, Google Scholar and specialised ***. Evidence gathered demonstrates a remarkable correlation between exposure to outdoor and indoor greenness and the improvement of mental health, including the reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression. Contact with greenness is also associated with improvements in physical health, such as reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammation, as well as in cognitive abilities, concentration, and overall *** benefits are recognisable both in outdoor spaces, such as urban parks, oases, and public gardens, and in indoor spaces, through the introduction of plants and nature-evoking elements in living and working environments. The presence of vegetation in indoor environments, such as offices, schools, healthcare facilities, prisons, and others, can contribute to improving the quality of social spaces, fostering communication, and collaboration, and attenuating aggressiveness and inequalities, thereby increasing employee satisfaction and work efficiency. The combination of outdoor/indoor green spaces and the well-being of the living environment includes exposure to greater biodiversity, mitigation of extreme weather events, absorption of atmospheric pollutants, attenuation of urban background noise, and increased privacy. The presence of vegetation in urban areas has a positive impact on social cohesion, promoting interpersonal interaction and facilitating the development of more cohesive and inclusive communities, thus supporting a sense o

关键词： MSC   Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation   GvHD  

摘要： Background & Aim Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) activated with interferon-γ (γMSC) exhibit potent immunosuppressive properties, yet nonactivated MSC remain the focus of clinical trials. Extensive mouse studies show that γMSC can prevent acute Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic cell transplantation, but the molecular mechanisms affecting their distribution post-IV infusion and the sites of activity remain unclear. This study aims to identify the site(s) of activity and elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing γMSC trafficking. Methodology A mouse model of fully MHC mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was used. Human γMSC were infused 24 hours post-HCT, and their tissue localization was assessed. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to modify γMSC, and in vitro analyses conducted using IncuCyte or fluorescence microscopy. Macrophages depletion with clodronate was performed to study their role in trafficking and GVHD prevention. Results We observed that γMSC were enriched in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) 16 hours post-IV infusion, critical site for the development of aGVHD. In vitro , γMSC exhibited significantly greater adhesion to spleen endothelial cells compared to other SLO endothelial cells, and integrin α4 was crucial for this interaction, as α4 knockdown reduced binding by 94%. We identified CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 as key chemokines upregulated in murine activated T cell conditioned media and blocking these chemokines collectively abolished γMSC migration. γMSC expressed CCR5 knockdown in γMSC reduced migration by 90%. In vivo , knockdown of α4 or CCR5 in γMSC impaired their trafficking to GALT and significantly the prophylactic effects against GVHD, although T cell suppression by γMSC was retained. Furthermore, depletion of monocytes/macrophages by liposomal clodronate did not affect γMSC trafficking to the spleen but abolished the GVHD-suppressive activity of γMSC, indicating that macrophages are not required for γMSC

关键词： COVID-19   disease severity   IL-18   neutrophil extracellular traps   sex-dependent  

摘要： Severe COVID-19 disease is accompanied by high plasma levels of proinflammatory, prothrombotic NETs, and NET-inducing cytokine IL-18. We found that both, IL-18 and NETs, are elevated in men with severe disease, but not in women of the same category. Our findings warrant further investigation of sex-related differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

关键词： Interleukin-17   Electrochemical immunosensor   Differential pulse voltammetry   Graphdiyne   UiO-66-NH2   MOFs  

摘要： IL-17 (interleukin-17) is a common proinflammatory cytokine and can be adopted as an important biomarker for several diseases;it is thus very necessary to design an effective method for monitoring IL-17. Herein, by preparing silver nanoparticles/graphdiyne (Ag/GDY) with simple electroless deposition as the sensing platform and methylene blue/UiO-66-NH2 MOFs (MB/MOFs) as the signaling-amplifier, a highly efficient sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing (SLEI) platform was designed for IL-17 detection. The superior electrical property, easy preparation, large surface area, and high stability of Ag/GDY make it a desirable substrate to immobilize primary antibody of IL-17. Meanwhile, the unique structure of UiO-66-NH2 is beneficial to immobilize MB probe and secondary antibody. By optimizing experimental conditions, the MB current obtained at the as-designed SLEI platform increases along with IL-17 increase, and the related linearity is 1.0 pg mL(-1)-1.0 ng mL(-1) coupled with a low detection limit of 0.3 pg mL(-1). It is expected that the SLEI platform based on Ag/GDY and MB/MOFs shows some potential application for IL-17 detection.