关键词： Plasticizer   Substitutes   Children   Exposure   Risks   Asia  

摘要： Phthalates are widely used in consumer products and are well-known for adverse endocrine outcomes. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most extensively used phthalates, has been rapidly substituted with alternative plasticizers in many consumer products. The aim of this study was to assess urinary phthalate and alternative plasticizer exposure and associated risks in children of three Asian countries with different geographical, climate, and cultural characteristics. Children were recruited from elementary schools of Saudi Arabia (n = 109), Thailand (n = 104), and Indonesia (n = 89) in 2017-2018, and their urine samples were collected. Metabolites of major phthalates and alternative plasticizers were measured in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary metabolite levels differed substantially between the three countries. Metabolite levels of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) were the highest in Saudi children: Median urinary concentrations of oxo-MiNP, OH-MiDP, 5cx-MEPTP, and OH-MINCH were 8.3, 8.4, 128.0, and 2.9 ng/mL, respectively. Urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations were the highest in the Indonesian children. The hazard index (HI) derived for the plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (RfD(AA)) was >1 in 86%, 80%, and 49% of the Saudi, Indonesian, and Thai children, respectively. DEHP was identified as a common major risk driver for the children of all three countries, followed by DnBP and DiBP depending on the country. Among alternative plasticizers, urinary DEHTP metabolites were detected at levels comparable to those of DEHP metabolites or higher among the Saudi children, and about 4% of the Saudi children exceeded the health based human biomonitoring (HBM)-I value. Priority plasticizers that were identified among the children of three countries warrant refined exposure assessment for source identific

关键词： Autogenous shrinkage   Internal curing   Performance   Microstructure   Micro-mechanical properties  

摘要： To prepare low-shrinkage ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with adequate mechanical properties and durability, the role of physicochemical properties of saturated lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) in controlling the properties development of UHPC was explored. The test results showed that the LWFA could not only mitigate autogenous shrinkage significantly but also improve compressive strength and durability of UHPC. The internal curing of LWFA mitigated the reduction of internal relative humidity and promoted the hydration of cement and pozzolanic reaction. As a result, more C-S-H gel with higher polymerization degree was formed, contributing to improved micro-mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the pores in UHPC containing LWFA were significantly refined and a dense zone was formed around LWFA. Therefore, the increased hydration and pozzolanic reaction degrees, enhanced density and polymerization degree of C-S-H gels and refined pore structure of matrix counteracted the negative effects induced by the porous LWFA, contributing to the improved properties of UHPC.

关键词： phthalates   alternative plasticizers   benchmark concentrations   endocrine disruption   high-content imaging   administered equivalent doses  

摘要： The developmental and reproductive toxicity associated with exposure to phthalates has motivated a search for alternatives. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the adverse effects of some of these chemicals. We used high-content imaging to compare the effects of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) with six alternative plasticizers: di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP);diisononyl-phthalate (DINP);di-isononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH);2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA);2,2,4-trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) and di-iso-decyl-adipate (DIDA). A male germ spermatogonial cell line (C18-4), a Sertoli cell line (TM4) and two steroidogenic cell lines (MA-10 Leydig and KGN granulosa) were exposed for 48 h to each chemical (0.001-100 mu M). Cell images were analyzed to assess cytotoxicity and effects on phenotypic endpoints. Only MEHP (100 mu M) was cytotoxic and only in C18-4 cells. However, several plasticizers had distinct phenotypic effects in all four cell lines. DINP increased Calcein intensity in C18-4 cells, whereas DIDA induced oxidative stress. In TM4 cells, MEHP, and DINCH affected lipid droplet numbers, while DEHTP and DINCH increased oxidative stress. In MA-10 cells, MEHP increased lipid droplet areas and oxidative stress;DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, while DINP, DEHA, and DIDA altered mitochondrial activity. In KGN cells, MEHP, DINP and DINCH increased the number of lipid droplets, whereas DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, increased oxidative stress and affected mitochondria. The Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) provided a visual illustration of the cell line specificity of the effects on phenotypic parameters. The lowest administered equivalent doses were observed for MEHP. We propose that this approach may assist in screening alternative plasticizers. WhileMEHP was the only chemical displaying cytotoxicity, alternative plasticizers caused cell type-specific phenotypic changes in somatic and germ cell lines.

关键词： Construction materials   Hybrid materials   Abrasive wear   Durability  

摘要： Hybrid cements (HC) are a possible replacement of Portland cement, as their activation process only requires a small amount of sulphates, and is carried out with water at room temperature. The present work aims to study the wear behaviour of HC manufactured from two different wastes: blast furnace slag (HS) and fly ash (HFA). Their wear behaviour was compared to Portland cements (CEM I and CEM IV). Reciprocating wear tests and rolling wear Bo spacing diaeresis hme tests were carried out for pastes and mortars, respectively. Wear tracks in the pastes were analysed through opto-digital microscopy and electron microscopy (SEM). In the mortars, the mechanical resistance was measured to understand different behaviours. The results obtained reveal that HC pastes and mortars present lower wear losses than CEM IV and similar to CEM I.

关键词： complementary and alternative medicine   COVID-19   delta variant   meta-analysis   Qingshu Yiqi decoction  

摘要： Background: Qingshu Yiqi decoction combined with general western medicine are important and prevalent recently treatment method of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Delta variant, but the efficacy and safety were not clear. This meta-analysis aims to clarify their clinical efficacy and safety thus to provide evidence for clinical application. Methods: We searched Chinese databases CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and English databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase for the current study. The retrieval time was from the establishment to November, 2021. Literature quality was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment criteria of Cochrane Collaboration network. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used to perform this research. Results: The efficacy and safety of Qingshu Yiqi decoction combined with western medicine for COVID-19 with Delta variant were evaluated in terms of total effective rate, TCM syndrome score, negative conversation rate of viral nucleic acid, disappearance rate of clinical symptoms (such as fever, cough, and fatigue), CT improvement, white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM) and adverse reaction rate. Conclusion: This study provides reliable evidence-based support for the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingshu Yiqi decoction as a complementary and alternative therapy for COVID-19 with Delta variant. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021271606.

关键词： t-lymphocytes   covid-19   pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome   monocytes   natural killer cells   antigens   cd16  

摘要： In rare instances, pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a novel immunodysregulation syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We compared MIS-C immunopathology with severe COVID-19 in adults. MIS-C does not result in pneumocyte damage but is associated with vascular endotheliitis and gastrointestinal epithelial injury. In MIS-C, the cytokine release syndrome is characterized by IFN gamma and not type I interferon. Persistence of patrolling monocytes differentiates MIS-C from severe COVID-19, which is dominated by HLA-DRlo classical monocytes. IFN gamma levels correlate with granzyme B production in CD16(+) NK cells and TIM3 expression on CD38(+)/HLA-DR+ T cells. Single-cell TCR profiling reveals a skewed TCR beta repertoire enriched for TRBV11-2 and a superantigenic signature in TIM3(+)/CD38(+)/HLA-DR+ T cells. Using NicheNet, we confirm IFN gamma as a central cytokine in the communication between TIM3(+)/CD38(+)/HLA-DR+ T cells, CD16(+) NK cells, and patrolling monocytes. Normalization of IFN gamma, loss of TIM3, quiescence of CD16(+) NK cells, and contraction of patrolling monocytes upon clinical resolution highlight their potential role in MIS-C immunopathogenesis. MIS-C is a novel immunodysregulation syndrome in children with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study employs a multi-omics approach to explore its immunopathogenesis. The authors show that IFN gamma-mediated interactions between T cells, monocytes, and NK cells reside at the heart of the disease.

关键词： 中风   运动性失语   针刺   康复  

摘要： 总结目前临床上常用的治疗卒中后运动性失语有效的针刺配合其他疗法。方法:检索目前中医针刺治疗卒中后运动性失语的相关文献资料。结果:常用且有效的针刺配合其他方法治疗卒中后运动性失语包括针刺配合语言训练、头针配合舌针及其他针法、针刺配合电针、针刺配合穴位贴敷、针刺配合放血、针刺配合中药等。结论:临床有较多的针刺配合其他疗法对于卒中后运动性失语有良好的治疗作用。

关键词： 小儿癫痫   奥卡西平   左乙拉西坦   认知功能   不良反应  

摘要： 探究对小儿癫痫患儿施行奥卡西平+其他抗癫痫药物治疗的效果。方法:借助掷币法将2017年3月至2020年10月我院70例小儿癫痫患儿分为对照组(35例,施行奥卡西平治疗)、观察组(35例,施行奥卡西平+其他抗癫痫药物治疗)。对比两组总有效率、癫痫发作情况、认知功能评分及不良反应发生率。结果:(1)对比总有效率可知,观察组(97.14%)高于对照组(82.86%),P<0.05;(2)对比治疗后癫痫发作频率、癫痫持续时间可知,观察组少于对照组,且对比治疗后认知功能评分可知,观察组高于对照组,P<0.05;(3)两组不良反应发生率对比无显著差异,P>0.05。结论:对小儿癫痫患儿施行奥卡西平+其他抗癫痫药物治疗更有助于增强疗效,减少癫痫发作,改善认知功能,且安全性较好。

关键词： silicon nitride   transparent microelectrode arrays   electrode insulation   reactive sputtering   cell-based impedance spectroscopy  

摘要： Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used to study the behavior of cells noninvasively and in real time. While the design of MEAs focuses mainly on the electrode material or its application-dependent modification, the passivation layer, which is crucial to define the electrode area and to insulate the conducting paths, remains largely unnoticed. Because often most cells are in direct contact with the passivation layer rather than the electrode material, biocompatible photoresists such as SU-8 are almost exclusively used. However, SU-8 is not without limitations in terms of optical transmission, optimal cell support, or compatibility within polymer-based microfluidic lab on chip systems. Here, we established a silicon nitride (SiN) passivation by physical vapor deposition (PVD), which was optimized and evaluated for impedance spectroscopy-based monitoring of cells. Surface characteristics, biocompatibility, and electrical insulation capability were investigated and compared to SU8 in detail. To investigate the influence of the SiN passivation on the impedimetric analysis of cells, HEK-293 A and MCF-7 were chosen as adherent cell models and measured on microelectrodes of 50-200 mu m in diameter. The results clearly revealed an overall suitability of SiN as alternative passivation. While for the smallest electrode size a cell line dependent comparable or slightly decreased cell signal could be observed in comparison with SU-8, a significant higher cell signal was observed for microelectrodes larger than 50 mu m in diameter. Furthermore, a high suitability for the bonding of PEGDA and PDMS microfluidic structures on the SiN passivation layer without any leakage could be demonstrated.

关键词： 小学信息技术教育   其他学科   整合策略  

摘要： 在小学阶段,信息技术教育属于至关重要的一部分内容,将其与其他学科进行有效整合,可以根本性提升整体学科教育教学效果,帮助学生更好地掌握学科知识。本篇文章主要对小学信息技术教育与其他学科整合策略进行深入探究。