关键词： Cultivation in the tropics   Dormex (R)   earlier production   Prunus persica  

摘要： Peach trees initiate flowering and then dense budding when the temperatures in winter are steadily low. When temperatures during the winter are high or when the chilling accumulation needs of the cultivar are not met, it is necessary to apply chemicals that stimulate flowering and budding in a uniform manner. This study aimed to evaluate alternative products for breaking the dormancy of 'Kampai' peach trees in a subtropical region. The experiment was conducted with 'Kampai' peach trees in the 2018, 2019 and 2020 production with the following treatments: (1) negative control composed only of water (control);(2) positive control composed of hydrogen cyanamide at a dose of 13% (commercial product Dormex (R)) plus 4.5% mineral oil;(3) Erger G (R) organomineral fertilizer supplemented with calcium nitrate at a dose of 3%;(4) potassium nitrate at a dose of 5%;and (5) copper sulphate at a dose of 0.3%. We evaluated affected budding capacity, flowering, the production cycle, peach production, the quality of peach trees and the enzymatic activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Hydrogen cyanamide and the organomineral fertilizer Erger G (R) promoted earlier flowering and an earlier production cycle. On the other hand, hydrogen cyanamide and copper sulphate stimulated flower opening and peach production. The chemicals used decreased catalase activity (24 h after application) and increased guaiacol peroxidase activity (6 h after application). The application of copper sulphate may be an option to break the dormancy of peach trees in the subtropics.

关键词： Diffusion   Equivalent contaminated layer   Landfill   Diffusivity coefficient  

摘要： Landfills have been extensively used as waste deposits in most of the big cities in the world. Therefore, considerably large urban areas have contamination threats. Engineering solutions applied to prevent or contain soil, and water contamination often involve the application of liners, which are low permeability barriers made of materials such as compacted clay and geomembranes. In many liner applications, once reduced rates of seepage are expected, diffusion has proved to be relevant, if not dominant, to the process of contaminant transport. Normally, diffusivity parameters can be assessed by a single-reservoir pure diffusion test, where a contaminant solution is placed above a saturated soil sample and the solution's concentration is monitored over time. Once the temporal variation of concentration is measured, the process of back-calculating diffusivity parameters is not standardized. In this paper, an analytical model of the diffusive transport of contaminants is revisited considering the initial and boundary conditions of the pure diffusion test. In this model, the contaminant solution reservoir is included in the analysis domain as an equivalent contaminated soil layer. The analytical solution relies on a series evaluation, which may be a drawback to everyday engineering situations. Therefore, we build a high-accuracy exponential approximation to the solution. Expedited evaluation procedures are proposed to provide reasonable estimates for the fitting parameters. Also, in order to illustrate the applicability of the new solution, test datasets of a soil around the Jockey Club Landfill (JCL) site, one of the major landfills in Latin America, have been modeled. We discuss possible issues of considering linear isotherms to model the sorption characteristics of soils, indicating that convex isotherms, if linearly modeled, may lead to overestimated values of the diffusivity parameter.

关键词： covid-19   pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome   severe acute respiratory syndrome   obesity   sars-cov-2  

摘要： OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and hospital course among persons <21 years of age with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated death. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case series of suspected SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths in the United States in persons <21 years of age during February 12 to July 31, 2020. All states and territories were invited to participate. We abstracted demographic and clinical data, including laboratory and treatment details, from medical records. RESULTS: We included 112 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths from 25 participating jurisdictions. The median age was 17 years (IQR 8.5-19 years). Most decedents were male (71, 63%), 31 (28%) were Black (non-Hispanic) persons, and 52 (46%) were Hispanic persons. Ninety-six decedents (86%) had at least 1 underlying condition;obesity (42%), asthma (29%), and developmental disorders (22%) were most commonly documented. Among 69 hospitalized decedents, common complications included mechanical ventilation (75%) and acute respiratory failure (82%). The sixteen (14%) decedents who met multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) criteria were similar in age, sex, and race and/ or ethnicity to decedents without MIS-C;11 of 16 (69%) had at least 1 underlying condition. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths among persons <21 years of age occurred predominantly among Black (non-Hispanic) and Hispanic persons, male patients, and older adolescents. The most commonly reported underlying conditions were obesity, asthma, and developmental disorders. Decedents with coronavirus disease 2019 were more likely than those with MIS-C to have underlying medical conditions.

关键词： 帕金森综合征   运动障碍  

ISBN: (纸本)9787567237292

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma   liver cancer   phytochemicals   natural compounds   metastasis  

摘要： Simple Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is globally ranked as the sixth most diagnosed cancer, and the second most deadly cancer. To worsen matters, there are only limited therapeutic options currently available;therefore, it is necessary to find a reservoir from which new HCC treatments may be acquired. The field of phytomedicine may be the solution to this problem, as it offers an abundance of plant-derived molecules, which show capabilities of being effective against HCC proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. In our review, we collect and analyze current evidence regarding these promising phytochemical effects on HCC, and delve into their potential as future chemotherapies. Additionally, information on the signaling behind these numerous phytochemicals is provided, in an attempt to understand their mechanisms. This review makes accessible the current body of knowledge pertaining to phytochemicals as HCC treatments, in order to serve as a reference and inspiration for further research into this subject. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most abundant form of liver cancer. It accounts for 75-85% of liver cancer cases and, though it ranks globally as the sixth most common cancer, it ranks second in cancer-related mortality. Deaths from HCC are usually due to metastatic spread of the cancer. Unfortunately, there are many challenges and limitations with the latest HCC therapies and medications, making it difficult for patients to receive life-prolonging care. As there is clearly a high demand for alternative therapy options for HCC, it is prudent to turn to plants for the solution, as their phytochemicals have long been used and revered for their many medicinal purposes. This review explores the promising phytochemical compounds identified from pre-clinical and clinical trials being used either independently or in conjunction with already existing cancer therapy treatments. The phytochemicals discussed in this review were classified into severa

关键词： cholesterol   dispatched1   hedgehog   morphogen   patched1   scube2   shedding  

摘要： Two posttranslational lipid modifications present on all Hedgehog (Hh) morphogens-an N-terminal palmitate and a C-terminal cholesterol-are established and essential regulators of Hh biofunction. Yet, for several decades, the question of exactly how both lipids contribute to Hh signaling remained obscure. Recently, cryogenic electron microscopy revealed different modes by which one or both lipids may contribute directly to Hh binding and signaling to its receptor Patched1 (Ptc). Some of these modes demand that the established release factor Dispatched1 (Disp) extracts dual-lipidated Hh from the cell surface, and that another known upstream signaling modulator called Scube2 chaperones the dual-lipidated morphogen to Ptc. By mechanistically and biochemically aligning this concept with established in vivo and recent in vitro findings, this reflection identifies remaining questions in lipidated Hh transport and evaluates additional mechanisms of Disp- and Scube2-regulated release of a second bioactive Hh fraction that has one or both lipids removed.

关键词： matrix factorization   association prediction   epithelial-mesenchymal transition  

摘要： Motivation: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular-developmental process activated during tumor metastasis. Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling EMT are well studied;however, alternative RNA splicing also plays a critical regulatory role during this process. Unfortunately, a comprehensive understanding of alternative splicing (AS) and the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate it during EMT remains largely unknown. Therefore, a great need exists to develop effective computational methods for predicting associations of RBPs and AS events. Dramatically increasing data sources that have direct and indirect information associated with RBPs and AS events have provided an ideal platform for inferring these associations. Results: In this study, we propose a novel method for RBP-AS target prediction based on weighted data fusion with sparse matrix tri-factorization (WDFSMF in short) that simultaneously decomposes heterogeneous data source matrices into low-rank matrices to reveal hidden associations. WDFSMF can select and integrate data sources by assigning different weights to those sources, and these weights can be assigned automatically. In addition, WDFSMF can identify significant RBP complexes regulating AS events and eliminate noise and outliers from the data. Our proposed method achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of , which shows that WDFSMF can effectively predict RBP-AS event associations with higher accuracy compared with previous methods. Furthermore, this study identifies significant RBPs as complexes for AS events during EMT and provides solid ground for further investigation into RNA regulation during EMT and metastasis. WDFSMF is a general data fusion framework, and as such it can also be adapted to predict associations between other biological entities.

关键词： Guinea worm   Reproductive number   Intervention   Paratenic hosts   Domestic dogs  

摘要： Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) has exerted a high human health burden in parts of Africa. Complete eradication of Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis) may be delayed by the circulation of the parasite in domestic dogs. As with humans, dogs acquire the parasite by directly ingesting infected copepods, and recent evidence suggests that consuming frogs that ingested infected copepods as tadpoles may be a viable transmission route (paratenic route). To understand the relative contributions of direct and paratenic transmission routes, we developed a mathematical model that describes transmission of Guinea worm between dogs, copepods and frogs. We explored how the parasite basic reproductive number (R-0) depends on parameters amenable to actionable interventions under three scenarios: frogs/tadpoles do not consume copepods;tadpoles consume copepods but frogs do not contribute to transmission;and frogs are paratenic hosts. We found a non-monotonic relationship between the number of dogs and R-0. Generally, frogs can contribute to disease control by removing infected copepods from the waterbody even when paratenic transmission can occur. However, paratenic transmission could play an important role in maintaining the parasite when direct transmission is reduced by interventions focused on reducing copepod ingestion by dogs. Together, these suggest that the most effective intervention strategies may be those which focus on the reduction of copepods, as this reduces outbreak potential irrespective of the importance of the paratenic route. (C) 2021 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep eutectic solvents   Nanofluid   CNT   Freezing point   Thermal degradation   Vapour pressure   Weight loss   Activation energy  

摘要： We investigated Deep eutectic solvents (DES) in this study as a potential substitute for conventional heat transfer fluids. Methyl-triphenylphosphonium-bromide (MTPB) and choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), and ethylene glycol (EG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) as the hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), were used to form DESs. The molar ratio of HBA to HBD was varied between 1:3 and 1:5 to produce a total of 11 DESs. In each of these DESs, carbon nanotube (CNT) was added and dispersed at a constant concentration of 0.04 wt% to form DES-CNT-nanofluids. There was no surfactant added for stabilisation. The nano fluids were homogenised using an ultrasonic bath at 37 kHz for 4 h at room temperature. The freezing points of DES-CNT-nanofluids were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry while their thermal degradations, vapour pressures and weight losses were analysed using a thermogravimetric analyser. DES-CNTnanofluids were found to have lower freezing points (down to-117.90 degrees C) as compared to EG and TEG, valued at-13.40 and-4.0 degrees C, respectively. The addition of HBA, such as MTPB and ChCl to form DESs, was found to increase the thermal stability of EG and TEG from 105 to 128 degrees C to 130 and 220 degrees C, respectively. Furthermore, the vapour pressures of DESs derived from EG and TEG, independently, were lower than that of pure EG and TEG by about 73% and 45%, correspondingly. The dispersion of CNT in DESs enhanced their thermal stabilities, activation energies and their kinetic parameters. The degradation reaction order was also determined through Friedman and Avrami models, respectively. Thus, DES has been proven to be a potential substitute for conventional heat transfer fluids due to its improved properties. (c) 2021 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.