关键词： 西夏语   通假字   语义关联  

摘要： 西夏译汉文佛典中存在语义关联的通假字,这批通假字的本字与借字之间并非只有语音相同、相近,语义也具有一定联系,分别表现在语法与语用两个方面。语法上的关联性主要和动词的人称呼应与音韵转换以及词性有关,语用上的关联性主要是语言形式在不同语言环境中表现的意义具有差异。

关键词： 作战服   手套   迷彩   作战靴   防弹背心   附件   武警   综合性  

摘要： 本刊2021年第7、8期相继介绍了武警特战虎斑迷彩系列作战服、头盔及防弹背心,本篇展示与武警虎斑迷彩系列相关的手套、特战靴及其他附件--该型号在07作战靴基础上改进而成,综合性能有较大提升。

关键词： 开罗   贸易   城市发展  

摘要： 文章以开罗不同的统治时期为线索,通过比较地图、参阅文献等方法,分别探究不同背景下各个因素对于开罗城市形态的影响。以古代贸易的影响为主,旨在探究现代全球化贸易对于发展中国家城市的影响,为其他参与到全球化贸易中的发展中国家提供经验、带来启发。

关键词： 食品生产许可   蛋白粉   市场监督管理局   植物源性   黑市   黑龙江省   印发   征求意见  

摘要： 各市(地)市场监督管理局:根据《食品生产许可管理办法》等有关规定,省市场监管局结合全省食品生产许可审查工作的实际需要,经广泛征求意见并组织相关专家审核,制定了《其他食品(食品工业用植物源性蛋白粉)生产许可审查方案(试行)》,现予印发,请各地认真遵照执行。

关键词： 《景德传灯录》   《五灯会元》   异体字  

摘要： 《五灯会元》汇集了《景德传灯录》《天圣广灯录》《建中靖国续灯录》《联灯会要》《嘉泰普灯录》等五部灯录,记载了五家七宗的发展史和诸禅师的事迹、语录,囊括了宋末以前禅宗祖祖相传的佛法智慧。将宋理宗年间普济所作的《五灯会元》与宋真宗年间释道原所作的《景德传灯录》进行互校,发现有大量异体字,文章选取了14组异体字,分析其结构和形体上的差别。

关键词： dried blood spot testing   eHealth   HIV   MSM   mHealth   mobile applications   preexposure prophylaxis   treatment adherence and compliance  

摘要： Objective: Improving adherence to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by providing automated feedback on self-reported PrEP use via a mobile application (app). Design: Randomized clinical trial among MSM participating in the Amsterdam PrEP demonstration project (AMPrEP). Methods: Eligible participants were randomized 1 : 1 to the control or intervention app. Both allowed daily reporting of sexual behaviour and medication intake;the intervention app also provided visual feedback. Dried blood spots collected at 12 and 24 months yielded intracellular tenofovir diphosphate concentrations (TFV-DP). We assessed proportions of participants with poor (TFV-DP <700 fmol/punch;primary outcome), good (TFV-DP >= 700 fmol/punch) and excellent (TFV-DP >= 1250 fmol/punch;secondary outcome) adherence at both time-points, and the association with the control or intervention app. Results: We randomized 229 participants, 118 to the intervention and 111 to the control arm. The primary, per-protocol, analysis included 83 participants per arm. In total, 22/166 (13%) of participants adhered poorly, 144/166 (87%) good and 66/166 (40%) excellently. App feedback did not result in a lower proportion of participants with poor adherence [control: 9 of 83 (11%);intervention: 13 of 83 (16%);P = 0.36]. App feedback did result in a larger proportion of participants with excellent adherence [control: 26/83 (31%);intervention: 40/83 (48%);P = 0.026]. Conclusion: In this highly adherent population, app feedback did not improve the proportion of participants with poor adherence to PrEP. Clinical Trial Number Netherlands Trial Register: NL5413.

关键词： CO2 storage   Porous materials   Mineral sequestration   Phosphogypsum   Energy storage using CO2  

摘要： Carbon Dioxide (CO2), produced naturally, is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the pre-industrial period, it was regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geological phenomena. The increasingly growing industrial CO2 emissions drive the research and development aiming at discovering new approaches to capture the bulk of CO2 emissions from different sources and further (i) sequester it at different storage sites, (ii) use it in different sectors for production of valuable commodities. In a perspective view aiming to exploit the enriched CO2, it is sometimes mandatory to store it temporarily in pure or likely pure gas form, before performing another purification or use cycle. In this review, we give an overview about the adsorbed-phase CO2 storage as a critical or complementary step, in the expected future deployment of carbon-friendly processes and cost-efficient disruptive technologies, not related to the commonly debated Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). From the research and development perspectives, we link the properties of existing storage agents to their associated performances and we review all the potential materials to achieve high volumetric and gravimetric CO2 loading. We analyze the CO2 storage performances of different solid-state materials and we put into perspective the importance of implementing CO2 storage media and carriers for different practical uses.

关键词： 流行特征   其他感染性腹泻   控制   预防  

摘要： 目的探讨2010—2020年开封市其他感染性腹泻(OID)流行病学特征分析,为提高防控有效性提供科学依据。方法中国疾病预防控制中心疾病监测报告信息系统2010—2020年开封市报告的OID流行病病例,以《感染性腹泻诊断标准》(WS271-2007)为感染性腹泻报告和诊断的依据,进行流行病学分析。结果2010—2020年开封市OID共报告27746例,发病率逐年上升,10年平均发病率约为49.47/10万。无死亡病例报告。报告病例中,男16781例,年均发病率为46/10万;女10965例,年均发病率为32.46/10万,男女性别比为1.53∶1。6岁以下儿童和18~40岁成年人的OID发病率较高。高发病年龄段病例数19695例,占70.98%;6岁以下累计发病9613例,占34.65%;18~40岁累计发病10082例,占36.34%。发病占比较高的职业包括散居儿童7849例(28.29%)、幼托儿童3771例(13.59%)、农民2794例(10.07%)、学生2489例(8.97%)、退休人员2203例(7.94%)。开封市鼓楼区、龙亭区、禹王台区、顺河回族区、祥符区、杞县、兰考县、通许县、尉氏县均出现病例,发病率较高的前5位地区为祥符区4167例(15.02%)、禹王台区3844例(13.85%)、龙亭区3753例(13.53%)、杞县3564例(12.85%)、兰考县3018例(10.88%)。实验室检测病原为1633例,病原检测率为5.89%,主要病原为腺病毒391例(23.94%)、沙门菌121例(7.41%)、轮状病毒878例(53.77%)。结论OID属于常见和多发的流行病,危害人群健康,应提升该疾病防控和监测质量。主要措施包括传染病报告意识、病原检测能力、个人卫生习惯养成、宣传OID防控意识。

关键词： (D)OR in marketing   Risk analysis   Loss aversion   Pricing   Sales effort  

摘要： In the literature, different risk criteria are proposed for risk-averse decision-making, but it is often unclear which risk criteria should be used and what their differences may be. This study investigates this problem when a risk-averse, make-to-order firm decides its pricing and sales effort, two factors affecting demand. We consider alternative risk criteria commonly used in the literature, namely expected utility theory (EUT), mean-variance (MV), mean-semideviation (MS), value-at-risk (VaR), conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), and loss aversion (LA). We find that all of these criteria lead to similar qualitative behaviors regarding how risk-/loss-averse decisions deviate from risk-neutral ones. A particularly interesting result is that the form of demand randomness, i.e., additive or multiplicative, can completely reverse the effect of risk/loss aversion in certain cases. We also find that the risk aversion models, i.e., EUT, MV, MS, VaR, and CVaR, are essentially equivalent in inducing the same set of optimal solutions under adverse market states. However, loss aversion is a mild version of risk aversion in that the LA model can only lead to a subset of the solutions generated by other models. These results may not be valid for other applications, such as the newsvendor pricing problem, so we can conclude that the relationship between alternative risk criteria is case-sensitive and should be evaluated more carefully. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： emerging clusters   growing clusters   HIV cluster types   HIV transmission networks   molecular HIV clusters   stable clusters  

摘要： Background: HIV molecular epidemiology is increasingly integrated into public health prevention. We conducted cluster typing to enhance characterization of a densely sampled statewide epidemic towards informing public health. Methods: We identified HIV clusters, categorized them into types, and evaluated their dynamics between 2004 and 2019 in Rhode Island. We grouped sequences by diagnosis year, assessed cluster changes between paired phylogenies, t(0) and t(1), representing adjacent years and categorized clusters as stable (cluster in t(0) phylogeny = cluster in t(1) phylogeny) or unstable (cluster in t(0) not equal cluster in t(1)). Unstable clusters were further categorized as emerging (t(1) phylogeny only) or growing (larger in t(1) phylogeny). We determined proportions of each cluster type, of individuals in each cluster type, and of newly diagnosed individuals in each cluster type, and assessed trends over time. Results: A total of 1727 individuals with available HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences were diagnosed in Rhode Island by 2019. Over time, stable clusters and individuals in them dominated the epidemic, increasing over time, with reciprocally decreasing unstable clusters and individuals in them. Conversely, proportions of newly diagnosed individuals in unstable clusters significantly increased. Within unstable clusters, proportions of emerging clusters and of individuals in them declined;whereas proportions of newly diagnosed individuals in growing clusters significantly increased over time. Conclusion: Distinct molecular cluster types were identified in the Rhode Island epidemic. Cluster dynamics demonstrated increasing stable and decreasing unstable clusters driven by growing, rather than emerging clusters, suggesting consistent in-state transmission networks. Cluster typing could inform public health beyond conventional approaches and direct interventions.