关键词： Alternative reproductive tactics   Delayed implantation   European badger   Mating strategies   Sex steroids   Superfoetation  

摘要： Selection-pressures differ with population density, but few studies investigate how this can affect reproductive physiology. European badger (Meles meles) density varies from solitary to group-living across their range, with reported mating periods throughout the entire year to specific seasonal periods. Badger reproduction is evolutionarily distinct, interrupting the direct progression from conception to gestation with delayed implantation (DI), allowing for superfecundation (SF). To establish the tactical mating flexibility afforded by DI*SF, we used cross-sectional population-level seasonal variation of circulating sex-steroids for 97 females from a high-density population. Oestradiol was highest in spring among non-parous females, then lower in summer, and remained low during following seasons, suggesting that the mating period was restricted to just spring. Oestrone was consistently higher than oestradiol;it was elevated in spring, lowest during summer, peaked in autumn, and remained elevated for pregnant females in winter. This suggests that oestrone sustains pre-implanted blastocysts throughout DI. Progesterone was low throughout, except during winter pregnancy, associated with implantation and luteal development. In contrast to multiple mating periods reported by lower-density studies, our oestradiol data suggest that, at high-density, females exhibit only one mating period (congruent with testosterone patterns in males studied previously in this same population). While additional mating periods during DI enhance fertility assurance at low-density, at high-density, we propose that when coitus is frequent, fertilisation is assured, precluding the need for further cycles and associated mating risks. This endocrinologically flexible DI*SF mating strategy likely represents a form of balancing selection, allowing badgers to succeed at a range of regional densities.

关键词： 错误   有错   剧本   演员   舞台  

摘要： 舞台上出现的一些错误,虽然出自演员之口,但毛病却出在编剧,演员是按剧本表演,剧怎么写的我就怎么演。但话又说回来,如果演员能及时发现剧本有错,及时改正,这样的错误也不会出现在舞台上。

关键词： 生效法律文书   仲裁委员会   房屋所有权   被申请人   生效判决   注销登记   征收补偿   复议机关  

摘要： 案例某房屋原产权人为甲。1981年,乙公司经批准征用涉案房屋所在地块。因甲拒绝接受房屋征收补偿,1983年,法院审理认为甲对涉案房屋的所有权已终止,判决甲应迁出涉案房屋。后甲多次就上述生效判决提出申诉,均被驳回。因甲未申请涉案房屋的所有权注销登记,2018年,乙公司向登记机构申请注销甲对涉案房屋享有的所有权证。登记机构予以核准注销登记,并向甲作出《告知书》,告知其涉案房屋已办理注销登记的相关情况。丙(甲的继承人之一)不服注销登记,先后提起行政复议及行政诉讼。复议机关认为,乙公司作为涉案房屋的征收补偿单位及涉案地块使用权人,为涉案房屋拆迁补偿关系的当事人之一,有权根据《不动产登记暂行条例实施细则》(以下简称《细则》)第28条的规定申请涉案房屋原产权证注销登记。且涉案房屋经生效法律文书认定房屋所有权终止,属于前述规定中“人民法院、仲裁委员会的生效法律文书导致不动产权利消灭”的情形,故被申请人依法核准注销登记并告知原权利人相关情况并无不妥。法院认为,乙公司作为涉案房屋征收拆迁单位且已取得用地批准,有权就涉案房屋的原产权申请办理注销登记。且根据生效司法判决,1984年征用行为已被认定合法,甲对涉案房屋的所有权即终止。被告核准注销登记行为及复议机关的决定有事实和法律依据,程序合法。

关键词： 概率风险评估   人员可靠性分析   核电厂   HRA   PRA   交互作用   结构化  

摘要： 该指南提供了将人因可靠性分析(HRA)纳人概率风险评估(PRA)的结构化框架该指南旨在加强PRA中人与系统交互作用的分析,以帮助确保得出可重复的结论,并使此类评估的文件标准化。为此,根据标准做法开发了一个特定的HRA框架。对于特定的HRA方法,HRA框架是中立的。

关键词： 中医古籍   俗字   疑难字   异体字  

摘要： 本文结合汉字演变规律,通过综合运用形音义互求、文献比勘等方法,对出自中医古籍的9个疒部疑难俗字进行了考辨。“■”为“横痃”之“横”的新造字,又为“痃”字之讹;“■”为“■”字之讹,二者为“妒(妬)”的异体字,义为“脏腑虚弱、外邪入侵导致的气血郁滞不通而生的痈疮”;“■”在中医古籍中为“结核”之“核”的专造字,在佛经中又为“■(■)”的异体字,在集部文献中又为“瘛”字之讹;“■”为“瘫缓”之“缓”改换义符的分化字;“■”除在佛经中为“癢”的换声旁俗字外,又为“恙”增加义符的分化字;“■痢”“■■”“■■”“鬎鬁”“鬁”均为同一联绵词的不同词形,“■”“■”同“鬎”“■”,“■”“■”同“鬁”,均是记录这一联绵词的新造字。

关键词： 维生素A   复合其他微量营养素   学龄前儿童   营养状况   生长发育  

摘要： 目的探讨维生素A复合其他微量营养素对学龄前儿童的营养状况及生长发育的影响。方法选取聊城市东昌府区妇幼保健院2018年2月至2020年2月体检的90例健康学龄前儿童为研究对象,依据不同的营养干预方式将入选儿童分为维生素组与复合组,每组45例。维生素组补充维生素A,复合组在维生素A的基础上行复合其他微量营养素干预。观察两组儿童的营养不良发生率,比较干预前后的生长情况(身高、体质量、维生素A含量)及营养状况(钙、铁、锌含量)。结果干预后,复合组身高、体质量、维生素A含量显著高于维生素组(P<0.05)。复合组钙、铁、锌水平变化显著高于维生素组(P<0.05)。维生素组[35.56%(16/45)]与复合组营养不良总发生率[17.78%(8/45)]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于3~6岁的学龄前儿童来说,及时补充维生素A复合其他微量营养素不仅有助于改善营养状况,也能有效促进儿童的生长发育。

关键词： 强制阐释   确定性   意义建构   文学阐释  

摘要： 张江教授的《再论强制阐释》一文对“强制阐释”问题做了进一步深入阐发,在阐释对象的确定性、“强制阐释”现象产生的心理原因以及克服“强制阐释”的具体措施等方面提出了新的见解,对推动阐释问题的学理性探讨和建构中国当代阐释学具有重要意义。但该文在阐释的有效性及“文学阐释”等问题上所持观点尚可进一步商榷。主张阐释对象的确定性并没有问题,但这种确定性不能理解为意义的唯一性,它还包括文字背后隐含的丰富意蕴。对于阐释而言,“追问真相”是“意义建构”的基础,文学阐释不仅仅是寻求“共鸣”,而同样是一种“意义建构”。

关键词： 红火蚁   热带火蚁   聚纹双刺猛蚁   物种多样性   丰度   微生物   毒腺  

摘要： 【目的】本研究旨在分析红火蚁Solenopsis invicta毒腺细菌群落多样性,并与热带火蚁Solenopsis geminata和聚纹双刺猛蚁Diacamma rugosum比较毒腺细菌群落差异。【方法】采用Illumine Hiseq 2500测序平台对红火蚁(工蚁、有翅蚁和蚁后)、热带火蚁(工蚁)及聚纹双刺猛蚁(工蚁)毒腺细菌群落16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序,基于测序数据进行生物信息学分析。【结果】变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在红火蚁工蚁、有翅蚁和蚁后以及热带火蚁工蚁毒腺中占优势,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在聚纹双刺猛蚁工蚁毒腺中占优势。与红火蚁工蚁和有翅蚁相比,柔壁菌门(Tenericutes)在红火蚁蚁后毒腺中更丰富。广州红火蚁蚁后毒腺中假单胞杆菌Pseudomonas相对丰度显著高于其在有翅蚁及工蚁中的。螺原体Spiroplasma相对丰度在热带火蚁毒腺中显著高于在聚纹双刺猛蚁工蚁毒腺中的。毒腺中细菌多样性分析发现,芽孢杆菌属Bacillus和乳酸杆菌属Lactobacillus在广西红火蚁工蚁中的相对丰度显著高于在广州红火蚁工蚁中的。然而,乳酸杆菌属细菌在聚纹双刺猛蚁工蚁毒腺中的相对丰度显著高于广西的热带火蚁工蚁毒腺中的。【结论】毒腺细菌组成和多样性在3种不同种类蚂蚁工蚁和红火蚁不同品级中存在差异。

关键词： immediate antiretroviral medication initiation   sexual healthcare clinics   time to viral suppression  

摘要： Objective: The 'JumpstART' program in New York City (NYC) public Sexual Health Clinics (SHC) provides patients newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with antiretroviral medication (ART) (1-month supply) on day of diagnosis and active linkage to HIV care (LTC). We examined viral suppression (VS) among patients who did and did not receive JumpstART services. Design: Retrospective cohort. Methods: Among newly diagnosed SHC patients (23 November 2016-30 September 2018) who were matched to the NYC HIV surveillance registry to obtain HIV laboratory test results through 30 June 2019, we compared 230 JumpstART and 73 non-JumpstART patients regarding timely LTC (<= 30 days), probability of VS (viral load < 200 copies/ml) by 3 months post-diagnosis, and time to and factors associated with achieving VS within the follow-up period. Results: Of 303 patients, 76% (230/303) were JumpstART and the remaining were non-JumpstART patients;36 (11%) had acute HIV infections. LTC <= 30 days was observed for 63% of JumpstART and 73% of non-JumpstART patients. By 3 months post-diagnosis, 83% of JumpstART versus 45% of non-JumpstART patients achieved VS (log-rank, P < .0001). Median times to VS among virally suppressed JumpstART and non-JumpstART patients were 31 (interquartile range [IQR]: 24-51) and 95 days (IQR: 52-153), respectively. For groups with and without timely LTC, JumpstART was associated with viral suppression within 3 months post-diagnosis, after adjusting for age and baseline viral load. Conclusions: Prompt ART initiation among SHC patients, some with acute HIV infections, resulted in markedly shortened intervals to VS. Immediate ART provision and active LTC can be key contributors to improved HIV treatment outcomes and the treatment-as-prevention paradigm, with potential for downstream, population-level benefit.

关键词： Transition metal oxides   Dye sensitized solar cell   Oxygen vacancies  

摘要： An electron transporting and hole-blocking layer (ETL) between the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and mesoporous titanium dioxide interface of photoanode is essential in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) for improving their photovoltaic performance. In the present work, we have examined the potential for further improving device performance by using alternative materials for ETLs. Accordingly, the effect of replacing TiO2 based ETLs with spin coated ultra-thin transition metal oxides (TMOs), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and tungsten trioxide (WO3) films has been studied. TMO films of 10 nm thickness have been found to be optimal for obtaining good transparency and charge transport properties, without compromising device performance. Further, devices fabricated with surfactant assisted (SA-) MoO3 ETLs have shown efficiency -4%, which is comparable with devices based on conventionally prepared TiO2 ETLs. In addition, a significant improvement in efficiency (15 %) has been observed for DSCs prepared using SA-WO3 films. The overall improvement in device efficiency is attributed to the increase in short-circuit current density without loss of open circuit potential and fill factor. Detailed analyses of results suggest that in addition to surface morphology, transparency and charge transport properties;oxygen vacancies in sub-stoichiometric TMOs also plays an important role in determining the device performance. The findings reveal that TMOs have significant potential to replace TiO2 ETL in DSCs and other third generation solar cell, viz. perovskite and polymer solar cells.