关键词： Cerebrospinal fluid   Blood-brain barrier   Gadolinium-based contrast media   Tear   Anterior chamber   Posterior chamber  

摘要： Cerebral ischemia results in disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) allowing leakage of gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM) into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the craniospinal and perineural subarachnoid spaces (SAS). This phenomenon is well visualized with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI techniques and allows for visualization of CSF flow dynamics. We present a case of ischemia-induced BBB disruption resulting in accumulation of GBCM in the SAS and ocular chambers as well as within the precorneal tear film and nasolacrimal duct. We present imaging evidence for a hypothetical alternate CSF absorption pathway through the ocular structures in keeping with prior experimental evidence.

关键词： Bakery products   Response surface methodology   Carbohydrates   Fibers   Glycemic index  

摘要： The optimum formulation of a low carb pound cake was determined using alternative ingredients to replace the main sources of digestible carbohydrates in the standard formulation. Surface response methodology was a useful tool in the investigation of the use of custard apple puree (CAP), fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) as partial or total replacers for wheat flour, sucrose, and powdered whole milk, respectively. The quality of pound cakes was assessed by measuring the batter and cake properties. The percentage of ingredients substitution affected the specific gravity of the batter, cakes specific volume, crumb firmness, instrumental color parameters (L*, a*, b*) and number and circularity of alveoli from pound cake slices. The model equations developed can be used for predicting the quality of the pound cake. The optimum formulation of low carb pound cake with 40.98% of CAP, 94.94% of FOS and 100% of SPH, in replacement of wheat flour, sucrose and powdered whole milk, respectively, has a 93.70% of desirability. A reduction of 60.67% in digestible carbohydrates was reached. The main reduction occurs in the starch content due to the wheat flour replacement and the non-reducing sugar content due to the sucrose partial substitution. The low carb pound cake had a moderate glycemic index (60.08%), a low glycemic load (4.69%) and accepted by the judges through sensory analysis, with an acceptability index of 72.08 +/- 3.97%.

关键词： Tornadogenesis   Supercells   Tornadoes   Vorticity  

摘要： Fine-resolution computer models of supercell storms generate realistic tornadic vortices. Like real tornadoes, the origins of these virtual vortices are mysterious. To diagnose the origin of a tornado, typically a near-ground material circuit is drawn around it. This circuit is then traced back in time using backward trajectories. The rate of change of the circulation around the circuit is equal to the total force circulation. This circulation theorem is used to deduce the origins of the tornado's large vorticity. However, there is a well-known problem with this approach;with staggered grids, parcel trajectories become uncertain as they dip into the layer next to the ground where horizontal wind cannot be interpolated. To circumvent this dilemma, we obtain a generalized circulation theorem that pertains to any circuit. We apply this theorem either to moving circuits that are constrained to simple surfaces or to a "hybrid" circuit defined next. Let A be the horizontal surface at one grid spacing off the ground. Above A the circuit moves as a material circuit. Horizontal curve segments that move in A with the horizontal wind replace segments of the material circuit that dip below A. The circulation equation for the modified circuit includes the force circulation of the inertial force that is required to keep the curve segments horizontal. This term is easily evaluated on A. Use of planar or circular circuits facilitates explanation of some simple flows. The hybrid-circuit method significantly improves the accuracy of the circulation budget in an idealized supercell simulation.

关键词： Chandrasekhar's H-function   Legendre polynomials  

摘要： In this paper, a new approach using shifted Legendre polynomials has been applied for the numerical solution of the nonlinear integral equation for the Chandrasekhar H-function for isotropic scattering. This new analytical approach with its easily executable equations brought the nonlinear equation to a numerically computable form. Our numerical results show good agreement with those reported in existing literature with a difference between 0.0 0 09 % and 0.11 %. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance   Anti-virulence therapy   Gram-positive bacteria   Sortase A inhibitors   Virulence factors  

摘要： Virulence factor, sortase A (SrtA), has crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Gram-positive superbugs. SrtA is a bacterial cell membrane enzyme that anchors crucial virulence factors to the cell wall surface of Gram-positive bacteria. SrtA is not necessary for bacterial growth and viability and is conveniently accessible in the cell membrane;therefore, it is an ideal target for antivirulence drug development. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-expressing bacteria and SrtA as a potential target for overcoming AMR. The mechanism of action of SrtA and its inhibition by various types of inhibitors, such as synthetic small molecules, peptides, and natural products, are provided. Future SrtA research perspectives for alternative drug development to antibiotics are also proposed.

关键词： bi-allelic markers   capillary electrophoresis   degraded DNA   DNA analysis   testing   next-generation sequencing   rootless hair shaft  

摘要： Rootless hair shafts are often considered unsuitable for STR genotyping due to the known high failure rate. The same samples can be reliably processed with mitochondrial sequencing. However, the minimal discriminatory power of widely implemented control region mitochondrial sequencing techniques limits its utility in some forensic casework. In this research, multiple variables were tested to provide information on rootless hair shaft sample genotyping success. Results showed external decontamination procedures decreased drop-in alleles but also greatly reduced profile recovery. The novel InnoXtract((TM)) chemistry was comparable to automated EZ1 DNA Investigator extraction. With thoroughly decontaminated hairs, InnoTyper(R) 21 amplification generated random match probabilities higher than STR chemistry in 71.875% of samples and 18.75% of samples benefitted from the use of InnoTyper(R) 21 amplification compared with estimated mtDNA profile rarity. Compared with the capillary electrophoresis-based amplification chemistries tested, the ForenSeq (TM) DNA Signature Prep chemistry paired with massively parallel sequencing was the most discriminatory amplification strategy tested.

关键词： ACE2   Covid-19   entry molecule   SARS-CoV-2   TMPRSS2  

摘要： Understanding the molecules that are essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry can provide insights into viral infection and dissemination. Recently, it has been identified from several studies that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 are the main entry molecules for the SARS-CoV-2, which produced the pandemic of Covid-19. However, additional evidence showed several other viral receptors and cellular proteases that are also important in facilitating viral entry and transmission in the target cells. In this review, we summarized the types of SARS-CoV-2 entry molecules and discussed their crucial roles for virus binding, protein priming and fusion to the cellular membrane important for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

摘要： The announcement of the closure of Philadelphia's Hahnemann University Hospital in June 2019 sent shock waves through the academic community. The closure had a devastating impact on the residents and fellows who trained there, the patients who had long received their care there, and faculty and staff who had provided care there for decades. Since its beginnings, the hospital, established as part of Hahnemann Medical College in 1885, was a major site for medical student education. The authors share the planning before and actions during the crisis that protected the educational experiences of third- and fourth-year medical students at Drexel University College of Medicine assigned to Hahnemann University Hospital. The lessons they learned can be helpful to leadership in academic health systems in the United States facing a diminishing number of clinical training sites for medical and other health professions students, a situation that is likely to worsen as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to weaken the health care ecosystem.