关键词： Carbon dioxide  

摘要： An unprecedented strategy has been developed involving the earth-abundant Cu-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of alkynes with HCOOH to (E)-acrylic derivatives with high regio- and stereoselectivity via synergistic effects with ppm levels of a Pd catalyst. Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes bearing various functional groups were successfully hydrocarboxylated with HCOOH, and the modification of a pharmaceutical molecule exemplified the practicability of this process. This protocol employs HCOOH as both a CO surrogate and hydrogen donor with 100% atom economy and it can be viewed as an alternative approach for indirect CO2 utilization. Mechanistic investigations indicate a Cu/ppm Pd cooperative catalysis mechanism via alkenylcopper species as potential intermediates formed from Cu-hydride active catalytic species with HCOOH as a hydrogen source. This bimetallic system involving inexpensive Cu and trace Pd provides a reliable and efficient hydrocarboxylation method to access industrially useful acrylic derivatives with HCOOH as a hydrogen source, and it provides novel clues for optimizing other Cu-H-related co-catalytic systems.

关键词： Industrial research  

摘要： Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) is a key technology for the production of pharmaceutical grade peptides, although it represents the worst modality in the pharma segment when considering its Process Mass Intensity (PMI). Consequently, academic and industrial research teams have focused their attention on greening SPPS protocols by introducing more sustainable alternatives to the most common reagents and solvents. In this context, 3-(diethylamino)propylamine (DEAPA) was identified to be a viable alternative to piperidine for Fmoc removal. In addition, the use of DEAPA in N-octyl-pyrrolidone (manual synthesis) or N-octyl pyrrolidone/dimethyl carbonate 8/2 v/v (automated synthesis) was proved to be able to minimize the formation of side products like diastereoisomers and aspartimide-containing derivatives.

关键词： alternative splicing   carcinogenesis   papillary thyroid cancer   prognosis   The Cancer Genome Atlas  

摘要： As a key mechanism, alternative splicing (AS) plays a role in the cancer initiation and development. However, in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), data for the comprehensive AS event profile and its clinical implications are lacking. Herein, a genome-wide AS event profiling using RNA-Seq data and its correlation with matched clinical information was performed using a 389 PTC patient cohort from the project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 1,925 cancer-associated AS events (CASEs) by comparing paired tumors and neighboring healthy tissues. Parent genes with CASEs remarkably enriched in the pathways were linked with carcinogenesis, such as P53, KRAS, IL6-JAK-STAT3, apoptosis, and MYC signaling. The regulatory networks of AS implied an obvious correlation between the expression of splicing factor and CASE. We identified eight CASEs as predictors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The established risk score model based on DFS-associated CASEs successfully predicted the prognosis of PTC patients. From the unsupervised clustering analysis results, it is found that different clusters based on AS correlated with prognosis, molecular features, and immune characteristics. Taken together, the comprehensive genome-wide AS landscape analysis in PTC showed new AS events linked with tumorigenesis and prognosis, which provide new insights for clinical monitoring and therapy for PTC. © 2021 Zheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

关键词： Conformal prediction   data augmentation   electronic nose   herbal medicine   semi-supervised learning  

摘要： Electronic nose has been proven effective in alternative herbal medicine classification, but due to the nature of supervised learning, previous research heavily relies on the labelled training data, which are time-costly and labor-intensive to collect. To alleviate the critical dependency on the training data in real-world applications, this study aims to improve classification accuracy via data augmentation strategies. The effectiveness of five data augmentation strategies under different training data inadequacy are investigated in two scenarios: the noise-free scenario where different availabilitiesof unlabelleddatawere considered, and the noisy scenario where different levels of Gaussian noises and translational shift were added to represent sensor drift. The five augmentation strategies, namely noise-adding data augmentation, semi-supervised learning, classifier-based online learning, Inductive Conformal Prediction (ICP) online learning and our novel ensemble ICP online learning (EICP) proposed in this study, are compared against supervised learning baselines, with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifiers. This study provides a systematic analysis of different augmentation strategies. Our novel strategy, EICP, outperforms the others by showing non-decreasing classification accuracy on all tasks and a significant improvement on most simulated tasks (25 out of 36 tasks, p <= 0.05), which demonstrated both effectiveness and robustness in boosting the classificationmodel generalizability. This strategy can be employed in other machine learning applications.

摘要： Nokes discusses the study by S. A. Joosten et al on oxygen therapy for patients who do not respond to upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The future of OSA treatment will likely be tailored on the basis of underlying patient traits. The gold standard therapy for OSA is continuous positive airway pressure, but adherence remains variable. A group and others have defined multiple OSA endophenolypes with these ideas in mind. It is unclear which patients may have the greatest benefit from upper airway surgery. Furthermore, upper airway surgical procedures are not standardized, and many individuals have residual sleep apnea despite surgical intervention. One OSA endotype of note includes patients with elevated loop.

关键词： 贝伐单抗   化疗   复发卵巢癌   护理  

摘要： 总结贝伐单抗联合其他化疗药物治疗复发卵巢癌患者的护理体会。方法:纳入本单位2019年01月至2020年12月收治的60例复发卵巢癌患者作为研究样本,采用随机数字表法分组,其中30例为对照组,采取常规护理;另30例为实验组,采取优质护理;比较两组护理满意度与生活质量量表(SF-36)差异。结果:两组干预前的SF-36评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,实验组SF-36评分高于对照组,且该组的护理满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:优质护理能够改善卵巢癌复发患者接受贝伐单抗联合其他化疗药物治疗期间的生活质量,应用满意度高。

关键词： Technical jet fuels   Synthetic fuels   Speciation   Soot precursor   Laminar flow reactor   Combustion kinetics  

摘要： A comprehensive collection of technical aviation fuels enabled an experimental and numerical study on detailed combustion chemistry and pollutant formation presented in a series of 3 interlinking parts. Part-I: Experimental Flow Reactor Study focuses on the characterization of 42 technical jet fuels and provides experimental speciation data for model development presented in Part-II: Model and Surrogate Strategy. Model validation based on the presented technical fuels here is presented in Part-III: Model Application on Technical Jet Fuels. The fuels investigated in this study cover a broad range of approved SAFs (Sustainable Aviation Fuels), candidates for approval, and technical products outside the present ASTM-D7566 specification and is completed by reference fuels (ASTM-D1655). This includes SAF components such as HEFA (Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids), ATJ (Alcohol-To-Jet), SIP (Synthesized Iso-Paraffins), and Fischer-Tropsch-products as well as their blends. A systematic investigation of the soot precursor chemistry by analyzing the influence of the complex chemical fuel composition on the intermediate species pool is presented. The experimental set-up consists of an atmospheric flow reactor with coupled molecular-beam mass spectrometer (MBMS). Quantitative evolution of combustion reaction intermediates is recorded for fuel-rich (phi = 1.2) and fuel-lean (phi = 0.8) conditions at intermediate temperatures up to 1200 K including small intermediate species (e.g. ethylene, butene) and soot precursor species (e.g. benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene). A general systematic dependency of the soot precursor concentration on the degree of unsaturation (Index of Hydrogen Deficiency) or the hydrogen content, respectively, is demonstrated. Furthermore, larger soot precursor concentrations depend on the naphthalene content of the fuel.

关键词： 思辨人格倾向   英语专业   其他文科专业   民办院校  

摘要： 本文采用问卷调查对比研究了民办院校英语专业学生与其他文科专业的思辨人格倾向。研究结果显示:就思辨人格倾向的总体情况来看,英语专业与其他文科专业学生之间存在显著差异,比文科类学生更为积极、正面。英语专业课程改革在即,提高学生的思辨能力,把思维训练纳入英语专业教学之中,同时教师接受思辨能力的培训,这样英语专业的学生才能有更大的竞争力。

关键词： Boundary arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian   Deformable domains   Mesh deformation   Lagrangian   Eulerian  

摘要： Many physical problems can be modelled by partial differential equations (PDEs) on unknown domains. Several examples can be easily found in the dynamics of free interfaces in fluid dynamics, solid mechanics or in fluid-solid interactions. To solve these equations in an arbitrary domain with nonlinear deformations, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is in widespread use. For this method, a change of spatial variables is used, which should fulfil a given partial differential equation in the domain together with boundary conditions at the boundary. In the normal direction, the boundary should follow the material point, thus using a Lagrangian approach, whereas in the tangential direction, there are infinite possibilities. In this direction, whereas in solid mechanics a Lagrangian approach is common, in fluid mechanics an Eulerian approach is usually more convenient. Alternative approaches are also usually taken which are problem (physics and geometry) dependent, not always valid and may eventually lead to large mesh deformations. We propose a method to determine the tangential displacement of the boundary based on the boundary displacement fulfilling a boundary partial differential equation, which does not depend on the problem and leads to an uniform deformation of the mesh. Due to the analogy with the ALE method, we refer to this as Differential Boundary Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (DBALE) method. We illustrate the advantages of the method concerning problem independency and capabilities to control the mesh distortion by means of reference and real problems. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reaction mechanism   Aviation fuels   Validation   Hydrocarbons   Oxygenates   Soot precursors  

摘要： Conventional transportation fuels used in aviation (jet fuel) or in ground transportation (gasoline, diesel) contain multitude of hydrocarbon components and are difficult to be modeled, if one has to consider each of the component present. A typical approach is the definition of a fuel surrogate with a limited number of fuel components. In this context, a single semi-detailed high temperature reaction kinetic mechanism is presented in this work, which contains all the important molecular classes required for the detailed surrogate modeling of a hydrocarbon fuel. The appeal of the mechanism is the suitability for a broad range of technical fuels covering gasoline, diesel and jet fuels. The reaction mechanism for hydrocarbon combustion is consisted of 238 species and 1814 reactions and is rigorously validated for 70 neat hydrocarbon components over a wide range of experimental conditions including combustion setups such as shock-tubes, laminar flames, jet-stirred and flow reactors. The purpose of this study is to provide a single reaction model that (1) includes variety of hydrocarbon molecules of varying degree of complexity and carbon numbers, (2) has capability to model a spectrum of different fuels, initially aviation fuels, and (3) is compact to apply both in simple (fundamental kinetic investigations) and complex geometries (CFD studies) of combustion system enabled through customized mechanism reductions. The ultimate goal is to resolve the fuel differences using the model predictions obtained from the reaction mechanism that will supply parameters for fuel design and optimization of fuels. Extensive supporting information is available in this work.