关键词： Norovirus   Genetic diversity   Argentina   Developing countries  

摘要： In developing countries, the acute gastroenteritis outbreaks submitted for viral testing are limited due to deficient surveillance programs. The aim of this study was to analyze a passive surveillance strategy for monitoring the molecular epidemiology of norovirus (NV) and counterbalance the genetic diversity data gap. Laboratory-confirmed rotavirus negative sporadic stool samples (N = 523) collected between 2010 and 2017 from children were selected from our archival collection and were tested for NV and sequencing was performed on the positive samples. Passive surveillance information was compared with the genetic diversity data that was available from local norovirus-confirmed gastroenteritis outbreaks. Each year, norovirus detection in the sporadic samples ranged from 12 to 29%. GI and GII norovirus were detected in 7 (1.3%) and 101 (19.3%) of the specimens, respectively. Four GI and six GII capsid genotypes were identified. Six out of 9 strains detected in the NV outbreaks panel were also identified in the set of sporadic samples either coincidently in the same year, the previous or the later year. Also, this set of samples depicted even better the circulating epidemic strain. Thus, implementing norovirus testing and genotyping in stool samples collected with other purposes represent a suitable strategy for providing genetic diversity information. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

摘要： BACKGROUND Reducing pain and minimising the use of opioids after caesarean section are crucial to enhancing maternal recovery and promoting mother-newborn interaction. Various techniques have been implemented to improve analgesia. We compared the analgesic efficacy of posteromedial quadratus lumborum block with that of wound infiltration following elective caesarean section. OBJECTIVE We hypothesised that within a multimodal analgesia approach, posteromedial quadratus lumborum block would, due to its potential to relieve visceral pain, result in a 15% reduction in 24-h postoperative opioid consumption compared with wound infiltration. DESIGN A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study. SETTING A single-centre study between August 2019 and May 2020. PATIENTS One hundred and sixteen women were randomly allocated into two groups. In the quadratus lumborum group, 20 ml 0.9% saline was injected into the surgical wound followed by bilateral posteromedial quadratus lumborum block using 20 ml 0.25% levobupivacaine per side. In the wound infiltration group, 20 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine was injected into the surgical wound followed by a bilateral posteromedial quadratus lumborum injection with 20 ml 0.9% saline per side. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was opioid (piritramide) consumption at 24 h. Secondary outcomes were piritramide consumption at 48 h, time-to-first analgesic request, pain scores at rest and with movement, surgery-to-first-ambulation time, surgery-to-breastfeeding time, sedation, pruritus and complications. RESULTS Piritramide consumption in 24 h was significantly lower with posteromedial quadratus lumborum block (1.5 +/- 1.8 mg) than with wound infiltration (2.2 +/- 1.7 mg) (P = 0.04), mean difference of -0.7 mg, (95% CI -1.3 to -0.03). In those who required piritramide, time-to-first analgesic request was significantly longer with posteromedial quadratus lumborum block 11 [7 to 14] h, than with wound infiltration 7 [5 to 11] h

摘要： BACKGROUND During inhalational induction of anaesthesia for children, severe respiratory events can occur but can be rapidly treated once intravenous access is in place. Reducing the time to successful cannulation during inhalational induction for children with poor vein visibility would improve safety. OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of a near-infrared (NIR) vascular imaging device (Veinviewer) to facilitate intravenous cannulation. DESIGN A prospective, multicentre, randomised, open clinical trial. SETTING The operating rooms of three paediatric hospitals in Paris, France, from 1 October 2012 to 31 March 2016. PATIENTS Children up to the age of 7 years, with poor vein visibility requiring general anaesthesia. INTERVENTION Inhalational anaesthesia was initiated and intravenous cannulation was performed with the standard approach or with the Veinviewer Vision. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the time to successful intravenous cannulation. A secondary outcome was the proportion of successful first attempts. RESULTS The mean time to successful intravenous cannulation was 200 (95% CI, 143 to 295) seconds in the Veinviewer and 252 (95% CI, 194 to 328) seconds for the control group: hazard ratio 1.28 (1.02 to 1.60) (P = 0.03). The adjusted hazard ratio for known predictive factors was 1.25 (0.99 to 1.56) (P = 0.06). Success at the first attempt was 64.6% (102/158) in the 'Veinviewer' group vs. 55.6% (85/153) in the 'control' group (P = 0.10). CONCLUSION The Veinviewer has limited value in reducing the time to successful intravenous cannulation during inhalational anaesthesia for young children with poor vein visibility. However, there is a strong trend to reducing the delay in some cases and, given its absence of side effects, it could be part of a rescue option for a difficult venous-access strategy.

摘要： [...]laboratory and imaging studies can usually identify other causes of chronic N & V that mimic GP (e.g., pancreatitis, hepatitis, and celiac artery compression syndrome; Table 3).Table 2. [...]a recent large meta-analysis reported that, when optimally measured, there is a relationship between delayed GE and symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and early satiety) in some patients, although the effect size was not large. A prospective survey study of patients with FD demonstrated that symptom scores, using the validated GP Cardinal Symptom Index questionnaire, were only slightly lower than in GP patients (8). [...]although GP and FD can be considered part of the same disease spectrum of gastric sensorimotor dysfunction, patients with typical symptoms (Table 4) and a mild delay in emptying should be characterized as having FD, not GP. Key mistakes include not stopping medications that affect GE; not measuring blood glucose levels; using a nonstandardized meal (i.e., oatmeal); and not performing a 4-hour scan (Table 5).

关键词： 当代艺术思潮   其他领域   关联   影响  

摘要： 艺术思潮这个词汇的出现,是人类发展到高级阶段的产物.艺术的雏形是人类劳动、模仿、游戏等活动的伴生物,在满足人类生存需要的同时,出现了艺术的影子,随着人类不断进化和发展,艺术也越来越展示出它的存在价值与作用,当艺术融化在人类日常生活中不可割裂开时,各个领域里都必然裹挟着艺术的氛围.艺术表现着生活、美化着生活、引领着生活,人类就像不可缺乏氧气般的不能脱离艺术气息.

关键词： Applied and Technical Physics   Theoretical   Mathematical and Computational Physics   Complex Systems   Condensed Matter Physics   Atomic   Molecular   Optical and Plasma Physics  

摘要： We have discussed here a higher dimensional cosmological model and explained the recent acceleration with a Chaplygin type of gas. Dimensional reduction of extra space is possible in this case. Our solutions are general in nature because all the well known results of 4D Chaplygin driven cosmology are recovered when d = 0. We have drawn the best fit graph using the data obtained by the differential age method and it is seen that the graph favours only one extra dimension. That means the Chaplygin gas is apparently dominated by a 5D world. Relevant to point out that the final equation in this case are highly nonlinear in nature. Naturally it is not possible to obtain explicit solution of the 4D scale factor with time. To circumvent this difficulty, we consider a first order approximation of the key equation which has made it possible to get time explicit solution of 4D scale factor in exact form as well as the expression of extra dimensions. It may be pointed out that for large four dimensional scale factor this solution mimics ACDM model. An analysis of flip time is also studied both analytically and graphically in some detail. It clearly shows that early flip occurs for higher dimensions. It is also seen that the rate of dimensional reduction is faster for higher dimensions. So we may conclude that the effect of compactification of extra dimension helps the acceleration.

关键词： Chromium nitride   Sputtering   Minting dies   Nano-impact   Fatigue  

摘要： Aiming to improve the protection of human health and the environment, REACH regulation was enforced across European Union, accelerating the need to find alternative solutions to the electrodeposition processes of hexavalent chromium employed in several industrial applications. Electroplated chromium coatings are widely used due to their physical and mechanical properties that allow a longer service life of products that usually fail due to wear. Minting is one of those applications where good mechanical and tribological properties are required and where hard chromium has an important usage without being outmatched by other coatings. This study presents the development of an alternative coating to hard chromium with outstanding mechanical properties, in particular high resistance to cyclic loads. Cr(Al,Si)N coatings have been produced by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. Focusing on mechanical properties, an increase in the hardness was observed with the consecutive addition of elements to the base matrix (CrN), ranging from approximate to 10 GPa in CrN coatings up to approximate to 17 GPa for the CrAlSiN coatings. In nano-impact tests, CrAlN coatings had the best performance and no crack events by fatigue were observed by SEM after 50 impacts, with load maximum 20mN, with an estimated maximum contact pressure of 1.5 GPa much higher than the one requested for coinage. The fatigue wear was governed by the H/E ratio and plasticity index showing that Cr(Al,Si)N coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering can be considered excellent candidates for cyclic loading, as in minting applications.

关键词： Bark   Ionic liquids   Extraction   Flavonoids   Energetic analysis  

摘要： Tree barks are rich in extractive compounds, among which the flavonoids are considered as products of interest. Due to the increase in the demand for these natural products, the development of efficient and sustainable extraction processes is needed. This work aimed to study the selective extraction of flavonoids from Larix decidua bark using an environmentally friendly process. For this purpose, different extraction techniques as well as different solvents were used in order to achieve the highest flavonoid content. The characterisation results revealed improvements in extraction yield not only with the use of intensification processes, but also with the use of ionic liquids as solvents with a proven selectivity for flavonoids. [C4C1im]Br and [C4C1im][BF4] considerably improved the total flavonoid content in comparison with the other extraction methods. The antioxidant capacities of all the extracts obtained were very high, confirming their potential for different applications. The [C4C1im]Br (25 wt%) was selected as the best solvent not only because of its good flavonoid extraction ability, but also because of the good antioxidant properties of the extract, and simultaneous microwave-ultrasound assisted extraction was the most energy saving process.

关键词： 头孢菌素类药物   联合   其他药物   不良反应   对策  

摘要： 目的 分析头孢菌素类药物联合其他药物所致的不良反应及相应对策.方法 将2019年3月至2010年3月期间在我院使用头孢菌素类药物联合其他药物进行治疗之后出现不良反应的90例病患作为本次研究的研究对象.结果 年龄高于六十岁的病患治疗后发生不良反应的概率为52.64％,第三代头孢菌素类药物发生不良反应的概率为47.92％,出现不良反应的原因为联合用药不当,主要的不良反应为神经系统反应.结论 在临床治疗中使用头孢菌素类药物对病患进行治疗,应当提前对其适应症进行充分的了解,同时考虑病患的年龄等相关因素,继而确保用药治疗的安全性,降低不良反应发生的概率.

关键词： HO1   alternative polyadenylation   adipogenesis   microRNAs  

摘要： Appropriately increasing intramuscular fat content can help improve meat quality, so it is necessary to explore the internal molecular mechanism of preadipocyte differentiation. The role of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) in cell oxidative stress, energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and differentiation has gradually been revealed. Here, we used 3'RACE to identify the full-length 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of HO1 and found that a very short 3'UTR variant was produced by alternative polyadenylation (APA). HO1 with a long 3'UTR variant was identified as a direct target of miR155-5P and miR377-3P. Our experimental results verified the inhibitory effect of HO1 on preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, our research confirms that by escaping microRNA inhibitory effects, the HO1 3'UTR short variant produced by APA has a higher level of expression. Thus, the HO1 3'UTR short variant has a stronger inhibitory effect on the preadipocyte differentiation than the HO1 3'UTR long variants in 3T3-L1.