关键词： 高等学校   招生制度   史密斯模型  

摘要： 人才培养是大学的核心职能,培养拔尖创新型人才的基础在于人才选拔。我国历来重视人才的选拔,《国家中长期教育改革和发展纲要(2010—2020年)》对高等学校招生制度的改革提出了明确要求,基于史密斯模型对近十年我国高等学校招生制度的政策执行过程分析发现,为确保招生政策的顺利实施,各级相关部门在政策执行方面做出大量探索,并根据政策环境及时做出调整。从“自主招生”的试行到“强基计划”的推出,试图寻找最优化的选拔制度,为拔尖创新人才的培养打下良好基础。

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关键词： 会意字   形声字   春夏秋冬   异体字   本义   四季   小草   草木  

摘要： 四季为啥叫春夏秋冬,而不是其他什么呢?笔者从“春夏秋冬”四字来做个推测。春是个会意字,同时也是个形声字。春字从丰从日,丰意为“草木遍地生长”,日指“日子”“每天”,合起来表示草木逐日生长,所以春的本义就是草木生长的季节。春还有一个异体字写做窀,从艸屯,是说小草春天时生发。不管怎样,春与小草撇不开干系了。

关键词： antiretroviral   entry   explant   HIV-1   mucosal   prevention  

摘要： Objective: Small molecule inhibitors able to bind to gp120 and prevent CD4(+)-induced HIV-1 envelope conformational change provide an important class of inhibitors. Currently, only Fostemsavir is approved for HAART, which makes this class of inhibitors attractive candidates for prevention. We assessed the activity of DS003 (BMS-599793), an analogue of BMS-378806, in different mucosal tissues and elucidated its mechanism of action. Design: Preclinical analysis was performed with human mucosal tissue models as surrogates of in-vivo activity. Methods: Antiviral efficacy of DS003 was assessed in mucosal tissue explants (ecto-cervical, penile and colorectal) and in trans-infection models (co-cultures of dendritic or mucosal migratory cells with CD4(+) T cells) with several dosing times (2, 24 h and sustained) and in combination with a fusion inhibitor. Binding of DS003 to gp120 was assessed by flow cytometry and bio-layer interferometry and further probed in competitive studies using soluble CD4(+) (sCD4(+)) and an anti-CD4(+) induced antibody, 17b. Results: In all models, the inhibitory activity of DS003 was increased with longer periods of exposure and by combination with a fusion inhibitor. Pre-exposure to sCD4(+) impeded DS003 binding to viral envelope. In contrast, DS003 did not impact subsequent binding of sCD4(+). Furthermore, sCD4(+)-induced epitope exposure as assessed by 17b binding was significantly reduced in the presence of DS003. Conclusion: DS003 inhibits HIV-1 infection by binding to or near the CD4(+) binding site of gp120, preventing CD4(+)-induced conformational change essential for viral fusion. These data highlight the potential of DS003 for development as a pre-exposure prophylaxis candidate.

关键词： 癌症死亡率   肝癌病人   肝脏移植   其他疗法   失代偿性   排名榜   固体肿瘤   病情进展  

摘要： 肝癌是一种致命癌症。在世界各地,肝癌病人的人数逐年增加,在世界排名榜上,肝癌排名第6。至于在癌症死亡率方面,肝癌则排名第3。肝癌最主要的风险因素就是"肝硬化症"。在大多数固体肿瘤中,治疗法和疗效胥视该肿瘤的体积和病情进展基数而定的,至于肝癌,治疗的功效也是基于以下两类:1、病人的肝脏是否已硬化?2、病人肝脏的"失代偿性"究竟严重到何种程度?

关键词： endopeptidase   Escherichia coli   L, D-transpeptidase   peptidoglycan   beta-lactam  

摘要： Bacteria resist to the turgor pressure of the cytoplasm through a net-like macromolecule, the peptidoglycan, made of glycan strands connected via peptides cross-linked by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). We recently reported the emergence of beta-lactam resistance resulting from a bypass of PBPs by the YcbB L,D-transpeptidase (LdtD), which form chemically distinct 3 -> 3 cross-links compared to 4 -> 3 formed by PBPs. Here we show that peptidoglycan expansion requires controlled hydrolysis of cross-links and identify among eight endopeptidase paralogues the minimum enzyme complements essential for bacterial growth with 4 -> 3 (MepM) and 3 -> 3 (MepM and MepK) cross-links. Purified Mep endopeptidases unexpectedly displayed a 4 -> 3 and 3 -> 3 dual specificity implying recognition of a common motif in the two cross-link types. Uncoupling of the polymerization of glycan chains from the 4 -> 3 cross-linking reaction was found to facilitate the bypass of PBPs by YcbB. These results illustrate the plasticity of the peptidoglycan polymerization machinery in response to the selective pressure of beta-lactams.

关键词： 阿赫玛托娃   塞上风云   叶尼塞河   涅瓦河   旁注   安魂曲  

摘要： 旁注之诗:秋兴1,“玉露凋伤枫树林,巫山巫峡气萧森。”一夜之间,满山霜打的枫叶都开始衰败了。一夜之间,我的头发全白了。一夜之间,萧杀之气充塞于高江急峡之间。一夜之间,我一生要写的诗,我的新鬼们和旧鬼们--你们全来找我了。2,“江间波浪兼天涌,塞上风云接地阴。”江水滔天,如此湍急,如你昨夜梦到的猛虎。阿赫玛托娃俯身于苦难的涅瓦河,而想到远方流放犯们的顿河、叶尼塞河、卡玛河...(她的安魂曲会献给谁?)而你身陷峡中却看到了塞上乌黑的乱云。

关键词： 综合收益   其他综合收益   概念界定   收益计量   计量模式  

摘要： 国际财务报告准则和各国会计准则均采用排除法对其他综合收益进行描述,缺乏权威而明确的概念界定。文章基于会计计量视角,从净利润和综合收益两种不同的业绩衡量口径出发,通过对理想环境下现行价值计量和现实环境中混合计量模式下的收益计量差异进行分析,综合运用归纳法、演绎法和比较法等多种研究方法,从理论层面对其他综合收益(OCI)进行了理论推演。在对FASB、IASB和我国相关准则中其他综合收益的主要项目进行对比分析和总结的基础上,对其他综合收益进行了概念界定和特征归纳,以期为其他综合收益的相关研究提供基本的概念约定。

关键词： 中央预算执行   财政收支情况   习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想   审计情况   依法审计   审计工作报告   疫情防控   主要经济体  

摘要： 全国人民代表大会常务委员会:我受国务院委托,报告2020年度中央预算执行和其他财政收支的审计情况,请审议。按照党中央、国务院决策部署,审计署依法审计了2020年度中央预算执行和其他财政收支情况。审计结果表明:各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神,认真执行十三届全国人大三次会议有关决议,扎实做好"六稳"工作、全面落实"六保"任务,统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展,我国经济运行逐季改善、逐步恢复常态,在全球主要经济体中唯一实现正增长,脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利,决胜全面建成小康社会取得决定性成就,交出了一份人民满意、世界瞩目、可以载入史册的答卷。