关键词： 下颌骨髁状突骨折   其他面部骨折   手术治疗   保守治疗  

摘要： 分析治疗下颌骨髁状突骨折合并其他面部骨折的效果。方法:选择2019年12月至2020年12月我院就诊的50例患者予以研究,随机分组,对照组(传统治疗)、观察组(手术治疗),各25例,将治疗效果进行对比。结果:两组治疗疗效比较,观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对于下颌骨髁状突骨折合并其他面部骨折患者,临床可按照患者实际情况,选择针对性治疗方案,从而对患者的症状起到积极改善作用,提高患者骨折愈合速度。

关键词： 化疗药物灌注治疗   膀胱癌   高危非基层浸润性膀胱癌  

摘要： 膀胱癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,据数据显示,膀胱癌在男性群体中发病概率高于女性在我国男性膀胱癌患病概率高达7.3/10万,位于全身12大实体肿瘤中第8位,女性则位于12位以后。膀胱癌分为肌层浸润型膀胱癌和非肌层浸润型膀胱癌(NMIBC),而非肌层浸润型膀胱癌是指在上皮内浸润性生长,且没有形成内反省乳头状瘤或浸润型癌,发病率较高处于较浅表的部位,不超过黏膜下层。临床治疗方式主要采用手术方式,目前治疗方案为,单纯经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(Transurethral resection of bladdertumor,TURBRT)。但术后的复发率较高,还易进展为肌层浸润型膀胱癌。因此,TURBT术后可通过膀胱灌注治疗的方式,消除机体内残留的切缘处肿瘤细胞,减少肿瘤细胞扩散,降低肿瘤复发率。基于此,本文对NMIBC化疗药物灌注治疗及其他化疗药物联合的治疗进展进行诠释,具体内容如下。

关键词： 损容性皮肤病   皮肤磨削术   痤疮瘢痕   外伤线状瘢痕   带状疱疹瘢痕   疗效  

摘要： 探讨损容性皮肤病应用皮肤磨削术联合其他疗法治疗的效果。方法:选择我院2019年8月~2020年8月收治的58例损容性皮肤病患者进行研究,纳入对象有完整临床资料,自愿配合研究且签署知情同意书。所有患者均接受皮肤磨削术治疗,同时根据具体的病型不同结合其他疗法治疗,总结临床疗效。结果:58例患者经过皮肤磨削术联合其他疗法治疗后,痤疮瘢痕、外伤线状瘢痕、带状疱疹瘢痕、褐青色痣、酒渣鼻总有效率均达到100%,而白癜风疗效最差,其次为雀斑,其中白癜风疗效与其余病型对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:不同损容性皮肤病应用皮肤磨削术联合其他疗法治疗均可取得比较良好的疗效,但对于白癜风与雀斑而言,疗效则相对较差,需进一步探索。

关键词： alternative splicing   machine learning   protein-protein interactions   semi-supervised learning  

摘要： Alternative splicing introduces an additional layer of protein diversity and complexity in regulating cellular functions that can be specific to the tissue and cell type, physiological state of a cell, or disease phenotype. Recent high-throughput experimental studies have illuminated the functional role of splicing events through rewiring protein-protein interactions;however, the extent to which the macromolecular interactions are affected by alternative splicing has yet to be fully understood. In silico methods provide a fast and cheap alternative to interrogating functional characteristics of thousands of alternatively spliced isoforms. Here, we develop an accurate feature-based machine learning approach that predicts whether a protein-protein interaction carried out by a reference isoform is perturbed by an alternatively spliced isoform. Our method, called the alternatively spliced interactions prediction (ALT-IN) tool, is compared with the state-of-the-art PPI prediction tools and shows superior performance, achieving 0.92 in precision and recall values.

关键词： Alternative splicing   Arabidopsis thaliana   cold acclimation   heat acclimation   splicing factor   temperature adaptation   temperature response  

摘要： Alternative splicing occurs in all eukaryotic organisms. Since the first description of multiexon genes and the splicing machinery, the field has expanded rapidly, especially in animals and yeast. However, our knowledge about splicing in plants is still quite fragmented. Though eukaryotes show some similarity in the composition and dynamics of their splicing machinery, observations of unique plant traits are only starting to emerge. For instance, plant alternative splicing is closely linked to their ability to perceive various environmental stimuli. Due to their sessile lifestyle, temperature is a central source of information, allowing plants to adjust their development to match current growth conditions. Hence, seasonal temperature fluctuations and day-night cycles can strongly influence plant morphology across developmental stages. Here we discuss available data on temperature-dependent alternative splicing in plants. Given its fragmented state, it is not always possible to fit specific observations into a coherent picture, yet it is sufficient to estimate the complexity of this field and the need for further research. Better understanding of alternative splicing as a part of plant temperature response and adaptation may also prove to be a powerful tool for both fundamental and applied sciences.

关键词： Mass spectrometry   Fossil fuels   Chromatography   Ionization   Pyrolysis  

摘要： Modern industry strongly relies on the molecular analysis of fossil petroleum and petroleum-derived materials. In the context of a circular economy and carbon neutrality, the chemical description of alternative feedstock materials, such as waste plastic and biomass pyrolysis oils, increases in importance. Moreover, online monitoring of the thermochemical and catalytic conversion processes has gained rising attention. In this framework, evolved gas analysis (EGA) concepts with soft photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) were successfully deployed for numerous challenges. On the one hand, photoionization is a highly versatile technique and allows for "soft" ionization of the analyte molecule, preserving the molecular information. On the other hand, multiple evolved gas analysis concepts exist with unique benefits, such as the mass loss information in thermogravimetry coupling, high-throughput in direct inlet probe concepts, or straightforward reactor monitoring, allowing for direct online insights into pyrolytic transformation processes. Hence, this review aims to summarize the recent work in the field of EGA-PIMS. After technical description of the multiple photoionization and thermal analysis concepts, applied studies are summarized, discussed, and evaluated. Besides fossil fuels, studies on alternatives from renewable materials, such as biomass pyrolysis, plastic pyrolysis oils, and recycling processes, are reviewed. Finally, future perspectives on this field are given, highlighting the importance of those soft ionization schemes together with state-of-the-art detection by high-resolution mass spectrometry in the field of energy and fuels research.

关键词： Active aspiration   butterfly needle   extrusion mode   suprachoroidal hemorrhage  

摘要： Purpose: To describe a novel surgical technique for external drainage of choroidal detachment/suprachoroidal hemorrhage with a butterfly needle. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective case series on six eyes with serous and/or hemorrhagic choroidal detachments due to previous intraocular surgery or perforating ocular trauma that underwent active external suprachoroidal fluid drainage procedure with butterfly needle. The primary outcome measures were perioperative controlled fluid discharge and presence of choroidal detachment at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure. Results: During drainage, controlled hemorrhage discharge was observed. Drainage resolved hemorrhagic choroidal detachments at 1 week postoperatively. Intraocular pressure significantly increased, and visual acuity improved in all eyes. No complications were noted. Conclusion: Management of hemorrhagic choroidal detachment is challenging, and external drainage can be complicated. Active aspiration of hemorrhagic material with a butterfly needle may help early resolution.

关键词： Degradation   Peptides and proteins   Monomers   Hydrophobicity   Conjugate acid-base pairs  

摘要： Carboranes 1 and 2 were designed and synthesized for hydrophobic tag (HyT)-induced degradation of HaloTag fusion proteins. The levels of the hemagglutinin (HA)-HaloTag2-green fluorescent protein (EGFP) stably expressed in Flp-In 293 cells were significantly reduced by HyT13, HyT55, and carboranes 1 and 2, with expression levels of 49, 79, 43, and 65%, respectively, indicating that carborane is an alternative novel hydrophobic tag (HyT) for protein degradation under an intracellular environment. To clarify the mechanism of HyT-induced proteolysis, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as an extracellular protein and modified with maleimide-conjugated m-carborane (MIC). The measurement of the zeta-potentials and the lysine residue modification with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) of BSA-MIC conjugates suggested that the conjugation of carborane induced the exposure of lysine residues on BSA, resulting in the degradation via ubiquitin E3 ligase-related proteasome pathways in the cell.

关键词： isoform   transcript   expression   brain   cortex   mouse   human   adult   fetal   long-read sequencing   alternative splicing  

摘要： Alternative splicing is a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism producing distinct mRNA molecules from a single pre-mRNA with a prominent role in the development and function of the central nervous system. We used long-read isoform sequencing to generate full-length transcript sequences in the human and mouse cortex. We identify novel transcripts not present in existing genome annotations, including transcripts mapping to putative novel (unannotated) genes and fusion transcripts incorporating exons from multiple genes. Global patterns of transcript diversity are similar between human and mouse cortex, although certain genes are characterized by striking differences between species. We also identify developmental changes in alternative splicing, with differential transcript usage between human fetal and adult cortex. Our data confirm the importance of alternative splicing in the cortex, dramatically increasing transcriptional diversity and representing an important mechanism underpinning gene regulation in the brain. We provide transcript-level data for human and mouse cortex as a resource to the scientific community.

关键词： Magnetic materials  

摘要： The search for molecule-based magnetic materials has stimulated over the years the development of extremely rich coordination chemistry. Various combinations of spin carriers have been investigated and illustrated by a plethora of hetero-spin complexes: 3d-nd, 3d-4f, 2p-3d, and 2p-4f. More recently, two other classes of hetero-spin complexes have grown rapidly: compounds containing three different paramagnetic metal ions, or one radical and two different paramagnetic metal ions (all within the same molecular entity). Such new classes of systems represent a challenge both from a synthetic and theoretical point of view. Indeed, the synthetic control and the understanding of the spin topology effect on the overall magnetic behavior from first-principles is a difficult problem to be solved. The presence of different spin carriers in a single molecule makes such compounds particularly interesting because they offer the possibility of developing new magnetic properties, different from those of hetero-bi-spin or homo-spin systems. A critical overview taking the case of 2p-3d-4f complexes is the focus of this perspective paper. An original organic picture of the state-of-art in this field and new hints about the main directions that should be pursued to achieve hetero-tri-spin systems with large anisotropy barriers, low quantum tunneling of magnetization and, possibly, large blocking temperatures are provided in this article through an analysis based on numerically revisiting already published data and a critical survey of the literature reported so far. The reasons for the limited success obtained for the largely used 3d-2p-4f topology are given along with the ones explaining the failure for the 2p-4f-3d case. The still never synthesized linear 2p-3d-4f spin topology seemed to be the most promising one based on the results obtained for the unique closed hetero-tri-spin closed triangular system synthesized so far.