摘要： Daniels et al. (2021) and Jourdain et al. (2021) identify LUC7L2 as a component of the U1 snRNP capable of reprogramming cellular metabolism through changes in alternative pre-mRNA splicing.

关键词： OBS   PFOS alternative   Developmental toxicity   Zebrafish   Ciliary dysfunction  

摘要： In recent years, sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has emerged as a substitute for PFOS with large demand and application in the Chinese market. However, little is known about potential developmental effects of OBS. In this study, zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to different concentrations of OBS and the positive control PFOS for a comparative developmental toxicity assessment. OBS caused hatching delays, body axis curvature, neurobehavioral inhibition and abnormal cardiovascular development. These organismal effects were accompanied by change of development related genes expression profile, in which some cases were similar to PFOS. Overall, the toxic effects induced by OBS were generally milder than that of PFOS. Further investigation suggested that both OBS and PFOS disrupted ciliogenesis, evidenced by the ciliary immunostaining, changes in gene expression of kinesin family, dynein arm family and tubulin family members, as well as downregulation of the abundance of motor proteins including KIF3C, DYNC1H1 and DYNC1LI1. The influence of PFOS was stronger than that of OBS on ciliary genes and proteins. Molecular docking analysis revealed that both OBS and PFOS fitted into the motor proteins tightly, but binding affinity between OBS and motor proteins was lower than PFOS. Collectively, OBS and PFOS may act on ciliary motor proteins to interfere with ciliogenesis, leading to ciliary dysfunction and providing a novel probable action mode linked to developmental toxicity. This raises concerns regarding the health risks of the novel PFOS alternative OBS.

关键词： aided approaches   augmentative and alternative communication   comprehension   developmental disabilities   intervention   receptive language   unaided approaches  

摘要： For children with developmental disabilities and little or no functional speech, the effect of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions on the development of receptive language has been neglected in research. Purpose To map and synthesise research evidence of the effects that aided and unaided AAC interventions have on the receptive language of children with developmental disabilities. Method This scoping review used a four-pronged search strategy (electronic databases, dissertations and theses, hand search, ancestry searches) to identify germane studies. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies were described in terms of the number of participants, participant characteristics, research design, AAC interventions, intervention outcomes, intervention effects, and quality appraisal. Result The review revealed positive associations between aided and unaided AAC, vocabulary acquisition and symbol comprehension. Conclusion AAC interventions may have merit for the development of receptive language skills in children with developmental disabilities. Specific gaps in relation to unaided AAC, aided augmented input strategies, morphological and syntax development, and discourse comprehension are highlighted.

关键词： 解题技能   圆锥曲线   新课标高考   综合运用能力   章节知识   交会   知识点  

摘要： 注重在知识点交会处命题,侧重考查学生的综合运用能力,这是新课标高考的一个重要特征.基于此,充分关注圆锥曲线与其他各章节知识的交会,有利于提高学生对所学知识的灵活、综合运用能力,进一步提升解题技能.

关键词： 中学生物学   教育教学研究   复印报刊资料   研究热点  

摘要： 对2020年人大复印报刊资料《中学政治及其他各科教与学》转栽的生物学教育教学研究论文,从来源期刊、作者、研究主题、项目支持等方面进行统计分析,归纳总结中学生物学教育教学研究热点及发展动态。

关键词： 职务犯罪   其他违法所得   认定标准   表现形式   处置程序  

摘要： 惩治职务犯罪既包括对"人"的处理也包括对"物"的处置。长期以来,刑事司法实践中普遍存在着"重定罪量刑、轻财物处置"的错误观念,这在职务犯罪领域非常突出,会导致大量违法犯罪所得轶失,严重损害国家利益和反腐公信力。在认定职务犯罪违法所得的涵摄范围上,应采"广义说",即不仅包括犯罪所得,还包括游离于巨额财产来源不明罪之外的违法所得、达不到刑事证明标准的违法所得、达不到入罪数额的违法所得、职务违法所得甚至违纪所得等"其他违法所得"。只有这样,才能织就"任何人不得因自身的不法获得利益"的严密法网。在认定"其他违法所得"时,实体上应采用"相当因果关系说",程序上应采用民事证明的优势证据规则。对于正在审理中的职务犯罪案件,"其他违法所得"的处置程序采现有的"附带性对物之诉"即可,对于案件已决后新发现的"其他违法所得",可依参照现有的"特别没收程序"所改造的"准特别没收程序"来解决。优化纪检监察机关的办案理念和工作机制对确保违法所得的应收尽收至关重要。要发挥司法裁判"最后一道防线"的作用,在财产刑适用、列明违法所得处置主体和处置方式、作"兜底"式判决等方面,进行积极探索和尝试。

关键词： bile acids   gut microbiota   alternative pathway   metabolic diseases  

摘要： The gut microbiota is profoundly involved in glucose and lipid metabolism,in part by regulating bile acid(BA)metabolism and affecting multiple BA-receptor signaling *** are synthesized in the liver by multi-step reactions catalyzed via two distinct routes,the classical pathway(producing the 12α-hydroxylated primary BA,cholic acid),and the alternative pathway(producing the non-12α-hydroxylated primary BA,chenodeoxycholic acid).BA synthesis and excretion is a major pathway of cholesterol and lipid catabolism,and thus,is implicated in a variety of metabolic diseases including obesity,insulin resistance,and nonalcoholic fatty liver ***,both oxysterols and BAs function as signaling molecules that activate multiple nuclear and membrane receptor-mediated signaling pathways in various tissues,regulating glucose,lipid homeostasis,inflammation,and energy *** BA synthesis and composition to regulate BA signaling is an interesting and novel direction for developing therapies for metabolic *** this review,we summarize the most recent findings on the role of BA synthetic pathways,with a focus on the role of the alternative pathway,which has been under-investigated,in treating hyperglycemia and fatty liver *** also discuss future perspectives to develop promising pharmacological strategies targeting the alternative BA synthetic pathway for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

关键词： Alternative plasticizers   PEs   Human biomonitoring   Estimated daily intake   Exposure biomarkers   Flanders  

摘要： Restrictions on the use of legacy phthalate esters (PEs) as plasticizer chemicals in several consumer products has led to the increased use of alternative plasticizers (APs), such as di-(iso-nonyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP). In the fourth cycle of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS IV, 2016-2020), we monitored exposure to seven PEs (diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP, di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), and di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP))and three APs (DINCH, DEHTP, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA)) by measuring multiple biomarkers in urine of 416 adolescents from Flanders, Belgium (14-15 years old). The reference values show that exposure to PEs is still widespread, although levels of several PE metabolites (e.g., sum of DEHP metabolites, mono-normal-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP)) have decreased significantly compared to previous human biomonitoring cycles (2003-2018). On the other hand, metabolites of DINCH and DEHTP were detected in practically every participant. Concentrations of AP exposure biomarkers in urine were generally lower than PE metabolites, but calculations of estimated daily intakes (EDIs) showed that exposure to DINCH and DEHTP can be considerable. However, preliminary risk assessment showed that none of the EDI or urinary exposure levels of APs exceeded the available health-based guidance values, while a very low number of participants had levels of MiBP and MnBP exceeding the HBM value. Several significant determinants of exposure could be identified from multiple regression models: the presence of building materials containing PVC, ventilation habits, socioeconomic status and season were all associated with PE and AP biomarker levels. Cumulatively, the results of FLEHS IV show that adolescents in Flanders, Belgium, are exposed to a wide range of