关键词： alternative splicing   fruit ripening   Musa acuminata   R1-MYB   transcriptional regulation  

摘要： The alternative splicing of select genes is an important mechanism to regulate responses to endogenous and environmental signals in ***,the role of alternative splicing in regulating fruit ripening remains ***,we discovered that MaMYB16L,an R1-type MYB transcription factor,undergoes alternative splicing and generates two transcripts,the full-length isoform MaMYB16L and a truncated form MaMYB16S,in banana *** banana fruit ripening,the alternative splicing process intensifies with downregulated MaMYB16L and upregulated ***,MaMYB16L is a transcriptional repressor that directly binds with the promoters of many genes associated with starch degradation and MaDREB2,a positive ripening regulator,and represses their *** contrast,MaMBY16S lacks a DNA-binding domain but competitively combines and forms non-functional heterodimers with functional ***16L-MaMYB16S heterodimers decrease the binding capacity and transrepression activity of *** downregulation of MaMYB16L and the upregulation of MaMYB16S,that is,a decreased ratio of active to non-active isoforms,facilitates the activation of ripening-related genes and thereby promotes fruit ***,the transient overexpression of MaMYB16S promotes banana fruit ripening,whereas the overexpression of MaMYB16L delays this ***,the alternative splicing of MaMYB16L might generate a self-controlled regulatory loop to regulate banana fruit ripening.

关键词： 《简化字总表》   繁体字   文献考证   简化字   异体字   数据准确   大小写   上下标  

摘要： 1 稿件要求1.1 稿件要求论点明确,论据充分,论证严谨,层次清晰,文字精炼,数据准确,具有一定的先进性和实用性。1.2 稿件请寄打印稿,亦可用16开单面方格纸誊写,字迹端正。简化字以1986年10月重新公布的《简化字总表》为准,不用繁体字和异体字(中医文献考证除外)。外文请打印,必须分辨出大小写、上下标、正斜体,非英文要注明语种。

关键词： 逻辑转换   赵汀阳   推不出   支点   传统形而上学   存在论  

摘要： 在一个渐趋否定形而上学或消解支点的现代世界,赵汀阳先生的《第一哲学的支点》(以下简称《支点》)试图重审一个古老的问题:第一哲学的统一支点是什么?这一探索是在回应休谟的经典质疑:"当然(to be)推不出应当(ought to be)。"(1)赵汀阳试图走出以"事实"或"事物"作为论域的传统形而上学。他要完成"事物存在论"向"事情存在论"的换位,以及"存在"向"有为(to do)"或"应当"的逻辑转换。

摘要： Since the sudden emergence of multisystem inflammatory disease in children (MIS-C) in April 2020 as a novel and severe presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), nearly 4000 cases of MIS-C and 35 deaths have been reported in the United States and many more internationally.1-4 A steep learning curve for the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition has been effective through rapid communication globally among multidisciplinary specialists at pediatric centers who faced the challenge of caring for the affected children. In a triumph of collaboration, experts achieved consensus about diagnostic criteria and the need to induce rapid immunomodulation aimed at . . .

关键词： 干旱胁迫   水力学特性   栓塞脆弱性   栓塞程度   栓塞修复  

摘要： 【目的】研究植物遭受不同程度干旱胁迫时,其水力学特性的变化及响应,以及复水后植物栓塞修复能力,为植物应对干旱环境的能力提供水力学依据。【方法】以84K杨扦插苗为研究对象,进行渐进的控水处理,根据植株形态特征的变化,分别控水至植株叶面积停止生长、整株萎蔫、50%的叶片死亡及全部叶片死亡4个阶段,而后各阶段植株均进行复水至新生叶片长出。分别在控水和复水处理完成后,测定各阶段植株的木质部水势、叶水势、栓塞脆弱性、枝条导水率及栓塞程度(PLC)等水力学特征,同时测定导管直径、导管连接度及导管抗垮塌能力等木质部解剖结构特征。【结果】随着干旱胁迫程度加剧,84K杨叶水势及木质部水势均降低,栓塞加剧,栓塞脆弱性减小,木质部导管直径较对照组显著减小,导管连接度及导管抗垮塌能力显著增大。当植株有50%的叶片死亡时,茎的PLC为44%,当叶片全部死亡时,茎的PLC达65%。复水10~24 d后,各干旱阶段植株木质部水势及叶水势均恢复至对照组水平,茎的导水率均有所增加,栓塞程度均降低,当茎的PLC恢复至28%~37%时,植株顶端重新展开了3片新叶。叶片全部死亡的植株复水至长出新叶时,茎的PLC显著减少,但植株直径并未增大,即复水阶段没有新生导管参与导水过程,表明茎导水率的恢复是由于发生了栓塞修复。【结论】干旱胁迫会对植物水力特性造成不利影响,但植物也会通过改变木质部结构特征来适应环境。植物在维持叶片存活与茎导水能力之间存在一定的权衡,干旱胁迫下会牺牲叶片来维持茎的导水率。但当干旱胁迫解除后,植物的水力学特性也能得到恢复,即使整株叶片死亡的植物,复水后仍能恢复生长,叶片死亡并不能作为判断植物死亡的指标。植物恢复生长与茎导水率恢复之间存在很强的相关性,栓塞能否修复是植物经历干旱后能否存活的主要因素。

关键词： 中医药期刊   用字规范   俗字   讹字   规范字   古籍   异体字  

摘要： 引用古籍内容时,凡异体字,包括俗字,或字、有案可稽的古讹字,一律改为现行规范字;引用古籍内容中,凡两字形异而义同,古籍中通用,现代未统一规定为何规范字者,如“澼”与“癖”、“注”与“疰”之类,则保持原貌;引用古籍内容中凡因形体相似,或增笔,或缺笔,或连笔而误写,如“正”与“止”、“若”与“苦”、“己、已、巳”之类,凡明显讹误而无疑义者可径改,如遇难以裁定者,则保持原貌。

关键词： 香气成分   黑茶   顶空固相微萃取   气相色谱-质谱联用法  

摘要： 目的探讨湖南安化茯砖茶和其他不同地区黑茶样品香味物质差异。方法以湖南安化茯砖茶和广西六堡茶等其他5种不同地区黑茶样品为实验材料,运用顶空固相微萃取法,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对黑茶样品香气成分进行分析、鉴定和定量,比较研究湖南安化茯砖茶与其他地区黑茶样品香味物质差异性。结果从湖南安化茯砖茶和其他不同地区5种黑茶中共鉴定出46种香气化合物,主要为醇类、酮类、醛类、芳香族类、萜烯类等;湖南安化茯砖茶香味物质以醇类、酮类和醛类为主,百分比含量分别达到43.74%、20.03%和12.83%,含量较高的成分是芳樟醇(34.67μg/L)、反式-β-紫罗兰酮(12.19μg/L)、己醛(6.07μg/L)和二氢猕猴桃内酯(4.97μg/L)。结论本研究进一步证实了湖南安化茯砖茶特有香味的主要香气成分是芳樟醇、反式-β-紫罗兰酮、己醛和二氢猕猴桃内酯等物质,为湖南安化茯砖茶的特征鉴别提供了一定的依据。

关键词： IgLON   Lsamp   Ntm   Opcml   Negr1   alternative promoter   cell adhesion molecules   embryonic mouse brain   pallium  

摘要： The members of the IgLON superfamily of cell adhesion molecules facilitate fundamental cellular communication during brain development, maintain functional brain circuitry, and are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disabilities. Usage of alternative promoter-specific 1a and 1b mRNA isoforms in Lsamp, Opcml, Ntm, and the single promoter of Negr1 in the mouse and human brain has been previously described. To determine the precise spatiotemporal expression dynamics of Lsamp, Opcml, Ntm isoforms, and Negr1, in the developing brain, we generated isoform-specific RNA probes and carried out in situ hybridization in the developing (embryonic, E10.5, E11.5, 13.5, 17;postnatal, P0) and adult mouse brains. We show that promoter-specific expression of IgLONs is established early during pallial development (at E10.5), where it remains throughout its differentiation through adulthood. In the diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain, strong expression patterns are initiated a few days later and begin fading after birth, being only faintly expressed during adulthood. Thus, the expression of specific IgLONs in the developing brain may provide the means for regionally specific functionality as well as for specific regional vulnerabilities. The current study will therefore improve the understanding of how IgLON genes are implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.

关键词： myelodysplastic syndrome   U2AF1   TET2   alternative splicing  

摘要： Mutations in splicing factors are recurrent somatic alterations identified in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and they frequently coincide with mutations in epigenetic factors. About 25% of patients present concurrent mutations in such pathways, suggesting a cooperative role in the pathogenesis of MDS. We focused on the splicing factor U2AF1 involved in the recognition of the 3 ' splice site during pre-mRNA splicing. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, we created heterozygous mice with a carboxy-terminal truncated U2af1 allele (U2af1(mut/+)), studied the U2af1(mut/+) hematopoietic system, and did not observe any gross differences in both young (12-13 weeks) and old (23 months) U2af1(mut/+) mice, except for a reduction in size of approximately 20%. However, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells lacked reconstitution capacity in transplantation assays and displayed an aberrant RNA splicing by RNA sequencing. We also evaluated U2af1(mut/+) in conjunction with Tet2-deficiency. Novel double mutant U2af1(mut/+) Tet2(-/-) mice showed increased monogranulocytic precursors. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were also enhanced and presented functional and transcriptomic alterations. Nonetheless, U2af1(mut/+) Tet2(-/-) mice did not succumb to MDS disease over a 6-month observation period. Collectively, our data suggest that cooperation between mutant U2af1 and Tet2 loss is not sufficient for MDS initiation in mice.

摘要： PurposeTo describe trajectories in level of supervision ratings for linked entrustable professional activities (EPAs) among pediatric learners in medical school, residency, fellowship. MethodThe authors performed secondary analyses of 3 linked datasets of level of supervision ratings for the Core EPAs for Entering Residency, the General Pediatrics EPAs, and the Subspecialty Pediatrics EPAs. After identifying 9 activities in common across training stages and aligning the level of entrustment-supervision scales across the datasets, piecewise ordinal and linear mixed effects models were fitted to characterize trajectories of supervision ratings. ResultsWithin each training period, learners were rated as needing less supervision over time in each activity. When transitioning from medical school to residency or during the first year of residency, learners were rated as needing greater supervision in activities related to patient management, teamwork, emergent care, and public health/QI than in earlier periods. When transitioning from residency to fellowship, learners were always rated as needing greater supervision than they had been accorded at the end of residency and sometimes even more than they had been accorded at the start of residency. ConclusionsAlthough development over training is often imagined as continuous and monotonically increasing competence, this study provides empirical evidence supporting the idea that entrustment is a set of discrete decisions. The relaxation of supervision in training is not a linear process. Even with a seamless curriculum, supervision is tightly bound to the training setting. Several explanations for these findings are discussed.