关键词： Androgenic alopecia   Complementary medicine   Alternative treatment   Hair transplant   hair loss  

摘要： Purpose of Review Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of non-scarring alopecia, affecting millions of men and women in the United States (U.S.). This review highlights alternative and complementary treatment options for AGA. Recent Findings The treatment regimens for AGA have increased in pharmacotherapeutics, surgical, and complementary (CAM) categories. Each of the different treatment approaches can now be utilized by dermatologists to combat patient hair loss. Summary The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved only two agents to treat AGA: prescription-only, oral finasteride and over-the-counter (OTC), topical minoxidil. Increased availability of therapies claiming hair regrowth properties, coupled with limited pharmacotherapeutic options for AGA, lead patients to seek alternative treatments. Increased awareness of the current evidence supporting complementary and alternative therapies among dermatologists will facilitate appropriate and timely education of AGA patients.

关键词： AEC   Mixed reality   Hybrid reality   Virtual reality   Prototyping   Design evaluation  

摘要： Alternative reality (XR) tools are becoming more commonplace in the realm of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC);however, these digitally immersive technologies vary greatly in their degree of virtuality and individual capabilities. While many studies detail the performance of one specific XR technology for a particular use case, little work exists comparing numerous modern XR technologies in a side-by-side manner for a single use case. In this work, we construct four equal-fidelity, alternative reality environments for the application of spacecraft habitat design evaluation, starting with a baseline habitat mockup constructed in physical reality (PR). Three digital environments-augmented reality, hybrid reality (HR), and virtual reality-were modeled after the PR environment and developed in parallel. The implementation of each environment was carefully documented, along with relative strengths and weaknesses associated with both development and use. Additionally, we have developed a novel HR implementation that includes realistic and intuitive haptics, hand tracking, a fully virtual audiovisual scene, and responsive habitat elements, all wirelessly synched with a game engine and spatially synched with the PR environment. In sum, this work serves as a resource for those considering XR technologies for any variety of applications, particularly in AEC disciplines.

关键词： Reverse genetics   Transfection   Fish virus   Rhabdovirus   BHK-21  

摘要： Several reverse genetics systems for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) have been developed over the last decade. These systems have been based on genotype Ia, IVa and IVb isolates and have used the fish cell line EPC, which is less susceptible to some VHSV isolates belonging to genotype I and genotypes II and III. While developing a reverse genetics system in our laboratories for VHSV genotype Ib, we realized that the isolate in interest (SE SVA 1033 9C) did not grow in EPC cells and it was necessary to adapt the reverse genetics protocols to the BF-2 fish cell line. This cell line is very sensitive to high temperatures and is therefore not compatible with the original protocols based on the use of recombinant vaccinia virus (vTF7-3) as a provider of the T7 RNA polymerase (T7-RNAP) to the system, which includes incubation periods at 37 ?C. Transfection efficiency was assessed in BF-2 cells using a reporter plasmid and it showed to be highest when using LipofectamineTM 3000 compared to other transfection reagents. A luciferase assay was performed to determine the optimal activity of T7-RNAP in BF-2 cells with different amounts of vTF7-3. We successfully recovered recombinant VHSV (rVHSV) in BF-2 cells by reducing the incubation time at 37 ?C after transfection to both 3 and 6 h. Another strategy we attempted successfully was to transfect mammalian BHK-21 cells, which are routinely used to propagate vTF7-3, and after the 37 ?C incubation period, a BF-2 cell suspension was added hypothesizing that the virions formed in the transfected mammalian cells would infect the subsequently added fish cells at 15 ?C incubation over the following days. We have successfully recovered rVHSV from both BHK-21 with a BF-2 cells suspension as well as a new protocol for VHSV reverse genetics in BF-2 cells has been established.

关键词： busulfan   dried plasma spots   oral fluid   therapeutic drug monitoring  

摘要： Background: Busulfan (BU) is an alkylating agent with a narrow therapeutic index and high intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability used in conditioning therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Monitoring BU exposure during high-dose conditioning regimens is recommended and positively impacts outcomes. We aimed to develop, validate, and apply a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS assay to measure BU concentrations in oral fluid and dried plasma spots (DPS) as alternative matrices to plasma. Methods: We prepared plasma and oral fluid samples by protein precipitation and DPS after liquid extraction. We analyzed extracts using an LC-MS/MS system with an Acquity HSS T3 column in the positive electrospray ionization mode. The method was validated and applied to 79 paired plasma and oral fluid samples from 7 patients on BU conditioning treatment. DPS were prepared by pipetting plasma onto Whatman 903 paper. The correlation between BU in plasma, oral fluid, and DPS samples was evaluated. Results: Run time was 4.0 minutes. The assay was linear at 50-5000 ng mL(-1) (r > 0.99), precise (1.9%-5.3% oral fluid and 1.8%-5.9% DPS), and accurate (98.1%-108.9% oral fluid and 93%-103.1% DPS). BU was stable in DPS at 23 degrees C for 24 hours. BU levels in oral fluid (r = 0.927) and DPS (r = 0.982) were significantly correlated with plasma. Despite the good correlation, we found a wide variation between oral fluid and plasma levels. The area under curves (AUCs) calculated with oral fluid concentrations were 79.1%-167.1% of plasma AUCs. Bland-Altman plots found a better agreement for DPS, with AUCs estimated from corrected DPS levels at 83.1%-114.1% of plasma values. Conclusions: We developed and validated a simple and fast ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS assay to measure BU in oral fluid and DPS. The results do not support the use of oral fluid as a matrix for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of BU. The AUC estimat

摘要： OBJECTIVES To describe outcomes of reservoir placement, exchange, and extraction from the lateral retroperitoneum (LR) in complex patients with a three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients that underwent placement of an IPP from 2009 to 2019. Patients with placement of the reservoir in the LR were identified. Intraoperative complications during reservoir placement, exchange, or removal, reservoir-related outcomes, and secondary device-related outcomes were collated and compared to patients who underwent traditional Space of Retzius reservoir placement. RESULTS A total of 587 men underwent primary IPP placement with 321 patients undergoing reservoir placement in the SOR and 266 in the LR. No significant differences were found in intra-operative reservoir-related outcomes (P=.272) between the 2 groups during placement, replacement, or extraction. Bowel injury occurred in 1 patient in the LR group during placement. No significant differences were found in postoperative reservoir complications (P=.534). Both groups each had one instance of patient reported bulge and pain at reservoir site (P=.6777). Two (0.6%) patients in the SOR group and 3 (1.1%) patients in the LR group had a reservoir failure or leak. There was a trend towards a lower rate of device infections in the LR group (1.9%) compared to the SOR group (4.7%) (P=.063). There were no significant differences in overall device mechanical failure rates between both groups (P=.919). CONCLUSIONS Reservoir placement in the LR is safe in patients with complex pelvic anatomy with equivalent device durability and no difference in surgical outcomes compared to standard retropubic reservoir placement. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Augmentation genioplasty   chin deficiency   third molar  

摘要： Purpose: Augmentation genioplasty corrects vertical chin deficiency. To stabilize the synthesis and to allow ossification, a biomaterial prop is necessary. Third molars are frequently removed during orthognathic surgery and provides good material used as autogenous grafts. Surgical Technique: This article describes the surgical technique of an augmentation genioplasty using a third molar as a prop biomaterial. Results are stable in time. This technique presents no risk of infection and is less invasive than other autogenous bone graft. Conclusions: third molar can be used as a prop biomaterial in augmentation genioplasty

关键词： Depressants   Froth flotation   DCMT depressant   Organic depressant   Chalcopyrite   Molybdenite  

摘要： The use of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) in most of the operations in by-product molybdenum flotation comes with safety concerns and, in some instances, a high reagent cost. Engineered solutions at the various operations where NaHS is used have reduced the possibility of H2S gas evolution immensely. However, the threat of exposure remains, and this, coupled with the high dosages of NaHS consumed, supports the continued search for alternative depressants. This paper focuses on efforts to study the applicability of disodium carboxymethyl trithiocarbonate (DCMT), an organic depressant, as an alternative to NaHS. Bench-scale rougher flotation results for samples from the Sierrita Cu-Mo plant showed the best DCMT performance at 8 kg/t of DCMT and pH=10.5 with 30 min of shear conditioning and 10 min of flotation conditioning time. The Aminpro plant model simulation confirmed that DCMT with 4-8 kg/t under certain shearing and conditioning times achieved superior or equivalent Mo-Cu separation efficiencies when compared to NaHS.

关键词： MIS-C   multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children   Echocardiography   Cardiovascular magnetic resonance   Brain magnetic resonance  

摘要： Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) recently reported in a minority of children affected by SARS-CoV-2, mimics Kawasaki disease (KD), a medium vessel vasculitis of unknown cause. In contrast to acute COVID-19 infection, which is usually mild in children, 68% of patients with MIS-C will need intensive care unit. Myocarditis and coronary artery ectasia/aneurysm are included between the main cardiovascular complications in MIS-C. Therefore, close clinical assessment is need it both at diagnosis and during follow-up. Echocardiography is the cornerstone modality for myocardial function and coronary artery evaluation in the acute phase. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) detects diffuse myocardial inflammation including oedema/fibrosis, myocardial perfusion and coronary arteries anatomy during the convalescence and in adolescents, where echocardiography may provide inadequate images. Brain involvement in MIS-C is less frequent compared to cardiovascular disease. However, it is not unusual and should be monitored by clinical evaluation and brain magnetic resonance (MRI), as we still do not know its effect in brain development. Brain MRI in MIS-C shows T2-hyperintense lesions associated with restricted diffusion and bilateral thalamic lesions. To conclude, MIS-C is a multisystem disease affecting many vital organs, such as heart and brain. Clinical awareness, application of innovative, high technology imaging modalities and advanced treatment protocols including supportive and anti-inflammatory medication will help physicians to prevent the dreadful complications of MIS-C.

关键词： HIV   Self-testing   COVID-19   Testing technology   Prevention   Sexual health  

摘要： Purpose of Review With the onset of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in-person human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is no longer easily accessible. Therefore, alternative testing technologies must be considered and implemented on a large scale to continue prevention efforts. This review seeks to describe the benefits of utilizing at-home HIV testing technologies, traditionally deemed an alternative form of testing. Recent Findings Utilizing at-home testing technology during the COVID-19 pandemic overcomes novel and previously identified barriers to HIV testing. Ensuring access to HIV testing is imperative to long-term prevention goals. With the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative in the USA targeting achievement by 2030, obstacles to HIV testing must be addressed to ensure its success. Implementing alternative testing technology more broadly allows for continued prevention efforts for HIV in light of COVID era restrictions.