摘要： Wie sieht die AIM (alternative und integrative Medizin) das „Glaukom“ und was kann man vorbeugend und zusätzlich zur etablierten Hochschulmedizin tun? Wenn sie anlässlich der Diagnose „Glaukom“ durchgeführt werden, schaden sie nicht, d. h., sie führen nicht zu einer Progression des Glaukoms, sondern verhindern nach Erfahrung des Verfassers das Fortschreiten auch anderer chronischer Erkrankungen, nicht nur am Auge. „Mit Maß, nicht mit Masse“: Es gilt nicht das „Alles-oder-nichts-Gesetz“. Herr Prof. Anselm Jünemann, der sich seit langem mit den alternativen Therapieansätzen wissenschaftlich beschäftigt, hat sehr schön von der „U-Form“ der angewandten Maßnahmen z. B. bei Veränderungen des Lebensstils geschrieben: Einleitend eine Reminiszenz an die Aachener Studienzeit des Verfassers: Aachener Wasser verbessert Blutflusseigenschaften Das Aachener Thermalwasser aus den verschiedenen heißen Quellen (20–72 °C) mit seiner langen Bädergeschichte ist heute als „Heilwasser“ aufgrund seiner Zusammensetzung dem Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG) unterworfen – mit ca. 4,3 g gelösten Stoffen, wie vor allem NaCl, Fluoriden, Sulfaten, Schwefelwasserstoffen (Geruch nach faulen Eiern), Lithium, Arsen, Brom, Jod, Silicium, Lithium, Mangan, Barium, Kobalt und Selen. Aerobe Bewegung täglich, „Arvi-Regel“ – Man hat nur (s)einen Körper in diesem Leben Es ist inzwischen hinreichend bekannt, dass regelmäßige sportliche Aktivität die Herzinfarktrate senkt, besonders gut bei einem wöchentlichen Kalorienverbrauch unter 4000 Kalorien. Es ist also eine moderate aerobe sportliche Aktivität zu empfehlen, denn der Augeninnendruck sinkt nach Laufen oder Radfahren bis zu 13 mm Hg bei Glaukompatienten [3]. HIIT – „high intensity interval training“ – abgewandelt für 40+ Wenn die o. g. moderate Körperbewegung durch ein- bis maximal zweiminütige intensive Intervalle mit hoher Intensität (bis zur o. g. Pulsgrenze) und nachfolgender Pause von mindestens 5 Minuten unterbrochen wird, so ist dies sehr effektiv für

摘要： Children's naive theories include misconceptions which can interfere with science learning. This research examined the effect of pairing anomalies with alternative theories, and their order of presentation, on children's belief revision. Children believe that heavy objects sink and light ones float. In a pre-, mid-, and post-test design, 5-year-olds (N = 96) were assigned to one of two conditions, where they were either exposed to an alternative theory about buoyancy and then observed anomalies (Explanation-First), or the reverse (Anomalies-First). At mid-test, children were more likely to revise their beliefs after exposure to an alternative theory than anomalies alone. At post-test, children revised their naive belief when they had access to an alternative theory before the anomalous evidence than in the opposite order.

关键词： cerebral palsy   hip displacement   neuromuscular scoliosis   premature birth   quadriplegia   spasticity  

摘要： Background: Many patients with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP) and severe scoliosis develop hip displacement, whereas others do not. We investigated demographic characteristics, risk factors for CP, and imaging findings associated with nondisplaced hips in patients with CP and severe scoliosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed records of 229 patients with spastic quadriplegic CP and severe scoliosis who presented for treatment at our US academic tertiary care hospital between August 2005 and September 2015. Demographic characteristics, risk factors for CP, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were documented. Patients were classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level 4 or higher, with 58% at GMFCS level 5.3. Displaced hips (n=181 patients) were defined as a migration percentage of >= 30% or previous surgery for hip displacement/adductor contractures. Patients who did not meet these criteria were classified as nondisplaced (n=48 patients). We used univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to determine associations between patient factors and hip displacement (alpha=0.05). Results: Patients born at term (>= 37 wk) had 2.5 times the odds [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-5.0] of having nondisplaced hips compared with patients born prematurely. Females had 2.0 times the odds (95% CI: 1.0-3.9) of having nondisplaced hips compared with males. Patients with normal brain MRI findings had 9.6 times the odds (95% CI: 2.3-41) of having nondisplaced hips compared with patients with abnormal findings. Hip displacement was not associated with race (P>0.05). Conclusions: Gestational age 37 weeks or above, female sex, and normal brain MRI findings are independently associated with nondisplaced hips in patients with spastic quadriplegic CP and severe scoliosis. These findings direct attention to characteristics that may place patients at greater risk of displacement. Future work may influence preventative screenin

关键词： apoptosis   human   mitochondria   eIF5A isoform A   hypusine   oxidative metabolism  

摘要： The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is the only known protein containing the amino acid residue hypusine, essential for its activity. Hypusine residue is produced by a posttranslational modification involving deoxyhypusine synthetase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Herein, we aimed to describe the role of the alternative human isoform A on mitochondrial processes. Isoform A depletion modulates oxidative metabolism in association with the downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes. Through positive feedback, it increases cell respiration leading to highly reactive oxygen species production, which impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics. These metabolic changes compromise mitochondrial morphology, increasing its electron density and fission, observed by transmission electron microscopy. This set of changes leads the cells to apoptosis, evidenced by increased DNA fragmentation and proapoptotic BAK protein content increase. Thus, we show that the alternative eIF5A isoform A is crucial for energy metabolism controlled by mitochondria and cellular survival.

关键词： venous thromboembolism   deep venous thrombosis   pulmonary embolism   anticoagulant   prophylaxis   pelvic osteotomy   rates   database   hip  

摘要： Background: Current risks and practices in medical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after major elective lower extremity surgeries such as pelvic osteotomies have not been well-defined in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate population rates of VTE in adolescents undergoing pelvic osteotomies, and (2) characterize current practices on types of VTE prophylaxis being utilized after pelvic osteotomies. Methods: The study evaluated the Pediatric Health Information System database between October 1, 2015 and January 1, 2020 for patients between 10 and 18 years of age meeting selected ICD-10 procedure and diagnosis codes relating to pelvic osteotomies. The rate of VTE was calculated within 90 days of index procedure. Types of pharmacologic prophylaxis were characterized. Continuous variables were compared with 2-sample t tests;proportions and categorical variables were compared with Fisher exact or chi(2) tests, all with 2-tailed significance Results: Of 1480 included patients, 9 were diagnosed with VTE within 90 days of surgery (VTE rate: 0.61%). Four of 9 (44.4%) had received pharmacologic prophylaxis postoperatively. There were no differences in baseline demographics or length of stay between patients that did or did not develop VTE (P>0.05). Overall, 52.0% received at least one form of pharmacologic prophylaxis postoperatively. The most common pharmacologic prophylaxis used was aspirin (47.6%), of which 64.4% received 81 mg dosing. There was no difference in VTE rates in those with or without prophylaxis (0.52% vs. 0.70%, P=0.75). However, those prescribed prophylaxis were significantly older (15.2 +/- 2.3 vs. 13.6 +/- 2.4 y, P<0.0001) and had a higher proportion of females (71.8% vs. 54.6%, P<0.01). Conclusions: The overall rate of VTE in pediatric patients after pelvic osteotomies is non-negligible. There is heterogeneity in the type of anticoagulant utilized;however, VTE prophylaxis is most commonly prescribed in older

关键词： Busy boards   Dividends policy   Bank type   Payouts model  

摘要： This study examines the possible opposing effects of the board function of busyness (i.e. the presence of busy independent non-executive directors serving on multiple boards) on bank dividend payout patterns between two alternative payouts models (i.e. conventional and Islamic). Using an international sample for listed banks during the periods of 2006-2018, we show that the busyness of boards of directors can explain differential dividend payouts behaviour between two banking systems. For conventional banking dividend model, a busy board has a significantly positive impact on the bank's dividend payout level. However, during the financial crisis of 2007/2009, the positive impact of board busyness on dividends payouts is tempered for these banks. In contrast, Islamic banks operating under a more constrained dividend model, report significantly lower levels of payouts and lower likelihood when they have busy directors on board. We find insignificant evidence for the effect of the financial crisis in Islamic banks. These results highlight a potential challenge for the unique agency conflicts arising from the complex payout model of Islamic banks (in terms of profit distribution principles, motives, mechanics and techniques, and flexibility of payouts), which is subject to the demand for greater monitoring and additional rulings when compared to the conventional.

关键词： Hypoxic preconditioning   RNA-seq   Enrichment analysis   Alternative splicing events  

摘要： Exposure to specific doses of hypoxia can trigger endogenous neuroprotective and neuroplastic mechanisms of the central nervous system. These molecular mechanisms, together referred to as hypoxic preconditioning (HPC), remain poorly understood. In the present study, we applied RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to study HPC in a whole-body HPC mouse model. The preconditioned (H4) and control (H0) groups showed 605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 263 were upregulated and 342 were downregulated. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were enriched in several biological processes, including metabolic stress and angiogenesis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the FOXO and Notch signaling pathways were involved in hypoxic tolerance and protection during HPC. Furthermore, 117 differential alternative splicing events (DASEs) were identified, with exon skipping being the dominant one (48.51%). Repeated exposure to systemic hypoxia promoted skipping of exon 7 in Edrf1 and exon 9 or 13 in Lrrc45. This study expands the understanding of the endogenous protective mechanisms of HPC and the DASEs that occur during HPC.

关键词： Heavy-duty vehicles   Internal combustion engines   Alternative fuel   Transport sector   Emissions   Air pollution  

摘要： Many alternative fuel technologies have been studied for the transport sector to increase its sustainability while reducing costs, greenhouse gases (GHG), and air pollution emissions. Nevertheless, conventional diesel is still the predominant fuel for heavy-duty trucks. Road freight transport consumes 25% of the world's energy and is responsible for emissions with local health impacts and the global greenhouse effect. In this context, this paper reviewed items from 2015 to 2020 to analyze the technologies available for the road freight transport regarding pollutant and GHG emissions. Results are presented in two parts: first quantitatively, quantitative data was extracted from reviewed papers and statistically treated and, second, qualitatively through a comparative chart, which shows the impact on air pollutants from the use of a different type of fuels. In general, papers are mostly concerned with particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions due to its impact on public health, with a low number of papers covering GHG emissions. The trade-off between different fuels and how this process can impact emissions, sometimes increasing or decreasing specific pollutants, is discussed. According to the analyzed papers, the main characteristics that affect the pollutant emissions are, in general, the fuel oxygen content and the combustion chamber temperature.

摘要： Few microbes can grow under laboratory conditions, highlighting the fact that the majority of microbes in environment are still uncultured and untapped resources. This study used alternative cultivation methods, diffusion chambers (DC), dilution-to-extinction culture (DTE) and modified agar preparation step (PS media) to cultivate previously uncultured marine bacterial species. These methods were applied to samples from a coastal intertidal zone, and the results were compared with those from standard direct plating (SDP) cultivation. Among the strains isolated with DC, DTE and PS media methods, 28%, 48% and 33% were novel species, respectively, while the SDP method resulted in the isolation of only 9% of novel species. Most isolates were unique to the method used for their cultivation. This implies that each method is selective in its own way, which is different from SDP, thus able to access species that are difficult to obtain using conventional approaches. Comparing the diversity showed that 75 genera were recovered by the alternative methods, 2.7 times higher than that of the SDP cultivation, which constituted 45% of total diversity from culture-independent sequencing. We conclude that combining alternative cultivation methods represents a highly promising key for accessing 'microbial dark matter'.