关键词： 《莎士比亚全集》   朱生豪   梁实秋   校订  

摘要： 自人民文学出版社1978年出版《莎士比亚全集》以来,先后有多套经校订的,以朱生豪译本为主的《莎士比亚全集》出版,其中包括译林出版社组织校订和补译的《莎士比亚全集》,以及由陈才宇校订和补译的《莎士比亚全集》等。译林版的《莎士比亚全集》在《终成眷属》一剧的校订中,译文中有些段落采用了梁实秋翻译《终成眷属》的文字。这就与两位杰出翻译家翻译《莎士比亚全集》的翻译思想与翻译理念有了很大的差距,因此莎学研究者和爱好者不可不察。

关键词： Biological invasions   Associated invaders   Melita palmata   Ficopomatus enigmaticus  

摘要： Understanding reproductive traits of invasive species and their modulation by different invaded habitats is crucial for monitoring invasive processes. The invasive ecosystem engineers (IEE) affect their habitat structure, generating cascading effects that may modulate their own or other species' reproductive traits. In this study, we aim to evaluate the reproductive activity of a nonindigenous species (NIS), the amphipod Melita palmata, in a SW Atlantic coastal lagoon whose habitat structure has been modified by the IEE (reef builder) Ficopomatus enigmaticus. Experiments showed that: (1) the frequency of M. palmata mate pairings (reproductive rate) is higher in reefs built by the IEE than in the facies formed by sediment and valves in reef-free areas (namely sediment);(2) the ratio of mate pairings relative to receptive available females (mate access ratio) is higher in sediment;(3) higher density of M. palmata increases its reproductive rate in both habitats, and (4) lower M. palmata density and reduced habitat structure enhance the mate access ratio. Results suggest that M. palmata reproduction is either density- or habitat-dependent at higher or lower population densities, respectively. This reproductive plasticity might contribute to the permanence of NIS in new systems, the recognition of new habitats, and counteract potential reproductive isolation.

关键词： Melanoma   Metastatectomy   3D laparoscopy   Skin cancer   Innovation   Minimally invasive surgery  

摘要： Recent advancements in adjuvant therapy have led to improved survival in metastatic melanoma. Despite this, patients can be left with residual metastases that may benefit from surgical resection. There may be difficulty in access to certain anatomical locations (i.e., the pelvis) with standard open surgical techniques. We aimed to investigate whether 3D laparoscopy can be a useful adjunct in this setting. Four consecutive patients with abdominopelvic metastatic melanoma are presented. All four patients previously had primary surgery for cutaneous melanoma of the lower limb and were receiving adjuvant therapy for metastatic disease. In all four patients, liver metastases resolved following interval PET-CT scanning but a single abdominopelvic metastasis showed no response to systemic therapy. All patients underwent resection of these metastases as a joint procedure with both a 3D laparoscopic surgeon and a melanoma surgeon. All pre-operatively identified residual metastases were completely excised using 3D laparoscopy. Interval PET-CT scanning at 6 weeks showed no evidence of metastatic disease (n = 4). Our Specialist Skin Cancer Multidisciplinary Team (SSMDT) has access to open, 3D laparoscopic, and robotic surgeries which we offer on an individualized basis to our patients with oligometastatic disease. Although we have no statistically significant quantitative data to support this, we believe that 3D laparoscopy is an important surgical adjunct which we can more flexibly and efficiently deploy versus robotic surgery, enabling patient to benefit from 3D optics with reduced propensity for delay. Further collaborative research is warranted to establish whether its use reduces morbidity and improves outcomes.

关键词： Mimosa scabrella Bentham   Maillard reaction products   Prolonged storage   Spectroscopy   Heat  

摘要： Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Bentham) honeydew honey (BHH) is a peculiar Brazilian honey. It is produced only every 2 years, which raises concerns about its quality since it can be submitted to different storage conditions until a new harvest is carried out. Therefore, this study investigated the changes in the visible spectrophotometric profile (VSP) of BHH during its storage at room temperature over 24 months and 40 degrees C for 4 months. Our findings indicated a similar VSP between the BHH samples, but that varied according to the storage condition. These changes were associated with the formation of brown compounds, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which has a maximum limit established for honeys. Thereby, absorbance above 0.500 absorption units between 380 and 410 nm was proposed as indicative of BHH exposure to prolonged heating with significant loss of its quality. Still, a regression model for absorbance at 380 nm was proposed aiming to predict the BHH storage time at room temperature, since storage time longer than 20 months at average temperatures of 23.0 +/- 2.3 degrees C do not seem to be suitable for BHH. Thus, the VSP showed potential for monitoring BHH quality.

关键词： nonlinear index   cnoidal wave   two-level system  

摘要： We consider a cnoidal wave propagating in a two-level system, for which an exact analytic solution exists. Two effective components of the third-order nonlinearity chi((3)), describing Kerr effect and third harmonics generation, can be derived from it. Some discrepancy has been found with respect to the usual formalism of nonlinear susceptibilities. Numerical computation shows that the exact cnoidal wave solution the most accurately describes the nonlinear propagation of a quasi-monochromatic wave. Especially, the third harmonic resonance of the third-order nonlinearity, predicted by the formalism of nonlinear susceptibilities, is not observed.

关键词： Cubature rules   Alternative shifted Jacobi polynomials   Multi-dimensional integral equations   Operational matrices   Epidemic models   Computational complexity  

摘要： The purpose of this paper is to derive cubature formulas using bivariate degree-graded alternative shifted Jacobi polynomials and present some of their applications through a method for fast and explicit construction of operational integration matrices in this polynomial basis. First, we take the non-degree-graded alternative shifted Jacobi polynomial basis over the interval [0, 1] and introduce a corresponding degree-graded polynomial basis. We then construct sparse and well-structured operational integration matrices in that basis. The main advantage of the proposed idea is the low computational complexity which is derived through vector-matrix multiplications without change of bases. As an application, a fast and accurate numerical algorithm based on the obtained cubature formula is developed for the approximate solution of nonlinear multi-dimensional integral equations which arise in the theory of nonlinear parabolic boundary value problems as well as the mathematical modeling of the spatio-temporal development of an epidemic. It is shown that such a matrix representation of cubature formula in terms of the bivariate degree-graded basis gives an approximate solution with a higher order accuracy. The experimental results also illustrate that smaller size and lower orders of the operational matrix and basis functions can obtain a favorable approximate solution. (C) 2021 International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： quarry lake   temperature   geothermal heat pump   greenhouse   mining activity   environmental restoration  

摘要： In northern Italy, most greenhouses rely on gas or oil heaters which are sometimes subject to high operating costs. Several greenhouses are nearby quarry lakes, which are the legacy of the expansion of cities in the last decades, including Turin (NW Italy). About 20 quarry lakes were excavated close to the Po riverbed in the southern part of this urban area, along a belt of more than 30 km in length, with an overall volume exceeding 10 million m(3) water. The study addresses these artificial lakes as a low enthalpy thermal energy source, potentially providing heat to surrounding agri-business buildings. Detailed temperature monitoring of a large lake quarry was conducted over two years at different depths, measuring the surrounding groundwater level as well. Two different behaviors of the lake during the winter and summer seasons enabled the definition of a quite low water mixing process between the surrounding aquifers and the lake (in the range of 2-4 degrees C). An evaluation of the heat extraction potential using the lake as a heat source, depending on water temperature and its volume, and a qualitative comparison with groundwater systems are proposed. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on an overlooked resource for sustainable heating.

关键词： Capecitabine   Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase   5-fluorouracil   TAS-102   Toxicity   Clinical pharmacology  

摘要： Severe toxicity of the fluoropyrimidine drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine is associated with deficiency of the primary inactivating enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Pretreatment screening for DPD deficiency is applied followed by initial dose reduction in DPD-deficient patients in order to prevent severe toxicity Nonetheless, severe toxicity may still occur and therefore, new treatment options are highly warranted. Trifluridine/tipiracil is a new anticancer drug that is registered for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients who have been previously treated with, or have contraindications for 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Importantly, its metabolism is completely independent of DPD. Thereby, tr ifluridine/tipiracil may offer a new treatment paradigm for the safe treatment of DPD-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer patients. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： danio rerio   alternative methods   organ toxicity   3R   transgenic animals  

摘要： Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species.

关键词： Drug court   Risk-need-responsivity   RNR   Substance use treatment   Court-mandated treatment   Graduation rates  

摘要： Drug courts have been in operation for decades to provide treatment alternatives to individuals whose substance use and related behaviors have brought them into contact with the criminal justice system. As research on drug courts have evolved, it has been demonstrated that different types of offenders have different mental health and substance use treatment needs. One way of approaching treatment in court-mandated substance use treatment is by the application of the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model (Andrews, Zinger et al., 1990). The Orleans Parish Drug Court expanded assessment and treatment services to determine whether the implementation of alternative substance use programming within a traditional drug court model improved outcomes. The goals of the current study were to describe the process of implementing risk and need principles, provide a description of client characteristics, examine the factors related to successful completion of drug court, and investigate completion rates across risk and need groups. Results demonstrated that risk and need groups differed on several demographic variables, levels of substance use, mental health concerns, and legal issues, suggesting assessment and triage procedures were successful. Comparisons between individuals who successfully completed drug court and those who were terminated prematurely also showed significant differences. Specifically, baseline age, education, substance use problems and frequency, and days in jail/prison were unique predictors of successful drug court completion. Finally, as predicted, individuals in the group with the lowest risk and need had the highest graduation rate, despite receiving less intensive services. Overall, creation of specialized treatment tracks within a traditional drug court program appears to be an effective strategy to target the wide range of offenders typical of drug court participants.