关键词： 中国共产党   其他政党   区别   显著标志   公式  

摘要： 科学揭示中国共产党的本质特征,回答好“中国共产党是一个什么样的政党”重大命题,可以从中国共产党区别于其他政党的显著标志的比较视角入手。以习近平同志为代表的中国共产党人从理论与实践、人民与政党、党员与党组织、一党长期执政与权力制约监督等关系方面,在坚持和继承毛泽东同志提出的“理论联系实际、密切联系群众、批评与自我批评”“三大显著标志说”的基础上,提出了“人民立场”和“自我革命”“两大显著标志说”。基于政治理想、政治制度与政治实践的有机结合,可以提炼出中国共产党区别于其他政党的十大显著标志,即以人民解放为使命,中国共产党奉行共产主义的崇高政治理想;以人民利益为依归,中国共产党奉行全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨;以理论创新为指引,中国共产党成为领导国家与社会发展的思想发动机;以先进性纯洁性为根本,中国共产党旗帜鲜明地重视政治建设;以人民立场为方法,中国共产党奉行以人为本的政治价值观;以人民情怀为取向,中国共产党运用群众路线的情感方法;以人民监督为镜鉴,中国共产党实行批评与自我批评的工作作风;以自我约束为手段,中国共产党践行自我革命的创新品格;以民主集中制为原则,中国共产党加强执政能力建设;以贡献人生为职志,中国共产党弘扬自我奉献的革命精神。中国共产党区别于其他政党的十大显著标志,可以汇结为一个根本公式——始终坚持中国共产党的领导,而中国共产党领导的成功之道的具体公式(“中国共产党公式”),可以概括为“先锋队组织+马克思主义理论+先进分子+政治家集团+铁的纪律+民主集中制+统一战线+自我革命等等等等++=总和=中国共产党”。

关键词： antibodies   children   Fc-mediated function   HIV   neutralizing function   vaccines  

摘要： Objectives: Antibody function has been extensively studied in HIV-infected adults but is relatively understudied in children. Emerging data suggests enhanced development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in children but Fc effector functions in this group are less well defined. Here, we profiled overall antibody function in HIV-infected children. Design: Plasma samples from a cross-sectional study of 50 antiretroviral therapy-naive children (aged 1-11 years) vertically infected with HIV-1 clade A were screened for HIV-specific binding antibody levels and neutralizing and Fc-mediated functions. Methods: Neutralization breadth was determined against a globally representative panel of 12 viruses. HIV-specific antibody levels were determined using a multiplex assay. Fc-mediated antibody functions measured were antibody-dependent: cellular phagocytosis (ADCP);neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP);complement deposition (ADCD) and natural killer function (ADNK). Results: All children had HIV gp120-specific antibodies, largely of the IgG(1) subtype. Fifty-four percent of the children exhibited more than 50% neutralization breadth, with older children showing significantly broader neutralization activity. Apart from ADCC, observed only in 16% children, other Fc-mediated functions were common (>58% children). Neutralization breadth correlated with Fc-mediated functions suggesting shared determinants of enhanced antibody function exist. Conclusions: These results are consistent with previous observations that children may develop high levels of neutralization breadth. Furthermore, the striking association between neutralization breadth and Fc effector function suggests that HIV vaccination in children could yield multifunctional antibodies. Paediatric populations may therefore provide an ideal window of opportunity for HIV vaccination strategies.

关键词： 噻唑锌   马铃薯   疮痂病   防治效果  

摘要： 为提高马铃薯细菌性病害防治效果,通过20%噻唑锌悬浮种衣剂一次性拌种,在田间试验条件下,对马铃薯黑胫病、马铃薯青枯病、马铃薯环腐病、马铃薯疮痂病4个细菌性病害进行调查研究。结果表明:20%噻唑锌悬浮种衣剂一次性拌种可以有效控制马铃薯生育期细菌性病害,对马铃薯黑胫病、马铃薯青枯病和马铃薯环腐病防治效果最好,防效分别达到75%以上、100%和74.93%以上。20%噻唑锌悬浮剂用量1.20 kg·hm^(-2)对马铃薯疮痂病防治效果最好,防效为74.31%,并有明显的增产效果,与空白对照相比增产20.94%。

关键词： 新词   鸡娃   释义  

摘要： 新词"鸡娃"是当前"教育焦虑"的直接反映,从词性上看可以是名词,也可以是动词,其产生发展有内容、构词和表达上的深层原因。以"鸡"为核心语素,以"鸡娃"为基本指向,扩容衍生出系列"X鸡"词群成员,具备现代汉语中"隐语"或"黑话"的典型特征。

关键词： 石碑   则天文字   李庄   戎州场  

摘要： 宜宾市博物院藏有唐天授武曌异体字戎州碑一通,出土地点在李庄。该碑中出现异体字“则天文字”。“戎州场”则证明:李庄在武周王朝时为重要的“蕃汉互市”贸易地。

关键词： adherence   Australia   gay and bisexual men   HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis   implementation study  

摘要： Objectives: To examine patterns of long-term pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence and its association with HIV seroconversion in NSW, Australia. Design: Population-based HIV PrEP implementation study. Methods: Expanded PrEP Implementation in Communities in New South Wales was an open-label study of daily oral PrEP which recruited participants from March 2016 to April 2018. Adherence was measured using dispensing records. PrEP discontinuation was defined as an at least 120-day period without PrEP coverage. Long-term adherence patterns were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Results: Participants dispensed at least once (n = 9586) were almost all male (98.5%), identified as gay (91.3%), with a median age of 34 years (range: 18-86). Of the 6460 (67.4%) participants who had at least 9 months of follow-up since first dispensing, 1942 (30.1%) discontinued. Among these, 292 (15.0%) restarted later. Four distinct groups were identified ['Steep decline' in adherence (15.8%), 'Steady decline' (11.6%), 'Good adherence' (37.4%), and 'Excellent adherence' (35.2%)]. Older (P < 0.001) and gay-identified (P < 0.001) participants were more likely to have higher adherence, so were those living in postcodes with a higher proportion of gay-identified male residents (P < 0.001). Conversely, those who at baseline reported recent crystal methamphetamine use and had a recent diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection (STI) had lower adherence (P < 0.001). Overall HIV incidence was 0.94 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 0.49-1.81;n = 9) and was highest in the 'steep decline' group (5.45 per 1000 person-years;P = 0.001). Conclusion : About 15% of participants stopped PrEP during study follow-up and were at increased risk of HIV infection. They were more likely to be younger and report a recent STI or methamphetamine use prior to PrEP initiation.

关键词： 人类   其他生物   固有价值  

摘要： 在东西方哲学中,人类属于比动物和植物更高级的生物,这是一个由来已久的传统。伦巴迪支持人类比其他生物具有更大固有价值的主张,并提出一些观点来说明如何可能以这种方式设想人类与非人类之间的关系,但他似乎没有成功地说服我们相信人类确实比动植物具有更大的固有价值。要探讨这个问题,有必要弄清楚一些基本概念,如固有价值与直接的善和内在价值等。从这个价值体系出发,我认为作为地球整个生命共同体的成员,动植物的固有价值和我们人类的固有价值是相同的。

关键词： hair   forensic proteomics   genetically variant peptides   human identification   proteomic genotyping  

摘要： Protein is a major component of all biological evidence. Proteomic genotyping is the use of genetically variant peptides (GVPs) that contain single-amino-acid polymorphisms to infer the genotype of matching nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms for the individual from whom the protein sample originated. This can be used to statistically associate an individual to evidence found at a crime scene. The utility of the inferred genotype increases as the detection of GVPs increases, which is the direct result of technology transfer to mass spectrometry platforms typically available. Digests of single (2 cm) human hair shafts from three European and two African subjects were analyzed using datadependent acquisition on a Q-Exactive Plus Hybrid QuadrupoleOrbitrap system, data-independent acquisition and a variant of parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid system, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) on an Agilent 6495 triple quadrupole system. In our hands, average GVP detection from a selected panel of 24 GVPs increased from 6.5 +/- 1.1 and 3.1 +/- 0.8 using data-dependent and -independent acquisition to 9.5 +/- 0.7 and 11.7 +/- 1.7 using PRM and MRM (p < 0.05), respectively. PRM resulted in a 1.3-fold increase in detection sensitivity, and MRM resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in detection sensitivity. This increase in biomarker detection has a functional impact on the statistical association of a protein sample and an individual. Increased biomarker sensitivity, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo modeling, produced a median-estimated random match probability of over 1 in 10 trillion from a single hair using targeted proteomics. For PRM and MRM, detected GVPs were validated by the inclusion of stable isotope-labeled peptides in each sample, which served also as a detection trigger. This research accomplishes two aims: the demonstration of utility for alternative analytical platforms in proteomic genotyping and the establishment of validat

关键词： 棉花   有机硼   细胞壁硼   硼分配   矿质元素   吸收利用  

摘要： 【目的】研究外施不同形态硼对棉花吸收利用硼及其他矿质元素的影响。【方法】采用土培方法,以中棉所83为试验材料,设置空白对照、无机硼酸(硼酸)、有机硼(硼酸二甘油酯)3个处理,施硼量均为1.00 mg·kg^(-1),棉花生长65 d后取样并测定相关指标。【结果】施用无机硼酸和有机硼均促进了棉花细胞壁和叶绿体的发育,增加了棉花叶、茎和根部及其细胞壁的硼含量,同时促进了棉花对磷和镁的吸收,但减少了棉花对钙的吸收,使单株生物量分别增加15.09%和22.49%。相比无机硼酸,有机硼处理对棉花叶和茎硼含量的增加效果更显著,增幅分别为16.88%和10.72%,且增加的主要为移动性高的自由态硼或原生质体硼。【结论】有机硼较无机硼酸更有利于植物对硼的吸收利用。

关键词： 异体字   字源   异写   异构   正体字  

摘要： 自《第一批异体字整理表》(1955)发布以来,学界对异体字的规范问题始终争论不休。但学者们对异体字之讨论始终存在研究范围宽窄不定、研究对象模糊不清等问题。本文对近三十年来学界关于异体字规范问题的研究进行述评,着重关注异体字界定时对字源因素的强调,异体字成因中"异写""异构"概念的提出,以及在选择正体字时应采取的态度。