关键词： Noncanonical poly(A) polymerase   synaptic plasticity   animal behaviour   RNA-seq   alternative RNA processing  

摘要： Noncanonical poly(A) polymerases are frequently tethered to mRNA 3MODIFIER LETTER PRIME untranslated regions and regulate poly(A) tail length and resulting translation. In the brain, one such poly(A) polymerase is Gld2, which is anchored to mRNA by the RNA-binding protein CPEB1 to control local translation at postsynaptic regions. Depletion of CPEB1 or Gld2 from the mouse hippocampus results in a deficit in long-term potentiation (LTP), but only depletion of CPEB1 alters animal behaviour. To test whether a related enzyme, Gld4, compensates for the lack of Gld2, we separately or simultaneously depleted both proteins from hippocampal area CA1 and again found little change in animal behaviour, but observed a deficit in LTP as well as an increase in long-term depression (LTD), two forms of protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity. RNA-seq data from Gld2, Gld4, and Gld2/Gld4-depleted hippocampus show widespread changes in steady state RNA levels, alternative splicing, and alternative poly(A) site selection. Many of the RNAs subject to these alterations encode proteins that mediate synaptic function, suggesting a molecular foundation for impaired synaptic plasticity.

关键词： Colonoscopy   colitis-associated neoplasm   inflammatory bowel diseases   indigo carmine   virtual chromoendoscopy   iSCAN  

摘要： Objective Patients with long-standing colonic inflammatory bowel disease (cIBD) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Dye-spray chromoendoscopy (DCE) with targeted biopsies is the preferred technique for surveillance of dysplasia. Virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) are arising to improve detection rates and adherence to surveillance guidelines, although its role is not yet well defined. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of VCE with iSCAN as an alternative method for dysplasia detection in cIBD. Methods Retrospective case-control study with 191 patients included, 98 in the DCE (Indigo carmine) group and 93 in the VCE (iSCAN, twin-mode 1-3) group. The dysplasia detection and the exploration time were analysed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the factors related to colonic dysplasia. Results A total of 44 dysplastic lesions were detected in 21 (11%) patients. No differences were found in the per lesion and the per patient analysis (dysplastic versus non-dysplastic). Median withdrawal time was shorter in the VCE group than in the DCE group (9 min versus 14 min;p < .001). Location of lesions in the right colon was independently associated with an increased risk for colonic dysplasia (OR = 4.04, 95%CI 1.11-14.65;p = .034) after adjusting for age at inclusion, age at diagnosis, high risk for CRC and Kudo pit pattern. Conclusions VCE with iSCAN presents a similar diagnostic performance to conventional DCE in the detection of colonic dysplasia in patients with long-standing cIBD. Furthermore, VCE with iSCAN is a less time-consuming surveillance alternative to DCE.

关键词： Erectile dysfunction   alternative medicine   herbal medicine   panax ginseng   tribulus terrestris   pygnogenol  

摘要： Objectives: To systematically review and discuss the current evidence from placebo-controlled clinical trials that investigated the use of alternative medicines and herbal remedies in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-based systematic review using specific keyword combinations was conducted on the PubMed and Scopus databases. Randomised controlled trials investigating herbal medicine in at least one group and using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) as an outcome in patients primarily diagnosed with ED were included for review. Results: Following the literature search, screening and eligibility analysis, a total of 42 articles were included. The 42 articles were categorised as single herb extractions (n = 14), combination herbal formula (n = 5), combination of herbal formula and non-herbal nutraceuticals (n = 7), non-herbal nutraceuticals (n = 5), acupuncture and moxibustion (n = 2), diet and nutrition (n = 3), exercise (n = 5), and topical treatments (n = 1). Based on the results, Korean ginseng, Pygnogenol and Prelox, Tribulus terrestris, Lepidium meyenii, L-arginine, acupuncture and lifestyle interventions were the more predominantly investigated treatments interventions for ED. Conclusions: Panax ginseng, Pygnogenol, Prelox and Tribulus terrestris have promising evidence as herbal products, alongside L-arginine as a nutritional supplement, for ED based on IIEF outcomes, and warrant further clinical investigation. The mechanisms of action remain unclear, but each of these appears to in part increase nitric oxide synthesis. Importantly, improved diet and exercise should be considered, particularly in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)   Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)   Prevalence   Regulation   Economic   Crohn's Disease (CD)   Ulcerative Colitis (UC)   Epidemiology   Cost-effectiveness analysis   Safety  

摘要： Introduction: Due to the high cost, low effectiveness, and adverse effects plus the life-long nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and misconception on safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), the market demand for CAM has risen over the past decades. A critical review of patients' and physicians' attitudes, market drivers, economic aspects, regulatory roles, and regional distribution is lacking. Areas covered: Through relevant databases, the existing English language literature concerning the association of CAM use with IBD was collected over the past two decades. Data was then analyzed, comprehensively summarized in tables/figures, and justified concerning administrative, organizational, regional, economic, and regulatory perspectives. Expert opinion: Although CAM utilization is more prevalent among younger, female, and high-educated IBD patients, issues concerning weak study designs, limited-time period/regional distribution of recent surveys, and lack of economic evaluations on CAM make it entirely unfeasible to draw a firm conclusion. Regulators are lagging in meeting the dire need of IBD patients, especially the elderly. Lack of legislation regarding registration, sales monitoring, licensing, insurance coverage, efficacy/safety assessments, post-marketing surveillance, quality assurance, and reference pricing alongside the limited support for CAM research are the main matters that should be urgently addressed.

关键词： 社交媒体   东西方文化   红双喜   家居用品   亚马逊网站   讲好中国故事   多样性  

摘要： 事件速递中国家居用品痰盂在国外社交媒体上火了。细心的网友发现,印着红双喜的中国传统痰盂在美国的亚马逊网站上售价约合人民币390元。亚马逊上的商家将这种痰盂描述为:中国1960年代餐桌用品,可以用来盛装水果、蔬菜或葡萄酒。

关键词： 图书馆   熵变   金黄色  

摘要： 人生如同熵变,不可逆。那些曾经以为走不出的日子,如今都回不去了。而且所有已发生的,都成为既定的事实再无法更改。1慵懒的阳光被金黄色树叶剪碎,落在地上跳动。风过时,金鱼激灵一下往池水深处游弋,破碎的波纹向四方荡漾。我坐在图书馆前树荫里的长椅上,抬头看着不远处用方言认真接听电话的男生。他那听起来熟悉的口音拖着重重的鼻音:"我很好,莫要挂念,您保重身体。"

关键词： 糖尿病,2型   体质指数   心血管疾病危险因素   队列研究  

摘要： 目的分析2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)BMI变化与心血管病其他危险因素的关联。方法基于农村社区T2DM队列,基线和随访时测量研究对象的身高、体重、血压、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C。分析中剔除随访期间死亡及失访或信息不全者,共纳入8953例研究对象。使用多重线性回归和Cox比例风险回归模型分析BMI变化和心血管病其他危险因素的关联。结果基线调查时,有40.97%的T2DM患者伴有超重肥胖。超重肥胖组的SBP、DBP、TG水平显著高于BMI正常组,HDL-C水平低于BMI正常组(P<0.01)。随访期间,患者血糖控制率上升了15%,不同BMI变化组的HbA1c水平均有不同程度下降;与BMI持续正常组相比,持续超重肥胖组的HbA1c水平下降幅度较小,SBP、DBP上升幅度较大;HbA1c、SBP、DBP、TG、HDL-C不达标比例分别比BMI持续正常组高1.142(1.057~1.233)倍、1.123(1.055~1.196)倍、1.220(1.128~1.320)倍、1.400(1.282~1.528)倍、1.164(1.069~1.267)倍;BMI转为异常组血压、血脂等相关指标变化与持续超重肥胖组相似;BMI转为正常组血糖、血压等变化值以及不达标比例与BMI持续正常组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BMI变化值与SBP、DBP、TG和LDL-C的变化值呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论BMI异常变化将伴随着血糖、血压、血脂等心血管疾病(CVD)危险因素的不利变化,BMI的正常化将有利于CVD不良因素的转归。

关键词： Food waste   Biorefinery   Biofuels   Global warming potential   Life cycle impact assessment   Sensitivity analysis  

摘要： Biorefining of Chinese food waste (FW) into transport fuels was assessed in terms of amount of fuel produced and over all Global Warming Potential (GWP) for six different scenarios including biogas, biomethane, bioethanol and biodiesel in different combinations. The life-cycle perspective used included GWP aspects of material and energy use, emissions during biorefining and management of residues, as well as substitution of fossil fuels according to the energy content of biofuels. All of the six FW biorefineries revealed savings in GWP ranging from -19 to -138 kg CO2 eqv. per ton of wet FW. Compared to the reference scenario with only anaerobic digestion (SO), introducing biogas upgrading to biomethane (S1) improved the GWP by 37%;while producing bioethanol prior to anaerobic digestion (S2) decreased the savings in GWP. Introducing biodiesel prior to anaerobic digestion (S3) revealed around 60% improvement in GWP, while combining biodiesel and biomethane gave the largest improvement in GWP, 84% compared to the reference scenario, and the most fuels (around 2400 MJ in terms of 30 kg biodiesel and 35 kg biomethane per ton of wet FW). A sensitivity analysis revealed that the electricity production based on the biogas was an important parameter and appears in all refineries, while the results was less sensitive to the production of biodiesel and biomethane. The residue management contributed also to the GWP, but did not vary much among the biorefinery scenarios. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： “齿”字   编排体例   异体字   齿龄规律  

摘要： 《说文解字》是由东汉经学家许慎编撰的中国历史上第一部系统分析字形、字义的字典,汇集汉代训诂学的成就,具有极高的研究价值,奉为文字训诂学之巨著。宋代徐铉对许慎《说文解字》进行校定,纠正讹误,并增加了原文中没有的字,即“新附字”。本文以《说文解字》齿部正篆四十四·重文二·新附一作为研究对象,主要从齿部字的编排体例、异体字以及背后蕴含的齿龄规律进行探究,进而对齿部字有更全面清晰的了解。

关键词： 克罗恩病   完全性肠梗阻   肠道病变   就医选择   病情严重程度   急性穿孔   腹腔脓肿   炎症  

摘要： 克罗恩病是一种慢性胃肠道炎症性疾病,炎症可能出现在胃肠道的任何部位,且肠道病变呈跳跃性(即正常黏膜之间存在炎症区域)。本病除保守治疗外,手术也是患者的就医选择之一。手术治疗:手术治疗主要是针对克罗恩的并发症。包括完全性肠梗阻、瘘管以及腹腔脓肿、急性穿孔或不能控制的大量出血。应根据患者的身体情况、病情严重程度,慎重选择最合适的治疗方式。一般来说,手术主要是切除病变肠段,目的是建立稳定的肠道解剖环境,预防由于消化道吸收不良导致的全身衰竭。因此,应尽量减少手术的打击,简化手术操作,缩短手术时间,减少损伤,降低并发症的风险。