关键词： 小学科学   跨学科教学   教育资源   新课改   有机结合   学科联系   融合教学   学段  

摘要： 随着新课程标准的颁布和落实,在小学学科之间实行融合教学的呼声越来越高。而小学科学和其他学科之间存在着跨学科教学的优势条件,将其与各科有机结合,能方便教学,满足学生的学习与发展需求。本文主要围绕小学科学和其他学科的有机结合教学展开研讨。新课改中最重要的一点,就是实现学科间的融合,发挥学科的综合性,在各个学段的教学中,将不同的学科知识相互贯通,加强学科联系,培养学生的综合能力和综合素质,促进学生全面发展。

关键词： 小学英语   融合教学   教学模式  

摘要： 随着素质教育的不断发展,教育部越来越重视学科之间的联系,英语这门学科对于小学生而言十分重要,其不仅能够使学生满足人际交往的需求,同时也能够帮助学生获取其他学科的知识,提高学生的核心素养。因此教师在教学中要尊重学生的主体地位,在英语课堂中渗透其他学科的内容,使各个学科相互关联,提高学生学习英语的能力。鉴于此,本文从四个方面入手,对于小学英语与其他学科融合的教学策略进行了分析探究。

关键词： adeno-associated virus   complement   factor I   alternative pathway   immune modulation  

摘要： The complement system is a key component of innate immunity, but impaired regulation influences disease susceptibility, including age-related macular degeneration and some kidney diseases. While complete complement inhibition has been used successfully to treat acute kidney disease, key unresolved challenges include strategies to modulate rather than completely inhibit the system and to deliver therapy potentially over decades. Elevating concentrations of complement factor I (CFI) restricts complement activation in vitro and this approach was extended in the current study to modulate complement activation in vivo. Sustained increases in CFI levels were achieved using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to target the liver, inducing a 4- to 5-fold increase in circulating CFI levels. This led to decreased activity of the alternative pathway as demonstrated by a reduction in the rate of inactive C3b (iC3b) deposition and more rapid formation of C3 degradation products. In addition, vector application in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (NZBWF1), where tissue injury is, in part, complement dependent, resulted in reduced complement C3 and IgG renal deposition. Collectively, these data demonstrate that sustained elevation of CFI reduces complement activation in vivo providing proof-of-principle support for the therapeutic application of AAV gene delivery to modulate complement activation.

关键词： Small modular reactor   SMR   Power cycle   Thermodynamic analysis   Cycle optimization   Transcritical cycle   Supercritical cycle   Rankine cycle   Ethanol   Supercritical carbon dioxide  

摘要： To combat safety concerns and poor economics, research and commercialization of new nuclear power plants has focused on the development of small modular reactors. NuScale Power has developed a small modular reactor design based on natural convection cooling inside the reactor core. The energy conversion is provided by a regenerative Rankine cycle. This comparative study provides a research review of alternative power cycles designs suited for small modular pressurized water reactors. The candidate cycles are analyzed for overall thermal efficiencies (1st law) and their primary exergy destruction sources. To compare with the baseline regenerative Rankine cycle, key design variables for each cycle are optimized using a penalty method. Results reveal that the two alternative cycles of regenerative reheat Rankine and transcritical ethanol have promise as potential alternative replacements. The regenerative reheat Rankine cycle would be the simplest cycle to integrate into the current small modular design due to being similar to the current regenerative Rankine cycle. Conversely, the transcritical ethanol cycle shows higher thermal efficiency but would requires more research to assess the viability through better understanding of its cycle design, component development and costs, and safety implications.

关键词： Lignopolymer   ADL-composites   Amino-derivatized lignin   Oxi-copolymerization   Peroxidase enzyme   Enhanced support   Lipase immobilization  

摘要： Amino-derivatized lignocomposite (ADL-composite) has been designed as an artificial lignin polymer (P1) of monolignol (coniferyl alcohol, CA) enhanced by aniline insertion (P2). The derivatized lignopolymeric (P2) layer covered the surface of a methacrylate particles (SC2/SC6) functionalized previously with amino phenolic crosslinker (p-phenylenediamine (p-Ph-2-NH2) or p-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-NH2-SalA)). One-pot biocatalytic approach allowed to combine the preparation of the polymeric materials and also its attachment on the particles surface. Thus, the monolignol (CA) will be oxi-copolymerized together with aniline on the amino prefunctionalized support surface. The oxidation process was performed using H2O2 reagent and catalyzed by peroxidase enzyme (horseradish peroxidase, HRP). The biocatalytic process was evaluated in term of aromatic monomers (CA and aniline) conversion. The chemical structure and properties of the resulted ADL-composites were investigated using specific techniques (e.g. FTIR, TPD, TGA, static contact angle, elemental analysis, and gel permeation chromatography). Attachment of P1/P2 polymer on the particles improved the hydrophobicity and also the basicity of the composite surface. Lipase enzyme was immobilized on the ADL-composites for testing the applicability of ADL-composites for biocatalyst preparation. SEM analysis allowed to notice the modification of ADL-composites surface after enzyme immobilization. Immobilized lipase exhibited better activity compared with free lipase demonstrating the efficiency of ADL-composite as support for enzyme immobilization.

关键词： 综合实践   学科   整合  

摘要： 虽然综合实践活动课程与各学科课程有着本质的区别,但是,综合实践活动的研究主题可以在其他学科课程中产生,而其他学科课程知识又可以在综合实践活动中得到延伸、重组和提升。因此,在实践中,教师应正确处理综合实践活动课与各学科之间的关联,将它们整合起来。这已成为今后教育发展的趋势。综合实践活动课不仅可以激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的学科知识水平和能力,还能使学生情智得到全面而健康的发展。

摘要： Purpose/Objective(s) The RO-APM will trial an episode-based payment schema over a five-year period starting in 2022. Practices were randomly selected for mandatory inclusion in the RO-APM. Participating departments have different case mixes, patients, and clinical practices that will dictate the relative impact of the RO-APM. It is our aim to create a highly versatile Monte Carlo model to simulate RO-APM effects on reimbursement and practice financial stability. In this study, we specifically focus on suburban and rural settings. Materials/Methods Monte Carlo simulations were developed in Python to model the effects of the RO-APM model over the 5-year trial period. The model requires a patient population, distribution of delivery techniques, and fractionation patterns per delivery technique for each of the 16 defined disease sites. This information was gathered from two non-associated regional clinics: one that serves primarily a suburban population (SP) while the other serves a mixed SP and rural population (MP). All fixed and variable financial expenses were collected and included. The inclusion of extra administrative work for the RO-APM submission was also included using time-driven activity-based costing methods. Considering each clinic's Medicare population, statistical analyses of how the patient population, delivery technique, and fractionation patterns impact reimbursement for this subset population was performed. The RO-APM model was also compared to the fee-for-service model (FFS-M). Results Disease site distributions were within 7.5% absolute difference between the two clinics. The four most common disease sites treated averaged between the two clinics were lung (20.1%), breast (16.9%), prostate (12.6%), and head & neck (H&N) (9.9%). Fractionation patterns were within 3 fractions (fx) across all disease site modalities except for bladder (MP +19fx) and lung (MP +13fx) IMRT, and 3D H&N (MP +3.4fx). Medicare population was 30% and 33% for the SP and MP, re

摘要： Purpose/Objective(s) The COVID19 pandemic required radiation oncologists (ROs) to consider shorter treatment courses to minimize patient and staff exposure and conserve healthcare resources. Hematologic ROs adopted hypofractionated radiation therapy (hRT) regimens according to guidelines published by the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG). We report for the first time the preliminary efficacy and toxicity of these novel hypofractionated regimens in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Materials/Methods We conducted a multicenter, multinational retrospective study under the direction of the ILROG. All patients receiving hRT according to ILROG guidelines from 1/1/2020 to 8/31/2020 were included. Patient and treatment details were abstracted from separate institutional databases. Toxicity was graded using CTCAE v5.0. Results Ninety-three patients from 4 institutions treated with 114 RT courses were included. Patient and treatment details are displayed in Table 1. Median follow up for the cohort was 179 days, and 77 patients (82%) were alive at last follow up. Maximal toxicity experienced by patients included Grade 1 (n = 16), Grade 2 (n = 1) and Grade 3 (n = 1) toxicities. Of 80 sites with response assessment within the RT field, 69% of patients achieved a complete response (n = 55), 20% partial response (n = 16), 9% stable disease (n = 7), and 2% progressive disease (n = 2). No COVID19 infections during or after RT have been documented in this patient cohort. Conclusion HRT according to ILROG guidelines resulted in low rates of acute toxicity and reasonable short-term treatment efficacy. Longer follow up and comparison with control groups is needed to draw more definitive conclusions and will be presented at the Annual Meeting.

关键词： 刨花板   不确定性   人造板行业   可预见   现代化   人造板生产线  

摘要： 全球新冠疫情大流行带来了混乱和不确定性,2020年将成为人造板行业下降最多的年份之一。在2020年初新冠病毒出现之前,被订购的新人造板生产线的数量已经有所下降,而且这种趋势看起来还会持续更长的时间。就刨花板而言,明确会上马的项目,在我们可预见的未来会减少。目前的工作重点是工厂的现代化和生产线的改造,以便提高工厂效率。