关键词： 奥斯卡·王尔德   双重叙事运动   矛盾性   颠覆性  

摘要： 奥斯卡·王尔德(1854-1900)是维多利亚晚期唯美主义的代表人物,他坚持“为艺术而艺术”的原则。然而,王尔德的童话似乎是例外,因为大多数童话都涉及明显的道德说教,因此未能像他的戏剧和小说一样吸引广泛的学术关注。尽管如此,他的童话还是取得了很高的艺术成就。王尔德的第一部童话集《快乐王子和其他故事》复杂而充满吸引力,同时表达了顺应和反叛的思想。借助申丹的双重叙事运动理论,《快乐王子和其他故事》中传达的相互矛盾的信息变得清晰。首先,王尔德质疑维多利亚时代社会所宣扬的道德的正确性和真实性。《快乐王子》在宣扬利他主义和牺牲精神的同时,通过揭露这些价值观的无效性,暗中颠覆了这些价值观。《忠实的朋友》公开敦促人们无私而忠实地生活,却又通过揭示语言的局限性,暗中反对维多利亚时代对说教的偏爱。此外,王尔德在《自私的巨人》中挑战所谓的正统基督教信仰,并引导读者重新评估这些主流的解释是否真的是上帝的教导。尽管王尔德公开赞同基督教的义人可以入天堂的宣言,但他却暗地里反对基督教教义,并暗示所有人,甚至是那些被基督教认为有罪的人,都可以进入天堂。此外,王尔德还肯定了在维多利亚文化中平衡对立价值观的必要性。《夜莺与玫瑰》公开呼吁人们对感性的关注,又含蓄地表达了人类容易被感性所迷惑,需要保持理性。《了不起的火箭》公开地肯定了实用的重要性,同时又暗地里揭示了想象是改善不完美现实的一种方式。王尔德作品的矛盾性是必然的,不仅因为王尔德在思想上就是矛盾的,还因为王尔德在童话故事中传达了双重道德准则以调和传统的童话模式和不被时代认可的观点,使其成为儿童和成人都能接受的童话。

摘要： 近日，为了改进耕地占补平衡，规范土地整治项目管理，做到新增耕地指标信息可追溯、可跟踪、可核实，四川省自然资源厅出台了《四川省土地整治项目管理办法》（简称《管理办法》）。同时，为了补齐土地整治项目后期管护环节的短板，四川厅还出台了《四川省土地整治项目后期管护办法》（简称《管护办法》）。《管理办法》更新了土地整治及土地整治项目的含义

摘要： 文学是文字与生命的撞击。作家刘庆祥的散文集《大河归处》，以黄河入海口的故乡为背景，书写那片土地上的悲欢离合。作者让行走的文字，绽放出复杂的花朵，让苦涩的气息，弥漫在时间的空气中，而民俗则成为他散文集里的拱斗。刘庆祥出生在黄河边上一个叫邵家屋子的地方。很早以前，这里是黄河滩涂，祖父带着一家人逃荒，在这块荒凉的土地扎根。他生于斯，长于斯，十八岁当兵离开家。对乡村民俗的描写，来自于作家亲身体验。他作品篇章的题目如《穿土》《赶奶》《撞名儿》《撕棉花》，打出民俗的旗帜，却没有一点夸张的虚势。

关键词： 信托法   法律间竞合   经济分析   特别法   普通法  

摘要： 本文以安信信托股份有限公司与湖南高速财务有限公司的一则信托案件的判决出发,探讨《中华人民共和国信托法》与其他有构成要件类似的法律之间,如果构成竞合,应该如何处理的问题.本文认为,如将法律视同一般产品般有供给和需求的话,处理相同或相类似的社会事实的法律间就会有替代性的竞争.这样的竞争现象,是产生法律间竞合的经济原因,而不必费心讨论何者为特别法、何者为普通法.再以本案的要件事实而论,原被告双方之间的信托受益权转让附回购,和《中华人民共和国信托法》第四十三条关于信托利益分配以信托财产为限的规定并不相符.以信托法作为特别法而有"刚兑禁令"的适用,既在逻辑上不能成立,也违背了司法本应有的经济理性.

摘要： 为什么要加强免疫 全球接种新冠病毒疫苗的总剂次已超60亿,我国已超22亿剂次.根据国内外研究结果来看,疫苗在预防感染、减少发病方面,尤其是预防重症和死亡方面发挥了很大作用. 但疫苗接种之后,免疫力和保护效果会随着时间(尤其是6个月后)推移而下降或削弱.研究显示,在新冠病毒疫苗接种6个月后进行加强免疫,可以使受种者体内的中和抗体迅速增长,起到较好的保护效果.因此,目前推荐进行新冠病毒疫苗的加强免疫.我国著名传染病专家、深圳市第三人民医院院长卢洪洲教授指出,从目前的情况看,今后疫苗能否对病毒免疫成功,关键在于能否刺激T细胞免疫.

摘要： The pseudo-global-warming (PGW) methodology provides an efficient means to investigate the response of a weather or climate event under an imposed climate change signal. In the traditional PGW implementation, this signal is represented through climate-change "deltas" constructed using monthly averages of global climate model (GCM) output over decadal or longer periods during the past and future. The implications of alternative formulations of such deltas were explored herein. Diurnally varying (DV) deltas were compared to the time-constant (TC) deltas used in the traditional PGW implementation;this was done to test the potential effect of future changes in the diurnal cycles of temperature, humidity, and winds. Deltas created using 10-year averages were compared to those using 30-year averages, to examine the effects of the time-averaging period in the delta construction. Finally, the common practice of additionally averaging across multiple GCMs to form a composite delta was also considered. Using simulations of three different historical convective storm events, it was shown that each of these PGW delta formulations results in differences in simulation metrics such as total accumulated rainfall, and convective intensity, but major and/or unambiguous differences were not always found. It is recommended that users of the PGW approach carefully consider all implications of delta formulation on their particular problem.

关键词： 大学生健康教育   艾滋病   认知态度影响  

摘要： 艾滋病又称获得性免疫缺陷综合症,是一种由HIV病毒感染所致,主要影响人体免疫系统的传染性疾病.近年来,随着我国社会的不断发展,年轻群体的性观念更加开放,大学生作为我国青年群体的重要组成部分,其受艾滋病威胁相对较大.从近年来我国艾滋病患者具体情况来看,18～24岁青年群体在近10年新增艾滋病患者中的占比相对较大,而这一年龄群体之下的艾滋病患者高校学生占比也相对较大,这一情况反映了我国在高校健康教育工作方面的不足.艾滋病对于高校学生的健康影响非常大,而且一旦出现相应病例,其所造成的传染风险也相对较大.对于大学生而言,强化健康教育使其更为了解艾滋病的一系列具体内容,有助于强化高校学生艾滋病的预防效果.

关键词： colonoscopy   colorectal cancer   fecal immunochemical testing   modeling   screening  

摘要： For individuals willing to minimize their lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), the most effective screening approach remains unclear. Here, we sought to compare the long-term performance of existing and alternative CRC screening offers in a case study for Germany. Applying the perspective of a perfectly adhering man or woman at average risk, we used COSIMO, a validated Markov-based multistate model, to simulate the effects of current CRC screening offers in Germany. These include age- and sex-dependent offers for fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or screening colonoscopy, which may be used twice starting at age 50 in men and age 55 in women. For comparison, we modeled screening colonoscopies at ages 50, 60 and 70, screening colonoscopies at ages 50 and 60, followed by biennial FITs and conventional FIT-based strategies at varying intervals. We found that the highest reductions in lifetime risks of developing (76%-84%) and dying from CRC (82%-90%) were achieved by three colonoscopies, followed by annual FIT screening and strategies combining both modalities. In men, additional screening from age 70 onwards reduced the risk of dying from CRC by another 9% units and resulted in 32 to 39 additional life-years-gained per 1000 individuals. Among women, three colonoscopies outperformed current screening offers in all outcomes, at little risk of screening-related complications. In summary, several FIT- and colonoscopy-based offers yield comparably high CRC risk reductions, including approaches combining both modalities. German screening offers may be optimized by lowering the eligibility age for screening colonoscopy for women, along with additional offers for the elderly.

关键词： Chiral-induced spin selectivity   spin transport in molecules   spin polarization   spin Fano resonance   near-degeneracy states   Green's function method  

摘要： Experiments on spin transport through a chiral molecule demonstrated the attainment of significant spin polarization, demanding a theoretical explanation. We report the emergence of spin Fano resonances as a mechanism in the chiral-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect associated with transport through a chiral polyacetylene molecule. Initializing electrons through optical excitation, we derive the Fano resonance formula for the spin polarization. Computations reveal that quasidegeneracy is common in this complex molecular system. A remarkable phenomenon is the generation of pronounced spin Fano resonances due to the contributions of two near-degeneracy states. We also find that the Fano resonance width increases linearly with the coupling strength between the molecule and the lead. Our findings provide another mechanism to explain the experimental observations and lead to new insights into the role of the CISS effect in complex molecules from the perspective of transport and spin polarization resonance, paving the way for chiral molecule-based spintronics applications.