关键词： 新词   鸡娃   释义  

摘要： 新词"鸡娃"是当前"教育焦虑"的直接反映,从词性上看可以是名词,也可以是动词,其产生发展有内容、构词和表达上的深层原因。以"鸡"为核心语素,以"鸡娃"为基本指向,扩容衍生出系列"X鸡"词群成员,具备现代汉语中"隐语"或"黑话"的典型特征。

关键词： adherence   Australia   gay and bisexual men   HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis   implementation study  

摘要： Objectives: To examine patterns of long-term pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence and its association with HIV seroconversion in NSW, Australia. Design: Population-based HIV PrEP implementation study. Methods: Expanded PrEP Implementation in Communities in New South Wales was an open-label study of daily oral PrEP which recruited participants from March 2016 to April 2018. Adherence was measured using dispensing records. PrEP discontinuation was defined as an at least 120-day period without PrEP coverage. Long-term adherence patterns were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Results: Participants dispensed at least once (n = 9586) were almost all male (98.5%), identified as gay (91.3%), with a median age of 34 years (range: 18-86). Of the 6460 (67.4%) participants who had at least 9 months of follow-up since first dispensing, 1942 (30.1%) discontinued. Among these, 292 (15.0%) restarted later. Four distinct groups were identified ['Steep decline' in adherence (15.8%), 'Steady decline' (11.6%), 'Good adherence' (37.4%), and 'Excellent adherence' (35.2%)]. Older (P < 0.001) and gay-identified (P < 0.001) participants were more likely to have higher adherence, so were those living in postcodes with a higher proportion of gay-identified male residents (P < 0.001). Conversely, those who at baseline reported recent crystal methamphetamine use and had a recent diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection (STI) had lower adherence (P < 0.001). Overall HIV incidence was 0.94 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 0.49-1.81;n = 9) and was highest in the 'steep decline' group (5.45 per 1000 person-years;P = 0.001). Conclusion : About 15% of participants stopped PrEP during study follow-up and were at increased risk of HIV infection. They were more likely to be younger and report a recent STI or methamphetamine use prior to PrEP initiation.

关键词： 人类   其他生物   固有价值  

摘要： 在东西方哲学中,人类属于比动物和植物更高级的生物,这是一个由来已久的传统。伦巴迪支持人类比其他生物具有更大固有价值的主张,并提出一些观点来说明如何可能以这种方式设想人类与非人类之间的关系,但他似乎没有成功地说服我们相信人类确实比动植物具有更大的固有价值。要探讨这个问题,有必要弄清楚一些基本概念,如固有价值与直接的善和内在价值等。从这个价值体系出发,我认为作为地球整个生命共同体的成员,动植物的固有价值和我们人类的固有价值是相同的。

关键词： hair   forensic proteomics   genetically variant peptides   human identification   proteomic genotyping  

摘要： Protein is a major component of all biological evidence. Proteomic genotyping is the use of genetically variant peptides (GVPs) that contain single-amino-acid polymorphisms to infer the genotype of matching nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms for the individual from whom the protein sample originated. This can be used to statistically associate an individual to evidence found at a crime scene. The utility of the inferred genotype increases as the detection of GVPs increases, which is the direct result of technology transfer to mass spectrometry platforms typically available. Digests of single (2 cm) human hair shafts from three European and two African subjects were analyzed using datadependent acquisition on a Q-Exactive Plus Hybrid QuadrupoleOrbitrap system, data-independent acquisition and a variant of parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid system, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) on an Agilent 6495 triple quadrupole system. In our hands, average GVP detection from a selected panel of 24 GVPs increased from 6.5 +/- 1.1 and 3.1 +/- 0.8 using data-dependent and -independent acquisition to 9.5 +/- 0.7 and 11.7 +/- 1.7 using PRM and MRM (p < 0.05), respectively. PRM resulted in a 1.3-fold increase in detection sensitivity, and MRM resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in detection sensitivity. This increase in biomarker detection has a functional impact on the statistical association of a protein sample and an individual. Increased biomarker sensitivity, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo modeling, produced a median-estimated random match probability of over 1 in 10 trillion from a single hair using targeted proteomics. For PRM and MRM, detected GVPs were validated by the inclusion of stable isotope-labeled peptides in each sample, which served also as a detection trigger. This research accomplishes two aims: the demonstration of utility for alternative analytical platforms in proteomic genotyping and the establishment of validat

关键词： 棉花   有机硼   细胞壁硼   硼分配   矿质元素   吸收利用  

摘要： 【目的】研究外施不同形态硼对棉花吸收利用硼及其他矿质元素的影响。【方法】采用土培方法,以中棉所83为试验材料,设置空白对照、无机硼酸(硼酸)、有机硼(硼酸二甘油酯)3个处理,施硼量均为1.00 mg·kg^(-1),棉花生长65 d后取样并测定相关指标。【结果】施用无机硼酸和有机硼均促进了棉花细胞壁和叶绿体的发育,增加了棉花叶、茎和根部及其细胞壁的硼含量,同时促进了棉花对磷和镁的吸收,但减少了棉花对钙的吸收,使单株生物量分别增加15.09%和22.49%。相比无机硼酸,有机硼处理对棉花叶和茎硼含量的增加效果更显著,增幅分别为16.88%和10.72%,且增加的主要为移动性高的自由态硼或原生质体硼。【结论】有机硼较无机硼酸更有利于植物对硼的吸收利用。

关键词： 异体字   字源   异写   异构   正体字  

摘要： 自《第一批异体字整理表》(1955)发布以来,学界对异体字的规范问题始终争论不休。但学者们对异体字之讨论始终存在研究范围宽窄不定、研究对象模糊不清等问题。本文对近三十年来学界关于异体字规范问题的研究进行述评,着重关注异体字界定时对字源因素的强调,异体字成因中"异写""异构"概念的提出,以及在选择正体字时应采取的态度。

关键词： RDF   Multi-dimensional meta-knowledge   Provenance   Semantic web   Web of data  

摘要： The Web of Data needs additional information, i.e., meta-knowledge to ensure quality and build the trust in data. For representing meta-knowledge, there exist various approaches in the literature, for example, RDFt, tRDF, RDF Reification, Singleton Property and Named Graph. There are various issues associated with these approaches in representing the meta-knowledge, for example, the increasing graph size, additional statement generation, the representation of multi-dimensional and/or nested meta-knowledge, among others. In this work, we propose an approach called RDFM to represent, store, and manage meta-knowledge. RDFM integrates attributes to the predicate to represent nested and/or multi-dimensional meta-knowledge with lesser statements generation. A query language called SPARQLM is developed to extract RDFM data. The study analyzes the performance of RDFM in terms of the number of edges, number of statements generation, data redundancy, storage, query response time, required query length, representation of meta-knowledge in nested and different dimensions. The results show that the RDFM model performs significantly and gives advantage over storage management and graph data management.

摘要： Gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma (FL) is a rare, but distinct extra-nodal variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Its incidence has grown outside of known genetic inheritance, due to epigenetic mutations from increased toxic exposure to benzene and pesticides, expanded life spans, and widespread standardized screening efforts. Diagnosis is by colonoscopy-obtained tissue staining and can be missed if alternative CRC screening methods are used in lieu.

摘要： ABSTRACT: Integrative medicine is a holistic approach to health care that acknowledges multiple dimensions of health, including its physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects. It approaches health not just as absence of disease but as a state of optimal vitality, and utilizes all appropriate evidence-based modalities, including lifestyle interventions, complementary treatments, and conventional allopathic methods, in one paradigm. Utilization of non-conventional therapies by women and interest in integrative care is very high. Much disinformation exists and many women engage in non-conventional therapies without medical advice, sometimes benefiting from them, but also possibly delaying needed care or placing themselves at risk. Research and clinical interest in non-conventional methods also is rising within the medical community, with increased recognition of the value of an integrative health model for individuals and communities. Obstetrician-gynecologists are in a unique position to support their patients in holistic health optimization by choosing beneficial integrative strategies while identifying potentially harmful practices. Copyright © 2021 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.