关键词： CO2 storage   Porous materials   Mineral sequestration   Phosphogypsum   Energy storage using CO2  

摘要： Carbon Dioxide (CO2), produced naturally, is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the pre-industrial period, it was regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geological phenomena. The increasingly growing industrial CO2 emissions drive the research and development aiming at discovering new approaches to capture the bulk of CO2 emissions from different sources and further (i) sequester it at different storage sites, (ii) use it in different sectors for production of valuable commodities. In a perspective view aiming to exploit the enriched CO2, it is sometimes mandatory to store it temporarily in pure or likely pure gas form, before performing another purification or use cycle. In this review, we give an overview about the adsorbed-phase CO2 storage as a critical or complementary step, in the expected future deployment of carbon-friendly processes and cost-efficient disruptive technologies, not related to the commonly debated Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). From the research and development perspectives, we link the properties of existing storage agents to their associated performances and we review all the potential materials to achieve high volumetric and gravimetric CO2 loading. We analyze the CO2 storage performances of different solid-state materials and we put into perspective the importance of implementing CO2 storage media and carriers for different practical uses.

关键词： 流行特征   其他感染性腹泻   控制   预防  

摘要： 目的探讨2010—2020年开封市其他感染性腹泻(OID)流行病学特征分析,为提高防控有效性提供科学依据。方法中国疾病预防控制中心疾病监测报告信息系统2010—2020年开封市报告的OID流行病病例,以《感染性腹泻诊断标准》(WS271-2007)为感染性腹泻报告和诊断的依据,进行流行病学分析。结果2010—2020年开封市OID共报告27746例,发病率逐年上升,10年平均发病率约为49.47/10万。无死亡病例报告。报告病例中,男16781例,年均发病率为46/10万;女10965例,年均发病率为32.46/10万,男女性别比为1.53∶1。6岁以下儿童和18~40岁成年人的OID发病率较高。高发病年龄段病例数19695例,占70.98%;6岁以下累计发病9613例,占34.65%;18~40岁累计发病10082例,占36.34%。发病占比较高的职业包括散居儿童7849例(28.29%)、幼托儿童3771例(13.59%)、农民2794例(10.07%)、学生2489例(8.97%)、退休人员2203例(7.94%)。开封市鼓楼区、龙亭区、禹王台区、顺河回族区、祥符区、杞县、兰考县、通许县、尉氏县均出现病例,发病率较高的前5位地区为祥符区4167例(15.02%)、禹王台区3844例(13.85%)、龙亭区3753例(13.53%)、杞县3564例(12.85%)、兰考县3018例(10.88%)。实验室检测病原为1633例,病原检测率为5.89%,主要病原为腺病毒391例(23.94%)、沙门菌121例(7.41%)、轮状病毒878例(53.77%)。结论OID属于常见和多发的流行病,危害人群健康,应提升该疾病防控和监测质量。主要措施包括传染病报告意识、病原检测能力、个人卫生习惯养成、宣传OID防控意识。

关键词： (D)OR in marketing   Risk analysis   Loss aversion   Pricing   Sales effort  

摘要： In the literature, different risk criteria are proposed for risk-averse decision-making, but it is often unclear which risk criteria should be used and what their differences may be. This study investigates this problem when a risk-averse, make-to-order firm decides its pricing and sales effort, two factors affecting demand. We consider alternative risk criteria commonly used in the literature, namely expected utility theory (EUT), mean-variance (MV), mean-semideviation (MS), value-at-risk (VaR), conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), and loss aversion (LA). We find that all of these criteria lead to similar qualitative behaviors regarding how risk-/loss-averse decisions deviate from risk-neutral ones. A particularly interesting result is that the form of demand randomness, i.e., additive or multiplicative, can completely reverse the effect of risk/loss aversion in certain cases. We also find that the risk aversion models, i.e., EUT, MV, MS, VaR, and CVaR, are essentially equivalent in inducing the same set of optimal solutions under adverse market states. However, loss aversion is a mild version of risk aversion in that the LA model can only lead to a subset of the solutions generated by other models. These results may not be valid for other applications, such as the newsvendor pricing problem, so we can conclude that the relationship between alternative risk criteria is case-sensitive and should be evaluated more carefully. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： emerging clusters   growing clusters   HIV cluster types   HIV transmission networks   molecular HIV clusters   stable clusters  

摘要： Background: HIV molecular epidemiology is increasingly integrated into public health prevention. We conducted cluster typing to enhance characterization of a densely sampled statewide epidemic towards informing public health. Methods: We identified HIV clusters, categorized them into types, and evaluated their dynamics between 2004 and 2019 in Rhode Island. We grouped sequences by diagnosis year, assessed cluster changes between paired phylogenies, t(0) and t(1), representing adjacent years and categorized clusters as stable (cluster in t(0) phylogeny = cluster in t(1) phylogeny) or unstable (cluster in t(0) not equal cluster in t(1)). Unstable clusters were further categorized as emerging (t(1) phylogeny only) or growing (larger in t(1) phylogeny). We determined proportions of each cluster type, of individuals in each cluster type, and of newly diagnosed individuals in each cluster type, and assessed trends over time. Results: A total of 1727 individuals with available HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences were diagnosed in Rhode Island by 2019. Over time, stable clusters and individuals in them dominated the epidemic, increasing over time, with reciprocally decreasing unstable clusters and individuals in them. Conversely, proportions of newly diagnosed individuals in unstable clusters significantly increased. Within unstable clusters, proportions of emerging clusters and of individuals in them declined;whereas proportions of newly diagnosed individuals in growing clusters significantly increased over time. Conclusion: Distinct molecular cluster types were identified in the Rhode Island epidemic. Cluster dynamics demonstrated increasing stable and decreasing unstable clusters driven by growing, rather than emerging clusters, suggesting consistent in-state transmission networks. Cluster typing could inform public health beyond conventional approaches and direct interventions.

关键词： 腰椎间盘突出症   推拿   中医治疗  

摘要： 腰椎间盘突出症作为骨科常见疾病,其迁延不愈的特点严重影响着患者的生活,治疗多以非手术疗法为主,现就非手术疗法中的推拿手法结合其他中医疗法对腰椎间盘突出症的治疗进行综述,旨在帮助患者尽早恢复腰椎功能,减轻痛苦,回归社会。

关键词： 《简化字总表》   繁体字   文献考证   简化字   异体字   数据准确   大小写   上下标  

摘要： 1稿件要求1.1稿件要求论点明确,论据充分,论证严谨,层次清晰,文字精炼,数据准确,具有一定的先进性和实用性。1.2稿件请寄打印稿,亦可用16开单面方格纸誊写,字迹端正。简化字以1986年10月重新公布的《简化字总表》为准,不用繁体字和异体字(中医文献考证除外)。外文请打印,必须分辨出大小写、上下标、正斜体,非英文要注明语种。

关键词： 阅读主观题   言之成理的其他答案   问题要求与答题指向   必备知识与思考路径  

摘要： 语文新高考国标答案评分标准中普遍提出了对于阅读主观题存在“言之成理的其他答案”这一提法,本节课引导学生探究这一提法的内涵、标准和思考路径,从中学习梳理新高考阅读主观题问题要求与答题指向的方法,了解新高考阅读主观题的某些重要特征,学会挖掘阅读主观题答题的必备知识和运用答题指向形成有效的答题思路。在这个探究过程当中明确“探究言之成理的其他答案”的价值和意义。希望通过探究能让老师和学生都进一步认识到新高考阅读主观题的某些变化趋势,有效把握这种趋势,实现高考考生主观题多得分、得满分的目标和教师阅卷制定主观题评分细则更精准的目标。

关键词： miR-20b-5p   肿瘤   增殖   凋亡   侵袭迁移  

摘要： miRNAs是一类非编码的小RNA分子,在多种疾病的发病和治疗中发挥重要作用,可调控细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡和迁移等过程中关键基因的表达。miR-20b-5p属于miR-17家族,在多种肿瘤中和非肿瘤性疾病中存在异常表达。在肿瘤中,miR-20b-5p扮演着癌基因或抑癌基因的角色,可通过调控相应靶分子的表达影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭与迁移等生物学行为,进而促进或抑制肿瘤的发生发展。该文对miR-20b-5p在肿瘤和非肿瘤性疾病中的生物学功能和机制进行简要综述。相信随着对miR-20b-5p的功能和机制的深入阐明,miR-20b-5p有望作为多种疾病的诊治靶点。

关键词： 保护地   关键生物多样性区域   有效管理   主流化  

摘要： 生物多样性是人类生存与发展赖以生存的物质基础,为人类提供丰富多样的食物、能源、药品和遗传资源。但受不合理人类活动的影响,生物多样性丧失已成为人类面临的最大风险挑战和威胁之一。从“爱知生物多样性目标”到“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”(以下简称“2020年后框架”),保护地面积比例一直是《生物多样性公约》(以下简称《公约》)最重要的目标之一。其他基于区域的保护措施(OECMs)是国际上的一个新兴的重要议题,成为保护区必不可少的补充,对于推动就地保护工作、促进保护手段的多元化具有十分重要的实践意义。通过系统梳理OECMs的提出、概念形成及发展历程,研究国内外OECMs履约现状,深入辨析OECMs与保护区的区别与联系,揭示OECMs在科学基础、多边磋商和资金投入等领域面临的挑战。在此基础上,从明确识别OECMs的必要性、深入参与OECMs国际规则制定、平衡OECMs科学性与有效性、加强OECMs部门规划与执行等层面,就OECMs履约提出合理化建议,为科学识别符合我国国情的OECMs、支持“2020年后框架”的成果达成奠定基础,也为我国保护地相关目标的实现提供重要支持。