关键词： Asymmetric protonation   Bronsted acid   Catalysis   Cross-coupling   Enantioselectivity  

摘要： An alternative synthesis of cycloalkyl-substituted CPA catalysts is reported. A Negishi coupling offers improved yields and purity of the necessary 1,3,5-tri(cycloalkyl)benzenes. Limitations in the use of commercial organozinc reagents have been identified and a robust procedure for the preparation of these reagents is detailed. Similarly, a robust procedure for the key Kumada coupling is also provided. The route is demonstrated by preparation of three different tri(cycloalkyl)aryl-substituted CPAs and the utility of these catalysts in asymmetric protonation reactions is shown.

关键词： 《朱子治家格言》德育思想   学习与启示  

摘要： 修身齐家是中华文化的重要特征,是社会对个人的最基本的要求,是个人的根本学问.名著《战国策》中说有用的个人"上要臣其君,下要齐其家,中要索交诸侯",较早的把齐家当做对个人的要求.一直到了当代,这个传统一直延续下来.齐家的学问一直很丰富.在明末,有部朱子治家格言,就是修身齐家的经验总结,被誉为"治家之经".文中论述了齐家的方方面面,有很鲜明有用的德育思想,旗帜鲜明的提出孝友勤俭的道德要求.在学习上,读书上主张修身、学习圣贤之道,担负起齐家治国平天下的重大职责.在历史的长河里,对中华民族的永续发展起到了不可估量的巨大影响和作用.

关键词： Alternative fuel vehicles   Sustainable road transportation   Fuzzy FUCOM   MARCOS   Neutrosophic fuzzy sets   GHG emissions  

摘要： Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are one of the biggest challenging environmental problems globally, which leads countries to reduce their environmental impact in various disciplines. One of the most negative effects on the environment can be seen in the transportation area. It has been seen as a promising way to reduce emissions from transport with various alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). This study aims to develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to prioritize the various AFVs for sustainable transport. The assessment of AFVs can be considered an MCDM problem due to the involvement of several conflicting criteria. We thus develop a novel multi-criteria decision-making methodology based on fuzzy Full Consistency Method (FUCOM-F) and neutrosophic fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) framework for the assessment of the AFVs. The proposed methodology is applied to prioritize the various AFVs in New Jersey, U.S. According to the findings, the most significant drivers for AFV selection are purchase cost, energy cost, and social benefits, respectively. The evaluation results also show that electric vehicles can serve as an effective approach to reducing carbon emissions for New Jersey. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted to indicate the out-performance of the proposed multi-criteria methodology. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stabilized rammed earth   Pulp mill fly ash   Alkali-silicate activation   Compressive strength   Freeze-thaw durability   Microstructural analysis   Environmental evaluation   Waste recycling   Climate resilience   Sustainability  

摘要： Sustainable rammed earth (RE) material was formulated using pulp mill fly ash (PFA), an industrial waste product, as an alternative low carbon cementing material. The alkali-silicate activation of PFA in RE showed substantial strength improvement. However, combinations of calcium bentonite clay and raw PFA without activation imparted significantly better frost resilience properties. The recommended RE formulation with 5% PFA, 5% Portland cement and 15% bentonite showed 3.56 MPa compressive strength at 28 days curing and retained 92% strength after 12 freeze-thaw cycles. Further, the leachate analysis revealed that the cementitious reaction products immobilized toxic elements within the stabilized RE matrix. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： alternative splicing   origin of life   cell survival   genes   essential   genome   introns   mammals   ribosomes   rna splicing   rna-binding proteins   spliceosomes   antibodies   rna   adaptor signaling protein   complex  

摘要： RNA provides the framework for the assembly of some of the most intricate macromolecular complexes within the cell, including the spliceosome and the mature ribosome. The assembly of these complexes relies on the coordinated association of RNA with hundreds of trans-acting protein factors. While some of these trans-acting factors are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), others are adaptor proteins, and others still, function as both. Defects in the assembly of these complexes results in a number of human pathologies including neurodegeneration and cancer. Here, we demonstrate that Silencing Defective 2 (SDE2) is both an RNA binding protein and also a trans-acting adaptor protein that functions to regulate RNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis. SDE2 depletion leads to widespread changes in alternative splicing, defects in ribosome biogenesis and ultimately complete loss of cell viability. Our data highlight SDE2 as a previously uncharacterized essential gene required for the assembly and maturation of the complexes that carry out two of the most fundamental processes in mammalian cells. [GRAPHICS] .

关键词： biohydrogen   Rhodopseudomonas palustris   genetic toolset   alternative nitrogenases   gene overexpression   insertional mutagenesis  

摘要： The phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris is emerging as a promising biotechnological chassis organism, due to its resilience to a range of harsh conditions, a wide metabolic repertoire, and the ability to quickly regenerate ATP using light. However, realization of this promise is impeded by a lack of efficient, rapid methods for genetic modification. Here, we present optimized tools for generating chromosomal insertions and deletions employing electroporation as a means of transformation. Generation of markerless strains can be completed in 12 days, approximately half the time for previous conjugation-based methods. This system was used for overexpression of alternative nitrogenase isozymes with the aim of improving biohydrogen productivity. Insertion of the pucBa promoter upstream of vnf and anf nitrogenase operons drove robust overexpression up to 4000-fold higher than wild-type. Transcript quantification was facilitated by an optimized high-quality RNA extraction protocol employing lysis using detergent and heat. Overexpression resulted in increased nitrogenase protein levels, extending to superior hydrogen productivity in bioreactor studies under nongrowing conditions, where promoter-modified strains better utilized the favorable energy state created by reduced competition from cell division. Robust heterologous expression driven by the pucBa promoter is thus attractive for energy-intensive biosyntheses suited to the capabilities of R. palustris. Development of this genetic modification toolset will accelerate the advancement of R. palustris as a biotechnological chassis organism, and insights into the effects of nitrogenase overexpression will guide future efforts in engineering strains for improved hydrogen production.

关键词： Coal flotation   surface hydrophobicity   FTIR   FBRM   droplet size  

摘要： Vegetable oils are sustainable and used as raw material in many industrial areas. For coal flotation cleaning industry, hydrocarbon oils are always required as the flotation collector. If the vegetable oils can replace the hydrocarbon oils in coal flotation cleaning, the coal preparation industry will become sustainable. The aim of this paper was to study the efficiency and mechanism of anthracite coal flotation using soybean oil as the collector to replace the kerosene. The flotation behavior of fine coal using soybean oil as the collector was better than that using kerosene as the collector. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated soybean oil contained plenty of fatty acids and carbonyl functional groups which might be bonded with coal surface through hydrogen bonding between these similar hydrophilic functional groups. Therefore, coal hydrophobicity using soybean oil as the collector was higher than that using kerosene as the collector. Additionally, focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) results indicated the droplet size of kerosene was much larger than that of soybean oil at the same stirring intensity. A better dispersion of oil collector in the flotation pulp enhanced the collision and attachment efficiency of coal-oil droplet. Therefore, the surface hydrophobicity and flotation recovery of fine coal were both improved as well as the coal flotation becomes sustainable by using soybean oil as an alternative sustainable collector.

摘要： Neuronal alternative splicing is a key gene regulatory mechanism in the brain. However, the spliceosome machinery is insufficient to fully specify splicing complexity. In considering the role of the epigenome in activity dependent alternative splicing, we and others find the histone modification H3K36me3 to be a putative splicing regulator. In this study, we found that mouse cocaine self-administration caused widespread differential alternative splicing, concomitant with the enrichment of H3K36me3 at differentially spliced junctions. Importantly, only targeted epigenetic editing can distinguish between a direct role of H3K36me3 in splicing and an indirect role via regulation of splice factor expression elsewhere on the genome. We targeted Srsf11, which was both alternatively spliced and H3K36me3 enriched in the brain following cocaine self -administration. Epigenetic editing of H3K36me3 at Srsf11 was sufficient to drive its alternative splicing and enhanced cocaine self-administration, establishing the direct causal relevance of H3K36me3 to alternative splicing of Srsf11 and to reward behavior.

关键词： Follicle growth suppression   GnRH vaccine   Nelore breed   In vitro embryo production  

摘要： The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active immunization against GnRH in Nelore (Bos indicus) cows repeatedly used as oocyte donors that developed chronic cystic ovarian disease (COD). In the first experiment, ovarian and uterine features were first compared between COD cows (n = 15) and healthy cows (n = 22, cycling control group) from the same breed and herd. Cows with COD had a greater number of large (P < 0.0001) and medium follicles (P < 0.01) but lesser small follicles (P < 0.05) than cycling controls. Mucometra was diagnosed in 73.3% of COD cows, but in none of the controls. No difference in average thickness of the endometrium was detected between groups;however, endometrial thickness and mucometra score were negatively correlated (R = -0.73, P = 0.0029) in COD cows. In the second experiment, COD cows were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, which received two 1.0 mL SC injections of either an anti-GnRH vaccine (COD immunized group, n = 8) or saline (COD control group, n = 7), given 28 days apart. Cows were examined weekly by transrectal ultrasonography during nine consecutive weeks after the first injection to evaluate the number and distribution of follicles among size classes, endometrial thickness, and presence of clinical mucometra. Vaccination against GnRH resulted in a progressive suppression of follicle growth and a reduction in the average size of the largest follicle, as well as in the number of large follicles (P < 0.01) in COD immunized cows compared with COD controls from week 7 onwards. Conversely, the number of small follicles in the COD immunized group increased after week 5 and was greater (P = 0.0023) than controls on week 9. Endometrial thickness and mucometra score were not affected (P > 0.05) by immunization against GnRH. In the third experiment, the COD immunized cows with effective suppression of follicle growth four weeks after the 2nd injection (n = 6) were submitted to three consecutive ovum pick-up (OPU)