关键词： Wallerian degeneration   chronic pain   nerve block   spermatic cord  

摘要： Purpose: The primary aim of our study was to evaluate relief of chronic scrotal content pain after a series of spermatic cord blocks with a combination of local anesthetic and a steroid. Secondary aims were to assess factors associated with a positive response and *** and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent spermatic cord block series for chronic scrotal content pain at our practice between 2012 and 2019. Pain scores were compared before and after treatment using an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. We performed univariate analysis to assess differences between responders and nonresponders, and the relationship between symptom duration and response was analyzed by rank-order ***: We included 44 men with chronic scrotal content pain present for a median duration of 24 months who underwent a spermatic cord block series. At a median followup of 16 months, 31 patients (70.5%) experienced sustained relief, including 9 patients (20.5%) with complete resolution of pain. There were no differences between responders and nonresponders in terms of symptom duration, perceived etiology, or previous treatments, and there was no association between response and duration of pain. Minor complications occurred in 5 cases (11.4%).Conclusions: Spermatic cord block series is a safe, minimally invasive treatment for men with refractory chronic scrotal content pain. Response to cord block series appears to be independent of symptom duration, perceived etiology or prior medical and surgical treatments. Future studies should be conducted to evaluate long-term durability and predictors of success.(C) 2021 by the American Urological Association, Inc.

摘要： Motivation: The developmental process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is abnormally activated during breast cancer metastasis. Transcriptional regulatory networks that control EMT have been well studied;however, alternative RNA splicing plays a vital regulatory role during this process and the regulating mechanism needs further exploration. Because of the huge cost and complexity of biological experiments, the underlying mechanisms of alternative splicing (AS) and associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate the EMT process remain largely unknown. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop computational methods for predicting potential RBP-AS event associations during EMT. Results: We developed a novel model for RBP-AS target prediction during EMT that is based on inductive matrix completion (RAIMC). Integrated RBP similarities were calculated based on RBP regulating similarity, and RBP Gaussian interaction profile (GIP) kernel similarity, while integrated AS event similarities were computed based on AS event module similarity and AS event GIP kernel similarity. Our primary objective was to complete missing or unknown RBP-AS event associations based on known associations and on integrated RBP and AS event similarities. In this paper, we identify significant RBPs for AS events during EMT and discuss potential regulating mechanisms. Our computational results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of our model over other state-of-the-art methods. Our RAIMC model achieved AUC values of 0.9587 and 0.9765 based on leave-one-out cross-validation (CV) and 5-fold CV, respectively, which are larger than the AUC values from the previous models. RAIMC is a general matrix completion framework that can be adopted to predict associations between other biological entities. We further validated the prediction performance of RAIMC on the genes CD44 and MAP3K7. RAIMC can identify the related regulating RBPs for isoforms of these two genes.

关键词： Children   COVID-19   Imaging   Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children   Radiology  

摘要： Rationale and Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate imaging findings in multisystem inflammatory disease in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C). Materials and Methods: The radiological imaging findings of 45 pediatric patients aged between 52 days and 16 years, who were diagnosed with MIS-C according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, were evaluated. All the patients underwent chest X-ray and echocardiography. The findings obtained from 25 abdominal radiographs, 24 abdominal US, 7 abdominal CT, 16 thorax CT, 21 cranial MRI and one spinal MRI, MR cholangiography (MRCP) and cardiac MRI examinations were categorized and evaluated according to the affected systems. Results: While the most common findings in chest X-ray were perihilar opacity and peribronchial thickening, pleural effusion was the most finding in thorax CT. Echocardiography findings of myocarditis were observed in 31% of the cases. The most common findings in abdominal radiological evaluation were hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, edema in the gallbladder wall and periportal area, mesenteric lymph nodes in the right lower quadrant, thickening of the intestinal walls, and free fluid. Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) was the most common neurological finding. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like lesions, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encepha-lomyelitis, and radiological findings consistent with Guillain-Barre syndrome were found in one case each. Conclusion: Radiological findings seen in MIS-C in pediatric cases are correlated with the affected system. According to the system involved, there is no specific finding for this disease. Radiological findings are not the primary diagnostic tool but can assist in the evaluation of the affected systems and to guide treatment.

摘要： Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These articles not only chronicle nursing's growth as a profession within the context of the events of the day, but also reveal prevailing societal attitudes about women, health care, and human rights. Today's nursing school curricula rarely include nursing's history, but it's a history worth knowing. To this end, From the AJN Archives highlights articles selected to fit today's topics and *** month's article, from the September 1910 issue, is a tribute to Florence Nightingale after her August 1910 death at age 90. It's likely that this was a “stop the presses” moment in the early years of AJN, with staff rushing to ensure that the news appeared in the first issue following her *** writer of this brief commentary—more a eulogy than an obituary—stresses that Nightingale was not a one-dimensional angelic figure. She was a reformer: “The first thinker and writer of her times on hygiene, on hospital and training-school administration, on private and hospital nursing methods, and on the care of the sick poor in their own homes.”In the October issue that year, AJN continued its tribute to Nightingale with detailed descriptions of the funeral procession, the many floral tributes from around the world, and the memorial service at St. Paul's Cathedral in London that was open to the public.

关键词： Alien species   Biodiversity models   Environmental scenarios   Future narratives   Global environmental change   Impacts   Management  

摘要： Scenario analysis has emerged as a key tool to analyze complex and uncertain future socio-ecological developments. However, currently existing global scenarios (narratives of how the world may develop) have neglected biological invasions, a major threat to biodiversity and the economy. Here, we use a novel participatory process to develop a diverse set of global biological invasion scenarios spanning a wide range of plausible global futures through to 2050. We adapted the widely used "two axes" scenario analysis approach to develop four families of four scenarios each, resulting in 16 scenarios that were later clustered into four contrasting sets of futures. Our analysis highlights that socioeconomic developments and technological innovation have the potential to shape biological invasions, in addition to well-known drivers, such as climate and human land use change and global trade. Our scenarios partially align with the shared socioeconomic pathways created by the climate change research community. Several factors that drive differences in biological invasions were underrepresented in the shared socioeconomic pathways;in particular, the implementation of biosecurity policies. We argue that including factors related to public environmental awareness and technological and trade development in global scenarios and models is essential to adequately consider biological invasions in global environmental assessments and thereby obtain a more integrative picture of future social-ecological developments.

关键词： Antibody   Bovine tuberculosis   Cattle   Mycobacterium bovis   Serodiagnosis   Wildlife  

摘要： Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control programs can be improved by implementation of advanced ante-mortem testing algorithms. Serodiagnostic methods using traditional blood or blood-derived specimens may benefit from the use of less invasive alternative biological fluids, provided those mirror systemic antibody responses. In the present study, we used Dual Path Platform (DPP) and Multiantigen Print Immunoassay (MAPIA) to compare antibody levels in ten sample types including whole blood (fresh and hemolyzed), plasma (fresh and leftover from Bovigam testing), serum, saliva, broncho-alveolar lavage, urine, diaphragm extract, and bile collected from cattle aerosol-infected with Mycobacterium bovis. High correlation (r = 0.97-0.99) in measurements of IgG antibodies to MPB70/MPB83 fusion antigen by DPP assay was found between all blood-derived specimens, supporting matrix equivalency. Broncho-alveolar lavage and diaphragm extract yielded positive results in all the infected animals tested, showing high correlation with matching serum data (r = 0.94 and r = 0.95, respectively) and suggesting their potential use in antibody assays. Characterized by MAPIA, the antigen reactivity patterns obtained with paired sera and alternative specimens were nearly identical, with slight differences in intensity. Antibodies were also found by DPP assay in saliva, urine, and bile from some of the infected animals, but the titers were relatively low, thus reducing the diagnostic value of such specimens. The proposed approach was evaluated in a pilot field study on warthogs diagnosed with M. bovis infection. Relative levels of antibody in tissue fluid obtained from lymph nodes or lungs were consistent with those detected in sera and detectable in all infected warthogs. The findings support the diagnostic utility of non-traditional biological fluids and tissue samples when used as alternative test specimens in serologic assays for bTB.

关键词： Indianmeal moth   Flour moth   Botanical insecticidal volatile   Microencapsulation   Controlled release  

摘要： Pyrethroids are the insecticides most commonly used inside traps, and the lack of alternatives poses the risk of pests developing resistance. In this paper we present two (E)-anethole formulations (spray drying (SD) and oil emulsion entrapment (OEE) processes) that provide a controlled release of their bioactive ingredient in the vapour phase with insecticidal potential in funnel traps. An experiment with the two pyralid moths Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Plodia interpunctella Hiibner was set up at two pilot stores in Spain for a four-month period. The microspheres (4 g of SD powder/trap or 6 g of OEE beads/trap) remained effective for 100 days, killing the moths by volatile activity. The efficacy values were within the interval of 70-100% for the first half of the experiment, with a decrease afterwards. The OEE beads performed better than did SD powder in the long run: over 80% efficacy for the whole experiment. The OEE process gives more loading capacity (19.7 g of (E)-anethole per 100 g of beads) and entrapment efficiency (28.6 g of (E)-anethole encapsulated per 100 g of (E)-anethole added) and is slower in releasing the product. In a laboratory study for E. kuehniella, the LC50 was 58.2 mg/L for SD after 24 h exposure to vapours and 111.6 mg/L for OEE after 48 h exposure to vapours. Therefore, the SD powder provides a quicker release of the bioactive ingredient. The results indicate that encapsulated (E)-anethole could be a promising insecticide for mass trapping, mating disruption and attract and kill strategies.

摘要： Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.