关键词： Core-shell composites   Chromatographic separation   Ligand-mediated   MOFs-grafted   Mixed-mode stationary phase  

摘要： The preparation of the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)@silica core-shell microspheres as the stationary phases mainly relied on the method of electrostatic interaction between the metal ions of MOFs and the silanol groups. Herein, the ligands of MOFs were preferentially modified to the surface of silica as connection points and seed crystals to connect or form the MOFs. In this way, the evenness of the MOFs particles on the silica surface was effectively improved, and the prepared composites possessed excellent reproducibility and stability, including acid-base stability. The relative standard deviation of the retention time for repeatability ranged from 0.1% to 0.26% and for stability retention time from 0.3% to 0.6%. Compared with commercial columns, the prepared stationary phase showed enhanced separation selectivity for separation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds containing alkaloids, nucleosides, antibiotics and alkylbenzenes, etc. The obtained column was used as a matrix for fast separation and analysis of antibiotics in actual samples. In short, the composites showed superior reproducibility, stability and satisfactory separation performance towards a variety of compounds in the studied conditions. It also provided another way to improve the evenness of MOFs particles on the surface of silica and enhance the stability of them under polar conditions. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

摘要： Since 2001, Afghanistan has invested two decades and billions of US dollars into reconstructing its health system and bringing the coverage of health service from a meagre 12% to 90% of the population.1 The scope of health services has been defined by the Basic Package of Health Services2 and the Essential Package of Hospital Services,3 the provision of which is highly dependent on donors. The World Bank's decision to pause its funding will result in the closure of 2331 health facilities and unemployment of 25 000 health professionals, including 7500 women.4 With the sudden halt of health services, one of the basic human rights, one of the poorest nations on the planet has been exposed to extreme vulnerability. To effectively manage health services delivery, the national health management information systems (eg, responsible for collecting routine health data) and the independent third-party monitor (eg, responsible for verification of the health data, preparing balanced scorecards, and undertaking health surveys to measure performance of contracted non-governmental organisations and progress in the health sector) should continue their functions and report to the newly established project management unit.

关键词： Alternative staples   Barriers   Drivers   Food choice   Systematic literature review  

摘要： Purpose Major cereal staples such as wheat, white rice and corn have a significant negative impact on the environment, a low nutritional profile and are associated with obesity. In comparison, alternative staples (such as rye, quinoa, buckwheat, etc.) are more environmentally sustainable and nutritious, yet are underused. There has been a recent surge in research into and awareness of alternative staples, but the current understanding of the different drivers of and barriers to their consumption remains fragmented. Design/methodology/approach The present study attempts to assimilate and incorporate the current knowledge on the drivers of and barriers to the consumption of alternative staples. Eighty-one empirical studies were curated and analysed according to stringent protocols in order to examine the existing research profile and themes arising from prior research in this domain. Findings The study presents a profile of the extensive existing literature examining the drivers of and barriers to the consumption of alternative staples. The thematic analysis of selected studies resulted in the identification of six drivers and seven barriers. The drivers are an awareness of health;awareness of environmental factors;recommendations;awareness of the brand, labels and source of origin;household structure and demographic attributes. The barriers are difficulty in preparation, lack of familiarity, lack of availability, lack of affordability, culture, product attributes and sensory attributes. The various research gaps and avenues for future research associated with the drivers and barriers identified are also presented. Originality/value The key outcomes of the study are the presentation of the research profile, the identification of various drivers and barriers, the recognition of gaps in the research and avenues for future research and, finally, the development of a theoretical framework entitled "Behavioral reasoning towards the consumption of alternative staples (BRCAS

关键词： Oxides   Lipids   Contact angle   Nanoparticles   Metal oxide nanoparticles  

摘要： The use of nanoparticles is a known solution for challenges related to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods, and nanoparticles have good potential for changing effective mechanisms, such as wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) reduction. On the basis of our last research, it was observed that using associated gas in a water alternative gas (WAG) method has a high recovery potential in comparison to other gases, such as CO2 and N-2, in carbonate reservoirs. In this study, zeolite-zirconia-cerium oxide nanocomposites (NCs) with an average size of 29.15 nm have been synthesized by the sol-gel method for improving water alternative associated gas tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), IFT, contact angle, WAG, and nano-assisted WAG tests were designed in the presence of NCs. The XRD and EDX patterns confirmed the formation of CeO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles over the formed zeolite framework. SEM images show that the zirconia-cerium particles are uniformly distributed at the surface of zeolite. Moreover, BET analysis shows that the specific surface area of the NCs is 331.67 m(2)/g as a result of introducing ZrO2 and CeO2. The IFT and contact angle values of nanofluids prepared with concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 ppm of the NCs were determined as 22 mN/m and 116 degrees, 19.50 mN/m and 86 degrees, 17.30 mN/m and 70 degrees, 12.50 mN/m and 42 degrees, 8.60 mN/m and 36 degrees, and 6.80 mN/m and 38 degrees, respectively. On the basis of these values and zeta potential, viscosity, pH, and density tests in the presence of NCs, 100 ppm was selected as an optimum concentration for improving WAG tests. It was observed that considering the above factors was efficient and the recovery factor during performing NC-assisted WAG test was increased from 42.5 to 72% at a constant WAG ratio and temperature of 1:1 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Moreover, more instant oil a

关键词： InGaN   quantum dots   nanostructure   STEM   cathodoluminescence   defects   atomic-scale  

摘要： Realization of fully solid-state white light emitting devices requires high efficiency blue, green, and red emitters. However, challenges remain in boosting the low quantum efficiency of long wavelength group-III-nitride light emitters through conventional quantum well growth. Here, we demonstrate a new direct metal-organic chemical vapor deposition approach to grow In-rich InGaN quantum dots on Si substrates using V-pits, bypassing the need for patterning or unconventional substrates. A correlative nanoscale study on the optical, compositional, and structural properties of intersecting V-pits reveals that the highly textured surface gives rise to localized high intensity red-shifted emission from the apexes of pyramids where InGaN quantum dots spontaneously form. We establish the origin of this efficient long wavelength luminescence to result from both spatially confined higher In-content deposition, as well as smaller bandgap energy basal stacking faults entrapped within a ring of low-emissivity prismatic stacking faults. Our monolithic growth approach on Si would open up new pathways toward attaining CMOS-compatible phosphor-free white light emitting solid-state devices.

关键词： 头孢呋辛   耐药   预防   骨科  

摘要： 骨科手术常涉及异物植入,感染后常导致严重不良后果,可导致患者肢体功能障碍、甚至截肢。因此需格外重视术前抗感染预防。头孢呋辛作为指南推荐的药物,在临床得到了长期广泛的应用。近年来,多项骨科术后感染病原学研究表明,所有病原菌对头孢呋辛的耐药率在30%—55.9%之间,其中,革兰阳性菌的检出仍占主要地位,可同时有不少研究表明部分院内革兰阴性菌的占比更高。由于较高的病原菌耐药率和高使用率,头孢呋辛的预防使用可能需要谨慎考虑。其他预防感染方法,包括:应用不同种类的抗菌药物、在开放性骨折中应用抗生素骨水泥也得到了研究,在特定的使用条件下有着不错的预防效果,为未来用药的发展和方向提供了基础。

关键词： Carbon dioxide  

摘要： An unprecedented strategy has been developed involving the earth-abundant Cu-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of alkynes with HCOOH to (E)-acrylic derivatives with high regio- and stereoselectivity via synergistic effects with ppm levels of a Pd catalyst. Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes bearing various functional groups were successfully hydrocarboxylated with HCOOH, and the modification of a pharmaceutical molecule exemplified the practicability of this process. This protocol employs HCOOH as both a CO surrogate and hydrogen donor with 100% atom economy and it can be viewed as an alternative approach for indirect CO2 utilization. Mechanistic investigations indicate a Cu/ppm Pd cooperative catalysis mechanism via alkenylcopper species as potential intermediates formed from Cu-hydride active catalytic species with HCOOH as a hydrogen source. This bimetallic system involving inexpensive Cu and trace Pd provides a reliable and efficient hydrocarboxylation method to access industrially useful acrylic derivatives with HCOOH as a hydrogen source, and it provides novel clues for optimizing other Cu-H-related co-catalytic systems.

关键词： Industrial research  

摘要： Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) is a key technology for the production of pharmaceutical grade peptides, although it represents the worst modality in the pharma segment when considering its Process Mass Intensity (PMI). Consequently, academic and industrial research teams have focused their attention on greening SPPS protocols by introducing more sustainable alternatives to the most common reagents and solvents. In this context, 3-(diethylamino)propylamine (DEAPA) was identified to be a viable alternative to piperidine for Fmoc removal. In addition, the use of DEAPA in N-octyl-pyrrolidone (manual synthesis) or N-octyl pyrrolidone/dimethyl carbonate 8/2 v/v (automated synthesis) was proved to be able to minimize the formation of side products like diastereoisomers and aspartimide-containing derivatives.

关键词： alternative splicing   carcinogenesis   papillary thyroid cancer   prognosis   The Cancer Genome Atlas  

摘要： As a key mechanism, alternative splicing (AS) plays a role in the cancer initiation and development. However, in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), data for the comprehensive AS event profile and its clinical implications are lacking. Herein, a genome-wide AS event profiling using RNA-Seq data and its correlation with matched clinical information was performed using a 389 PTC patient cohort from the project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 1,925 cancer-associated AS events (CASEs) by comparing paired tumors and neighboring healthy tissues. Parent genes with CASEs remarkably enriched in the pathways were linked with carcinogenesis, such as P53, KRAS, IL6-JAK-STAT3, apoptosis, and MYC signaling. The regulatory networks of AS implied an obvious correlation between the expression of splicing factor and CASE. We identified eight CASEs as predictors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The established risk score model based on DFS-associated CASEs successfully predicted the prognosis of PTC patients. From the unsupervised clustering analysis results, it is found that different clusters based on AS correlated with prognosis, molecular features, and immune characteristics. Taken together, the comprehensive genome-wide AS landscape analysis in PTC showed new AS events linked with tumorigenesis and prognosis, which provide new insights for clinical monitoring and therapy for PTC. © 2021 Zheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

关键词： Conformal prediction   data augmentation   electronic nose   herbal medicine   semi-supervised learning  

摘要： Electronic nose has been proven effective in alternative herbal medicine classification, but due to the nature of supervised learning, previous research heavily relies on the labelled training data, which are time-costly and labor-intensive to collect. To alleviate the critical dependency on the training data in real-world applications, this study aims to improve classification accuracy via data augmentation strategies. The effectiveness of five data augmentation strategies under different training data inadequacy are investigated in two scenarios: the noise-free scenario where different availabilitiesof unlabelleddatawere considered, and the noisy scenario where different levels of Gaussian noises and translational shift were added to represent sensor drift. The five augmentation strategies, namely noise-adding data augmentation, semi-supervised learning, classifier-based online learning, Inductive Conformal Prediction (ICP) online learning and our novel ensemble ICP online learning (EICP) proposed in this study, are compared against supervised learning baselines, with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifiers. This study provides a systematic analysis of different augmentation strategies. Our novel strategy, EICP, outperforms the others by showing non-decreasing classification accuracy on all tasks and a significant improvement on most simulated tasks (25 out of 36 tasks, p <= 0.05), which demonstrated both effectiveness and robustness in boosting the classificationmodel generalizability. This strategy can be employed in other machine learning applications.