关键词： Constrained multi-objective optimization   Evolutionary algorithm   Dual population  

摘要： It is challenging to solve constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs). Different from the traditional multi-objective optimization problem, the feasibility, convergence, and diversity of the population must be considered in the optimization process of a CMOP. How these factors are balanced will affect the performance of the constrained multi-objective optimization algorithm. To solve this problem, we propose a dual population multi-objective optimization evolutionary algorithm. The proposed algorithm can make good use of its secondary population and alternative between evolution and degeneration according to the state of the secondary population to provide better information for the main population. The test results of three benchmark constrained multi objective optimization problem suites, and four real-world constrained multi-objective optimization problems show that the algorithm is better than existing dual-population multi-objective optimization, especially when there is a distance between the unconstrained PF and the constrained PF. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： diabetes mellitus   glucose metabolism   gastrointestinal endoscopy   duodenal mucosa   fatty liver  

摘要： Correspondence to Professor Jacques J G H M Bergman, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands; ***@*** Key messages Despite important and promising advances in oral and injectable glucose-lowering medications for type 2 diabetes, overall control of blood glucose remains suboptimal in most patients. Abstract Introduction The number of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) worldwide is expected to increase from 463 million in 2019 to 700 million in 2045, with a prevalence of more than 10% in Europe. Besides a role for genetics, causative factors include obesity, diet high in refined sugar and fat, and sedentary lifestyle. [...]for the majority of patients with T2D (about 60%), metformin monotherapy is not sufficient to achieve euglycaemia.9 As a next step, the most recent guidelines by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes10 advise to add either a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) or a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in patients with T2D and established cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or when there is a compelling need to minimise hypoglycaemia or to control weight. In patients with T2D, the incretin response is blunted and circulating GLP-1 levels are reduced.11 GLP-1RAs improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose, induce 2–6 kg of weight loss on average, reduce apoptosis of beta cells and increase their proliferation.

关键词： Augmentative and alternative communication   Speech production   Autism spectrum disorder  

摘要： This review evaluated the effects of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) on speech development in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD);replicated, updated, and extended the systematic review by Schlosser and Wendt (American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 17:212-230, 2008). Twenty-five single case design articles and three group design articles published between 1975 and May 2020 met inclusion criteria related to participant characteristics, intervention type, design, and visual analysis of dependent variable outcomes. Overall, AAC resulted in improved speech production;however, speech gains that did occur did not surpass AAC use.

关键词： horse   thymoma   thoracic mass   neoplasia   thoracoscopy  

摘要： Thymoma is a rare condition in horses. This case of a 24-year-old Warmblood gelding that was presented with oedema and signs of vascular congestion of the left forelimb caused by a thoracic mass is described. The diagnostic work-up included blood chemistry, cytology of pleural effusion, ultrasonography, radiography and the visualisation and collection of a tissue sample by thoracoscopy. Finally, post-mortem findings and histopathology revealed thymic epithelial neoplasia with histomorphologic features previously unreported in horses. The unique mixture of spindle-shaped and epithelioid tumour cells in combination with clear features of malignancy suggested the application of the Moran and Suster histological classification system for thymomas in humans (Moran and Suster, 2008, Curr. Treat. Options Oncol., 9, 288), which has not been reported in an equine case before and fits well to the present case.

关键词： dry reforming   catalysts   metal carbides   molybdenum   tungsten   titanium  

摘要： Dry reforming of hydrocarbons (DRH) is a pro-environmental method for syngas production. It owes its pro-environmental character to the use of carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. Currently used nickel catalysts on oxide supports suffer from rapid deactivation due to sintering of active metal particles or the deposition of carbon deposits blocking the flow of gases through the reaction tube. In this view, new alternative catalysts are highly sought after. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) can potentially replace traditional nickel catalysts due to their stability and activity in DR processes. The catalytic activity of carbides results from the synthesis-dependent structural properties of carbides. In this respect, this review presents the most important methods of titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten carbide synthesis and the influence of their properties on activity in catalyzing the reaction of methane with carbon dioxide.

关键词： GWP   Alternative refrigerant   R-448A   R-449A   R-455A   R-454C   R-404A   Condensation   Muitiport   Mini-channel  

摘要： The literature survey reveals that condensation or evaporation studies on R-404A alternative refrigerants are very limited. Especially for the multiport tube, no prior investigation exists. In this study, four R-404A alternative refrigerants (GWP100 <2500: R-448A, R-449A and GWP100 <150: R-455A, R-454C) -including R-404A (GWP100 = 3922) were tested in a multiport tube having 0.80 mm hydraulic diameter. The tests were conducted changing the mass flux from 380 to 760 kg/m2s, vapor quality from 0.2 to 0.8. During the tests, the saturation temperature and the heat flux were maintained at 45 degrees C and at 6 kW/m2. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficients of the alternative refrigerants were higher than those of R-404A. The reason was attributed to the better thermo-physical properties of the alternative refrig-erants. Especially, at a high mass flux of this study, the gas core and the liquid film became turbulent, which mitigated the malign effect of temperature glide by strong mixing. Hence, the alternative refrig-erants yielded higher heat transfer coefficients than R-404A. Some correlations with mixture correction predicted the heat transfer coefficient reasonably well with RMSE of approximately 0.20. An interest-ing finding is that even better predictions (RMSE of 0.13) were obtained when the correlation was not mixture corrected. The pressure drops were generally in the reverse order to the value of vapor density. Pressure drops of alternative refrigerants were larger than those of R-404A. The pressure drop correlations generally underpredicted the data. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： parathyroid adenoma   calcium sensing   primary hyperparathyroidism  

摘要： Context: The biochemical basis for clinical variability in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to define parathyroid tumor biochemical properties associated with calcium-sensing failure in PHPT patients, and to relate differences in these profiles to variations in clinical presentation. Methods: Preoperative clinical data from a sequential series of 39 patients undergoing surgery for PHPT at an endocrine surgery referral center in a large, public university hospital were evaluated for correlation to parathyroid tumor biochemical behavior. An intact tissue, ex vivo interrogative assay was employed to evaluate the calcium-sensing capacity of parathyroid adenomas relative to normal donor glands. Tumors were functionally classified based on calcium dose-response curve profiles, and clinical parameters were compared among the respective classes. Changes in the relative expression of 3 key components in the calcium/parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling axis-CASR, RGS5, and RCAN1-were evaluated as potential mechanisms for calcium-sensing failure. Results: Parathyroid adenomas grouped into 3 distinct functional classes. Tumors with diminished calcium sensitivity were the most common (18 of 39) and were strongly associated with reduced bone mineral density (P = 0.0009). Tumors with no calcium-sensing deficit (11 of 39) were associated with higher preoperative PTH (P = 0.036). A third group (6/39) displayed a nonsigmoid calcium/PTH response curve;4 of these 6 tumors expressed elevated RCAN1. Conclusion: Calcium-sensing capacity varies among parathyroid tumors but downregulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is not an obligate underlying mechanism. Differences in tumor calcium responsiveness may contribute to variations in PHPT clinical presentation.

关键词： Agribusiness   Cattle feeding   Feeding conversion efficiency   Nutrition evaluation   Ruminant nutrition  

摘要： Glycerine a co-product from the biodiesel industry and cashew and clove oils could be an alternative food for replacing corn as an energy source and synthetic additives commonly used in feedlot diets. This work was realized to study the effects of replacing corn grain with glycerine and vegetal oils (nut shell liquid and castor oils) on animal performance, feed intake, feed efficiency and apparent digestibility of Puruna similar to bulls finished in feedlot. A total of 32 Puruna similar to bulls (1/4 Aberdeen Angus + 1/4 Caracu + 1/4 Charolaise + 1/4 Canchim) with a mean age of 32 +/- 2.0 months and a mean body weight 206.1 +/- 20.0 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four diets and eight replications per diet. The four experimental diets were as follows: CONT - basal diet;VOIL -basal diet and addition of vegetable oils (3 g/animal/day);GLYC - basal diet and addition of glycerine (20.1% glycerine on a DM basis);GLVO - basal diet and addition of glycerol (20.1% glycerine in DM basis) and vegetal oils (3 g/animal/day). Final body weight and average daily gain were similar (P 0.05) the DM intake and other nutrients in comparison to CONT diet. DM efficiency was similar (P 0.04) among the four diets. The GLYC and VOIL diets reduced (P < 0.05) the NDF intake (10.0 and 18.9%) in comparison to the CONT and GLVO diets, respectively. However, bulls fed GLYC and GLVO diets had a high (P < 0.05) intake of metabolizable energy when compared to bulls fed diets without glycerin. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, TC, NFC, and NDF was higher (P < 0.05) when glycerin was added to the diets;whereas no change was observed in the apparent digestibility of EE, ADF, and CF. In conclusion, diets containing glycerine and vegetal oils did not change average daily gain;however, they improved the carcass weight, the feed intake, and the apparent digestibility.

关键词： Concatenation   exons   introns   phylogenomics   species-tree methods   target capture  

摘要： The use of high-throughput sequencing technologies to produce genome-scale data sets was expected to settle some long-standing controversies across the Tree of Life, particularly in areas where short branches occur at deep timescales. Instead, these data sets have often yielded many well-supported but conflicting topologies, and highly variable genetree distributions. A variety of branch-support metrics beyond the nonparametric bootstrap are now available to assess how robust a phylogenetic hypothesis may be, as well as new methods to quantify gene-tree discordance. We applied multiple branch-support metrics to a study of an ancient group of marine fishes (Teleostei: Pelagiaria) whose interfamilial relationships have proven difficult to resolve due to a rapid accumulation of lineages very early in its history. We analyzed hundreds of loci including published ultraconserved elements and newly generated exonic data along with their flanking regions to represent all 16 extant families for more than 150 out of 284 valid species in the group. Branch support was typically lower at inter- than intra-familial relationships regardless of the type of marker used. Several nodes that were highly supported with bootstrap had a very low site and gene-tree concordance, revealing underlying conflict. Despite this conflict, we were able to identify four consistent interfamilial clades, each comprised of two or three families. Combining exons with their flanking regions also produced increased branch lengths at the deep branches of the pelagiarian tree. Our results demonstrate the limitations of employing current metrics of branch support and species-tree estimation when assessing the confidence of ancient evolutionary radiations and emphasize the necessity to embrace alternative measurements to explore phylogenetic uncertainty and discordance in phylogenomic data sets.