关键词： 资料型探究活动   其他植物激素   科学史   知识迁移  

摘要： 陈述性知识教学的有效性,要求新知识必须与原有知识形成联系。基于“资料型探究活动”的教学设计可达成上述目标,并较好地促进知识的迁移。以“其他植物激素”一节教学为例,阐述该教学模式的实施策略。

关键词： 孔压静力触探   海域软土   数据对比  

摘要： 在某滨海项目的海域勘察工作中,采用孔压静力触探试验手段获取了海域软土的部分参数,通过经验公式对测得的参数进行修正和转换,再与同一工程中通过室内试验、标准贯入试验、十字板剪切试验、波速测试等其他测试手段获得数据进行横向对比,分析了不同手段所取得的数据的一致性、关联性与合理性,为选取适宜的设计输入参数提供了依据,提高了勘测资料的质量,为今后类似项目提供了参考。

关键词： D二聚体   血浆纤维蛋白原   纤维蛋白降解产物   慢性肝炎   临床意义   肝硬化  

摘要： 目的探讨D二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)及其他纤溶指标在慢性肝炎(chronic hepatitis,CH)的临床意义。方法采用免疫比浊法检测136例CH患者(CH轻度64例、CH中度41例、CH重度31例)、16例肝硬化患者血清D-D、血浆纤维蛋白原(plasma fibrinogen,FIB)、纤维蛋白降解产物(fibrin degradation products,FDP)水平,同时选取同期20例健康体检者为对照组进行比较,采用Spearman相关性分析血清D-D、FIB、FDP水平与病情严重程度的相关性。结果各组间血清D-D、FIB、FDP水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清DD、FDP水平在肝硬化中最高,高于对照组以及CH轻度、中度、重度患者(P<0.05);血清FIB水平在对照组中最高,高于CH轻度、中度、重度患者以及肝硬化患者(P<0.05);慢性肝炎患者血清D-D、FDP水平与慢性肝炎患者病情严重程度呈正相关性(P<0.05),慢性肝炎患者FIB水平与慢性肝炎患者病情严重程度呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论慢性肝炎患者血清D-D、FIB、FDP水平与病情严重程度存在明显的相关性,有效监测该指标对慢性肝炎患者疾病进展、治疗以及预后判断具有重要意义。

关键词： Grassroots innovation   Alternative food network   Food cooperative   Multi-level perspective   Causal loop diagram   Sustainability transition   Systems thinking  

摘要： Sustainability transitions of food systems are at the core of several of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In many regions, grassroots initiatives (i.e., community-led bottom-up initiatives) have emerged to experiment with alternative food networks and change the dominant food regimes. While grassroots initiatives can play a crucial role in sustainability transitions, it is known that actors usually face challenges related to (1) building and maintaining an initiative, and (2) diffusing it to the mainstream. However, the systemic mechanisms underlying these two types of challenges in food systems are still underspecified. Building on previous empirical research, the paper uses systems thinking (qualitative causal loop diagrams) to detail (1) the systemic mechanisms underlying the emergence and maintenance of an alternative food network;and (2) the feedback loops related to organizational and logistics issues that pose limits to scaling. It explains the paradox of diffusion in alternative food networks and concludes that diffusion of alternative food networks to mainstream may be achieved through replication and translation strategies, rather than scaling-up.

关键词： 杜禅   开花”三部曲   先知开花   假说   幻觉   梦境  

摘要： 杜禅的“开花”三部曲,以其精彩的反讽叙事,黑色幽默的意味,各具强劲之力。《先知开花》作为三部曲中的最后一部,从经验到叙事,都是一部奇异的作品。就经验而言,小说写的是一个平凡人和一种奇想相遇后的奇妙旅程,同时也呈现了一个平凡人和一种奇想相遇后的不堪承受——不同的场域、不同的信仰之间所发生的冲突。就叙事而言,小说以多元视角及虚构梦境动力的方式,深入探秘文化幻觉和人生幻觉,探秘自我与世界的关系,来呈现世间万象和真相。这也是它思想和艺术的先锋性之所在。

关键词： 颗粒物   气态污染物   微生物   消毒   灭菌  

摘要： 自从2019年新冠病毒流行以来,人们对室内空气卫生管理产生了高度的关注。在家庭、办公室、交通工具以及公共场所等采用多功能空气净化器,它不仅除尘而且具备消毒等功能。此外,在食品、药品、医院等的设施中,要求采用更安全更有效的消毒方法。以往作为消毒的方法,常使用甲醛熏蒸、紫外线照射、酒精等对空间或附着微生物进行消毒。但是甲醛是致癌物质,也是病态综合症的原因物质,影响健康,被视为问题,管理限制也越来越严格。在这样的情况下,行相关行业人员都在尝试研究除了甲醛、过氧化氢、臭氧等消毒剂以外的安全消毒灭菌方法,代替化学消毒灭菌。该文着眼于静电消毒方法,与紫外线、过氧化氢、臭氧、等离子等进行比较,进行实验论证。

关键词： 道德本体   应该”与“理由   道德动力   生命完善  

摘要： 从道德领域看,以成就人格为指向的道德进路,涉及德性伦理,其特点则在于注重道德本体。这里所说的本体主要指人的内在精神结构或意识结构,在道德领域,这种意识结构具有伦理的内涵并构成了人的道德行为展开的根据。考察道德本体,既需要关注规范与德性的关系,也应辨析"本体"与"工夫"的互动。在引申的意义上,与道德本体相关的另一问题是"应该"和"理由"之辩。道德本体的实质内容,表现为一般规范的内化形态,规范本身则规定了"应该"。但具体的道德行为同时又展开于特定的情境,后者为偏离规范所要求的"应该"提供了"理由"。通过调节"应该"与"理由"的关系,道德本体从另一侧面展现了对道德行为的具体作用。从行为的发生看,道德本体的作用同时体现于对行为的推动,后者进一步关乎对道德动力的理解。道德本体和道德行为,都并不是以静态的形式存在,而是展开为一个过程,从中国哲学的视域看,这里又涉及"生生"的问题。

关键词： Shipping   Flettner rotor   Parafoil   Ship   Costs  

摘要： The global shipping industry is currently experiencing a tough time due to the sluggish market situation and the oversupply of tonnage. Also, more stringent regulations on exhaust emissions have generated a significant impact on the already delicate market. Leadership in costs is one of the classic strategies to succeed in a competitive environment. Fuel is one of the most important items in the budget to consider when moving cargo across the oceans. However, up to now, there are just a few ships equipped with wind-assisted technologies to reduce fuel expenditures. Positioned in an interdisciplinary framework, this study aims to increase knowledge and understanding about the utilisation of Flettner rotors and parafoil as alternative sources of power to propel merchant vessels. To achieve this purpose, this research draws on data, information, techniques and theories from a variety of sources in both public domain and private databases. The TERA simulation of a parafoil system and Flettner rotors system assisting a 60,000 DWT bulker carrier under different wind patterns was presented. Based on the existing knowledge and scholarship, and the primary data gathered by interviews and questionnaire survey, this paper intends to critically examine the economic benefits derived from the use of two alternative propulsion systems.

关键词： 孙频   80后   女性   人生经历  

摘要： 孙频作为80后作家中的佼佼者,她的写作带着她成长的年代的特色,也与她的阅读、接受的高等教育等相关。她关注女性的成长、心理、情感与命运,并把这种关注扩大化为整个人群,这使得她的作品获得了更加宽广的尺度。

关键词： death   HIV   microfinance   poverty   retention in care   socioeconomic determinants of health   stigma  

摘要： Objective: To measure associations between participation in community-based microfinance groups, retention in HIV care, and death among people with HIV (PWH) in low-resource settings. Design and methods: We prospectively analyzed data from 3609 patients enrolled in an HIV care program in western Kenya. HIV patients who were eligible and chose to participate in a Group Integrated Savings for Health Empowerment (GISHE) microfinance group were matched 1 : 2 on age, sex, year of enrollment in HIV care, and location of initial HIV clinic visit to patients not participating in GISHE. Follow-up data were abstracted from medical records from January 2018 through February 2020. Logistic regression analysis examined associations between GISHE participation and two outcomes: retention in HIV care (i.e. >1 HIV care visit attended within 6 months prior to the end of follow-up) and death. Socioeconomic factors associated with HIV outcomes were included in adjusted models. Results: The study population was majority women (78.3%) with a median age of 37.4 years. Microfinance group participants were more likely to be retained in care relative to HIV patients not participating in a microfinance group [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.71;P = 0.046]. Participation in group microfinance was associated with a reduced odds of death during the follow-up period (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.28-1.09;P = 0.105). Conclusion: Participation in group-based microfinance appears to be associated with better HIV treatment outcomes. A randomized trial is needed to assess whether microfinance groups can improve clinical and socioeconomic outcomes among PWH in similar settings.