关键词： 前葡萄膜炎   急性   白细胞介素-9   辅助性T细胞   细胞因子  

摘要： 目的探讨白细胞介素(IL)-9与其他辅助性T(Th)细胞相关因子在急性前葡萄膜炎发病中的作用。方法采用横断面研究,纳入2018年5月至2019年5月在甘肃省人民医院就诊的急性前葡萄膜炎患者36例36眼及同期与之相匹配的健康体检者40例40眼,分别作为急性前葡萄膜炎组和健康对照组;根据患者症状对病情严重程度进行分级并分为急性前葡萄膜炎患者轻度组、中度组和重度组。收集所有受检者血清,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定血清中IL-9、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、IL-4、IL-17、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、IL-35和IL-22的质量浓度,并分析IL-9质量浓度与其他Th细胞因子质量浓度间的关系。结果急性前葡萄膜炎组患者血清中IL-9、IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β1、IL-35、IL-22质量浓度明显高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2个组间血清中IL-17质量浓度差异无统计学意义(U=704.500,P=0.872)。急性前葡萄膜炎患者轻度组、中度组和重度组血清中IL-9质量浓度分别为57.24(47.47,65.10)、71.68(67.55,78.91)和114.01(74.78,139.30)ng/L,总体比较差异有统计学意义(Z=8.766,P=0.012);其中轻度组和中度组IL-9质量浓度明显低于重度组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。急性前葡萄膜炎患者血清中IL-9质量浓度与IL-17、TGF-β1、IL-35质量浓度均呈正相关(rs=0.449、0.517、0.400,均P<0.05),与IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-22质量浓度均无明显相关性(rs=0.293、0.286、0.316,均P>0.05)。结论IL-9在急性前葡萄膜炎的发生和发展中具有促进免疫炎症反应的作用,其与Th17和Treg细胞相关因子(TGF-β1、IL-35)密切相关。

关键词： 邮政业务   作业组织   特快专递   时限要求   作业流程  

摘要： 邮政快件是一种全程加快的国内邮政业务(1987.11.10—1998.6.30),不分内件种类,全国统一按重量计费,开办初期每20克资费0.50元(100克以内)。邮局设置专门的邮政快件作业组织,有单独的作业流程,各个环节都有严格的时限要求。邮运速度仅次于特快专递,而快于普通邮件。

关键词： Alternative diets   Dietary change processes   Lifestyle changes   Mental model   Sustainable diets  

摘要： Any transition to a sustainable food system will require long-term changes in consumer behaviour, including a major reduction in the proportion of animal-based foods in people's diets. Such long-term dietary changes have widely been found difficult to achieve, however, since eating behaviors are interlinked with habits and lifestyles. In order to attain a better understanding of the driving forces that guide and support changes in eating patterns, this study identifies some of the key factors that lead people not only to adopt alternative dietary lifestyles but also to sustain these lifestyles over the long term. A generic qualitative methodology was used to gather and analyse qualitative data on the food-related motivations and identities of 17 long-term 'alternative dieters'. Our content analysis of this data revealed the following three factors to be particularly relevant in motivations for dietary change: (1) the experience of a 'key moment';(2) the accumulation of knowledge;and (3) health concerns. While our findings show that the experience of key moments tends to catalyse immediate behavioral responses, changes due to knowledge and health concerns appear to lead to more gradual and organized processes of change. Regarding the mentalities that seem to reinforce and help sustain the transition to long-lasting alternative diets, our study identified three further characteristics: (1) self-reflectiveness;(2) responsibility;and (3) interconnectedness. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the key drivers that initiate processes of long-lasting dietary change as well as the mentalities that serve to underpin and sustain such changes. Followup research with a largersample of participants is recommended to confirm and further explore these characteristics as a means of informing policies aiming at achieving a transition to more sustainable food systems.

关键词： RCEP   市场提供指数   市场依赖度   产品市场  

摘要： 通过市场提供指数的计算可知,1995—2019年,RCEP其他成员国总体上对中国初级产品市场的依赖度最高,中间产品和最终资本品的依赖度居中,最终消费品市场的依赖度最低,但上述四类产品的市场依赖度都在不断上升。这主要是区域内自由贸易协议的签订、要素禀赋的差异以及"新三角贸易"的形成等因素造成的,实证分析也印证了这一点。提高中国最终消费品的市场提供能力是一项十分艰巨的任务,中国应抓住机遇窗口期,加快对外开放步伐;扩大内需,释放消费潜力;持续推动产业结构转型升级;保持人民币汇率均衡及稳定。

关键词： 牛源弯曲菌   多重PCR   检测方法比较  

摘要： 以16S rRNA、ask、mapA和cstA基因为靶基因,基于软件设计引物,建立牛源弯曲菌多重PCR检测方法。通过反应条件的优化以及引物特异性、灵敏度的验证,并与其他方法进行临床样品的检测效率比较,建立同时检测3种牛源致病弯曲菌的多重PCR方法。结果表明:扩增的目的条带处出现与预期大小相符的单一明亮条带,引物序列与NCBI的Primer-Blast库已有的菌株同源性均大于99%。应用建立的多重PCR方法对牛养殖场、屠宰场的样品进行检测,同时使用传统平板分离法及现有报道的其他PCR方法进行对比验证,在1375份样品中,多重PCR检测方法、传统平板分离法及其他PCR方法的检出率分别为5.45%(75/1375)、4.87%(67/1375)和5.31%(73/1375),但3种方法的检出率无显著差异。多重PCR方法与现有报道的PCR方法在DNA水平上的最低检测限:空肠弯曲菌分别为19.23、0.93 pg·μL^(-1),结肠弯曲菌分别为16.93、1.05 pg·μL^(-1),胎儿弯曲菌分别为14.37、0.23 pg·μL^(-1)。多重PCR方法检测流程需1~2 d,且可同时检测3种弯曲菌。而现有报道的PCR方法检测流程需1~2 d,还需制备不同体系分别验证,材料成本更高,传统平板分离法鉴定耗时更久,需5~7 d。这一研究建立的多重PCR检测方法优势表现为操作方便、灵敏度和特异性较高,能同时检测牛源弯曲菌常见种属,可满足牛源弯曲菌规模化检测的需求。

关键词： 通假字   正字   判定   字用  

摘要： 汉字通假在古文中是很常见的现象,明了汉字通假的判定方法有助于正确地理解古书文意。通过对汉字通假现象进行分析表明,将被通假字称作本字并不合理,应以“通假字与正字”来代替“通假字与本字”。为免误将同源词、古今字、异体字判作通假字,汉字通假,不仅要有文献证据,还要具备语音、语义、时代上的特定条件。将通假字从文字的通用或代用中独立出来进行类型化分析,可以促进字用研究的深入发展,可为辞书的编纂提供有益的参考。

关键词： Diagonal shear resistance   Steel-reinforced concrete   Extensometric gauges   Electric arc furnace slag aggregate  

摘要： An alternative experimental method for predicting the diagonal shear cracking resistance of steel-reinforced concrete beams is developed in this paper. Conventional extensometric strain-gauge rosettes are placed on the lateral surfaces of a set of four beams. As diagonal cracking propagates through the beams, the load-strain curves flatten out at a plateau and the mechanical property under consideration may be determined. The method is applied to four beams cast from pumpable and self-compacting concrete mixes with cement types I and IV containing electric arc furnace slag aggregates. The feasibility of applying standard design code formulas to the concretes containing these aggregates may therefore be studied and compared with other recent research works. Accurate experimental results were obtained with this method without having to interrupt the test for subjective visual appraisals of the test specimen.

关键词： Wastewater-based epidemiology   SARS-CoV-2   Ultrafiltration   Digital polymerase chain reaction   In-sample stability  

摘要： Wastewater-based epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 could play a role in monitoring the spread of the virus in the population and controlling possible outbreaks. However, sensitive sample preparation and detection methods are necessary to detect trace levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in influent wastewater (IWW). Unlike predecessors, method optimization of a SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration and detection procedure was performed with IWW samples with high viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads. This is of importance since the SARS-CoV-2 genome in IWW might have already been subject to in-sewer degradation into smaller genome fragments or might be present in a different form (e.g. cell debris, ...). Centricon Plus-70 (100 kDa) centrifugal filter devices resulted in the lowest and most reproducible Ct-values for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Lowering the molecular weight cut-off did not improve our limit of detection and quantification (approximately 10 degrees copies/mu L for all genes). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed for the amplification of the N1, N2, N3 and E-gene fragments. This is one of the first studies to apply digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in IWW. dPCR showed high variability at low concentration levels (10 degrees copies/mu L), indicating that variability in bioanalytical methods for wastewater-based epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 might be substantial. dPCR results in IWW were in line with the results found with qPCR. On average, the N2-gene fragment showed high in-sample stability in IWW for 10 days of storage at 4 degrees C. Between-sample variability was substantial due to the low native concentrations in IWW. Additionally, the E-gene fragment proved to be less stable compared to the N2-gene fragment and showed higher variability. Freezing the IWW samples resulted in a 10-fold decay of loads of the N2- and E-gene fragment in IWW. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

摘要： Obesity, defined as a BMI > 30, affects around 40% of adults in the United States and has grown in pandemic proportions worldwide. Intragastric balloon (IGB) devices, specifically Orbera, is an FDA approved treatment for obesity. All IGB's are all placed endoscopically under sedation into the stomach. The removal can be performed under general anesthesia (GA), conscious sedation, or monitored anesthesia care (MAC). We present a unique approach of using MAC with the use of a Procedural Oxygen Mask (POM). POM is a clear mask with self-sealing oral and nasal endoscopy ports plus a capnography sampling port. These POM's allow for an FiO2 up to 80% and flow rate of 8-10 liters per minute (LPM). In addition, it allows for an end tidal CO2 monitor (EtCO2) showing more accurate reflections of apneic episodes.

关键词： 商标   不良影响   诚实信用条款   在先权利   认定标准  

摘要： 我国《商标法》第十条第一款第八项被称为商标注册“不良影响”条款。由于法律语言的抽象性,“不良影响”条款在内涵和外延上具有高度模糊性,使得司法实践中对于该条款的适用没有相对统一的标准,造成司法实践中不能正确适用该条文的情况。本文通过研讨“不良影响”的条款内涵,将不良影响条款的适用边界与其余条款区分开,厘清不良影响条款与诚实信用条款以及在先权利条款的适用边界,以期为司法适用提供参考。