摘要： Motivation: Gene alternative splicing plays an important role in development, tissue specialization and disease and differences in splicing patterns can reveal important factors for phenotypic differentiation. While multiple computational methods exist to determine splicing differences, there is a need for user-friendly visualizations that present an intuitive view of the data and work across methods. Results: We developed a toolkit, Jutils, for visualizing differential splicing events at the intron (splice junction) level. Jutils is method-agnostic, converting individual tools' output into a unified representation and using it to create visualizations. Jutils creates three types of visualizations, namely heatmaps of absolute and Z-score normalized splice ratios, sashimi plots and Venn diagrams of results from multiple comparisons. Jutils is lightweight, relying solely on the unified data file for visualizations.

关键词： African catfish   Animal ingredients   Plant ingredients   Digestible amino acids   Feeding level  

摘要： Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients and individual amino acids (AA) for 13 feed ingredients as affected by feeding level were determined for African catfish, a species of economic importance in Africa. Results from two trials are reported. In each trial, ADC were determined using a reference diet and test diets with yttrium oxide as indicator. Juvenile African catfish (averaging 53.9 g, trial 1;40.4 g, trial 2) were stocked in tanks connected to a common recirculation aquaculture system. Ingredients tested included hydrolysed feather meal (HFM), fishmeal (FM), insect meal (IM), soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SFM), poultry meal (PM), corn dried distillers grains with solubles (CDDGS), faba beans (FB), lupine meal (LM), pea protein (PP), guar meal (GM), canola meal (CM) and yeast meal (YM). The effect of feeding level on ADC was determined by feeding fish restrictively (80% satiation) for 5 weeks and subsequently to apparent satiation for 2 weeks. Inclusion of yeast meal at 30% resulted in low palatability. ADC of nutrients were significantly affected by feeding level (except for fat and carbohydrate), but the effect was ingredient-dependent. African catfish was able to digest protein very effectively in almost all tested ingredients with ADC values ranging from 85.6 to 105.1% across feeding periods. Several ingredients tested, including animal protein ingredients and YM had similar high ADC for dry matter as FM. However, the ADC of AA differ among ingredients, indicating a need for digestible amino acid profile data. Methionine (Met) was the first limiting essential amino acid in HFM, FB, and LM with values ranging from 5-6 g/kg, expressed as digestible Met (dMet) per unit of digestible protein (DP), compared to FM (27 g dMet/kg DP). IM had comparable and sometimes higher overall digestible essential AA values compared to FM, except for methionine and lysine. For oilseeds and legumes, SBM tended to be the best quality AA source, as it had the

关键词： SWAT   Precipitation   Climate   CFSR   TRMM   APHRODITE  

摘要： Alternative climate products, such as gauge-based gridded data, ground-based weather radar, satellite precipitation and climate reanalysis products, are being increasingly applied for hydrological modelling. This review aims to summarize the studies that have evaluated alternative climate products within Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) applications and to propose future research directions, primarily for modelers who wish to study limited gauge, ungauged or transnational river basins. A total of 126 articles have been identified since 2004, the majority of which have been published within the last five years. About 58% of the studies were conducted in Asia, mostly in China and India, while another 14% were reported for United States studies. CFSR and TRMM are the most popular applied products in SWAT modelling, followed by PERSIANN, CMADS, APHRODITE, CHIRPS and NEXRAD. Generally, the performance of climate products is region-dependent;e.g., CFSR typically performs well in the United States and South America, but performs more poorly for Asia, Africa and mountainous basin conditions, as compared to other products. In contrast, the CMADS, TRMM, APRHODITE and NEXRAD have shown the strongest capability for supporting SWAT modelling in these regions. However, most of the evaluated products contain only precipitation input;therefore, merging reliable precipitation with CFSR-temperature is recommended for hydro-climatic modelling. Future research directions include: (1) examination of optimal combinations;e.g. CHIRPS-precipitation and CFSR-temperature, for simulating streamflow in different types of river basins;(2) development of a standardized validation scheme which incorporates the commonly accepted products, statistical approaches and temperature variables;(3) further evaluation of existing climate data products to accurately capture extreme events, pattern and indices as well as WGEN statistics;(4) improvement of climate data in terms of averaging approach, bia

摘要： The complement system is an important part of innate immunity. Complement activation leads to formation of convertase enzymes, switch of their specificity from C3 to C5 cleavage, and generation of lytic membrane attack complexes (C5b-9) on surfaces of pathogens. Most C5 cleavage occurs via the complement alternative pathway (AP). The regulator properdin promotes generation and stabilization of AP convertases. However, its role in C5 activation is not yet understood. In this work, we showed that serum properdin is essential for LPS-and zymosan-induced C5b-9 generation and C5b-9-mediated lysis of rabbit erythrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated its essential role in C5 cleavage by AP convertases. To this end, we developed a hemolytic assay in which AP convertases were generated on rabbit erythrocytes by using properdin-depleted serum in the presence of C5 inhibitor (step 1), followed by washing and addition of purified C5-C9 components to allow C5b-9 formation (step 2). In this assay, addition of purified properdin to properdin-depleted serum during convertase formation (step 1) was required to restore C5 cleavage and C5b-9-mediated hemolysis. Importantly, C5 convertase activity was also fully restored when properdin was added together with C5b-9 components (step 2), thus after convertase formation. Moreover, with C3-depleted serum, not capable of forming new convertases but containing properdin, in step 2 of the assay, again full C5b-9 formation was observed and blocked by addition of properdin inhibitor Salp20. Thus, properdin is essential for the convertase specificity switch toward C5, and this function is independent of properdin's role in new convertase formation.

关键词： Daphnia magna   Shed carapace length   Alternative growth endpoint  

摘要： Daphnia magna is an important organism for exposure studies in ecotoxicology. Body length measurement of a daphnid is a useful endpoint that represents the adverse effects of exposed chemicals or conditions on growth. This study questioned whether stress on body length measurement conditions while maintaining Daphnia magna on a slide glass results in any impact to antioxidant enzyme activity or growth. At the same time, the shed carapace length was tested to see if it could predict body length and be used as an alternative endpoint. The measured catalase (CAT) activity decreased as the exposure time to the on-slide conditions increased from 30 s to 120 s, although glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was not affected. On the other hand, regression between body length and two parameters of shed carapace length showed R-2 values, 0.869 and 0.924. Growth measured for each molting for three weeks was not affected by the exposure to the on-slide conditions. Finally, this study confirmed potential oxidative stress based on the exposure time dependent CAT activity in Daphnia magna under microscopic observation. More importantly, the shed carapace length was validated to reflect body length and it implies applicability of the new parameters to sublethal effect measurement using Daphnia magna. This study suggests potential interference is possible with the traditional growth measurement method on antioxidant enzyme activity in Daphnia magna and proposes better experimental practices to avoid the interference. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 赛肤润   静脉滴注   氯化钾   静脉炎  

摘要： 分析赛肤润对于静脉滴注氯化钾所致静脉炎当前临床治疗的效果和使用的具体护理方法。方法:入选2019年10月到2020年10月在我院静脉滴注过程中因为氯化钾导致静脉炎的患儿共计60例,对照组中患者需要使用50%的硫酸镁去完成湿敷,观察组则需要使用赛肤润去完成涂抹之后,对其给予所需要的按摩治疗。两组患儿在实际进行治疗过程中针对患儿当前的静脉炎位置给予适当的按摩护理。两组患者在接受了1周的治疗之后针对临床效果给予所需要的比较。结果:观察组当前在治疗上整体的有效率为93.3%其获得的结果和对照组获得治疗整体的有效率53.3%相比高出很多,P<0.05。结论:在静脉滴注氯化钾所致的静脉炎治疗过程中对于赛肤润在临床上使用的效果比较理想,患者在实际进行治疗过程中的顺应性相对较高,便于操作,其在使用上的价格相对合理,可以被普遍的应用在当前临床治疗过程中。

关键词： Road transportation   GHG emission Reduction   Cost-effectiveness analysis   Low-carbon policy   Mixed policy  

摘要： This study analyzed the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential and cost of urban road transportation policies from a boarder perspective including tank-to-wheel (TTW) and well-to-wheel (WTW) assessments, with Chongqing in China taken as the case city. Three policies and two mixed policies, including improving the fuel economy of passenger cars, promoting electric vehicles (EVs), and promoting natural gas vehicles (NGVs), are analyzed in this study. The two groups of mixed policies are developed to analyze the interaction between the policies. The results indicate that all the policies will reduce TTW and WTW fuel consumption and GHG emissions from 2016 to 2035. During this period, promoting an NGV policy will have the smallest marginal abatement cost (MAC) but the smallest GHG reduction potential, and promoting an EV policy will have the largest MAC but the largest GHG reduction potential from TTW. However, considering the GHG emissions from upstream energy consumption, the GHG emission reduction from promoting the EV policy is reduced and that of improving the fuel economy via the motor vehicle policy will increase significantly, resulting in a larger MAC from WTW than from TTW. With the mixed policies, hedging effects impact fuel savings, GHG emission reductions, and MACs. We put forward some policy suggestions to provide a reference for the formulation and adjustment of China's urban road transportation policies to cost-effectively mitigate GHG emissions in the future.

关键词： Diss fibers   Boiled water treatment   Binder hydration   Compaction process   Micro-Analyses   Physico-mechanical properties  

摘要： The viability of using vegetable Ampelodesmos Mauritanicus (Diss) fibers to develop lightweight construction material was investigated in this paper. The objective of this work is to assess the physico-mechanical properties of Diss fibers reinforced concrete sample with fibers to binder volume ratio ranged from 0 (control specimen) to 4. In order to mitigate the inhibitory effect exerted by vegetable materials on binder hydration, Diss fibers were treated with hot water, while air lime-based binder has been selected to replace traditionally used cementitious binder. The most important part of this work is focused on the efficiency of using air lime-based binder to develop lightweight construction material containing Diss fibers. Air lime-based binder is the chosen variety of binder due to its abundance and low emissions from its manufacture. The experimental investigation of the chemical compatibility between treated fibers and binder through the hydration-test has shown the effectiveness of boiling water treatment on the modifications of morphological and mineralogical properties to overcome the inhibitory effect exerted when non-treated Diss fibers were used. The hardened specimen properties included dry density, porosity, compressive and flexural strengths, and elastic behavior have been studied. The results have indicated that despite a reduction in compressive strength, the reinforced specimen remains acceptable to be used in lightweight construction applications, as regards its compressive strength-value and lightening level. The flexural strength of reinforced specimen was found to be significantly enhanced. Depending on the amount of Diss fibers used in the mixture, it was found that the optimal addition of Diss fibers is in the range of 3 volumes content. The corresponding flexural strengthening rate has reached a value of 86.5 % higher, due to the several reinforcement mechanisms like the compaction process, Diss fiber bond reinforcement, and also the undi

关键词： RBFOX2   alternative polyadenylation   mitochondria   Slc25a4   Tropomyosin 1   nanopore sequencing   poly(A) sequencing  

摘要： RBFOX2, which has a well-established role in alternative splicing, is linked to heart diseases. However, it is unclear whether RBFOX2 has other roles in RNA processing that can influence gene expression in muscle cells, contributing to heart disease. Here, we employ both 3MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-end and nanopore cDNA sequencing to reveal a previously unrecognized role for RBFOX2 in maintaining alternative polyadenylation (APA) signatures in myoblasts. RBFOX2-mediated APA modulates mRNA levels and/or isoform expression of a collection of genes, including contractile and mitochondrial genes. Depletion of RBFOX2 adversely affects mitochondrial health in myoblasts, correlating with disrupted APA of mitochondrial gene Slc25a4. Mechanistically, RBFOX2 regulation of Slc25a4 APA is mediated through consensus RBFOX2 binding motifs near the distal polyadenylation site, enforcing the use of the proximal polyadenylation site. In sum, our results unveil a role for RBFOX2 in fine-tuning expression of mitochondrial and contractile genes via APA in myoblasts relevant to heart diseases.

关键词： Cloud manufacturing system   alternative process routing   consolidated production-distribution toward destination nodes strategy  

摘要： Cloud manufacturing as a new service-oriented business model transforms manufacturing resources into manufacturing services and manages them centrally via Cloud manufacturing platforms. Using distributed manufacturing resources is an opportunity to decrease the logistics and production costs by allocating tasks to manufacturing resources toward task destination nodes. Decomposing ordered tasks to several subtasks, allocating distributed manufacturing resources to tasks, scheduling manufacturing tasks, and select appropriate logistics strategies to deliver tasks to service providers are important activities that must be considered to improve the performance of a Cloud manufacturing system. This paper proposes a mathematical model to improve the performance of the Cloud manufacturing systems. To that end, task decomposition is implemented based on the alternative process routing concept. Decomposing each task to several manufacturing plans results in enhancing system flexibility and consequently improve the performance of cloud manufacturing. Besides, a consolidated production-distribution toward destination nodes strategy is employed to allocate and deliver tasks to manufacturing resources at minimum costs. The impacts of the alternative process routing concept and consolidated production-distribution toward destination nodes strategy are discussed by considering different scenarios and the capabilities of the proposed model have been demonstrated.