关键词： 其他综合收益波动   违约风险   债务融资成本  

摘要： 本文从其他综合收益波动、违约风险与债务融资成本三者关系入手,研究其他综合收益波动对债务融资成本的影响及其作用路径.通过实证研究得到如下结论:(1)其他综合收益波动越大,债务融资成本越高;(2)其他综合收益波动越大,企业违约风险越高;(3)其他综合收益波动通过违约风险作用于债务融资成本,即其他综合收益波动使得违约风险增大,进而导致企业债务融资成本提升.

关键词： Bromine compounds  

摘要： Polyester polyols synthesized via a polycondensation reaction of diols with diacids or their diesters are commonly used as polyurethane building blocks. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative route to polyester polyols via oxidative esterification of aliphatic alpha,omega-diols. Unlike the polycondensation reaction, this process is carried out in aqueous media at 30 degrees C under atmospheric pressure. In situ generated hypobromous acid from the mixture of NaBr, NaBrO3 and H2SO4 is used to trigger the reaction. The reaction progress can be conveniently controlled with the Br/OH molar ratio. The properties of the obtained polyesters are determined by the applied diol and can be tailored using a mixture of diols. The composition of polymers is determined with GPC, NMR, and MALDI-TOF MS. It is shown that polyesters obtained with this method can be used as precursors for polyurethane synthesis. This work provides a quick and convenient route to polyester polyol synthesis, feasible in any laboratory.

关键词： Telomere   Telomerase inhibitor   Antisense oligonucleotides   Alternative splicing   Translation blocking  

摘要： Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that catalyzes the addition of telomeric repeated DNA onto the 3' ends of linear chromosomes. Telomerase inhibition was broadly used for cancer therapeutics. Here, six antisense oligonucleotides were designed to regulate TERT mRNA alternative splicing and protein translation. To pursue a better stability in vitro, we chemically modified the oligonucleotides into phosphorothioate (PS) backbone and 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE PS) version and phosphoroamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) version. The oligonucleotides were transfected into HEK 293T cells and HeLa cells, and the mRNA expression, protein level and catalytic activity of telomerase were determined. We found the Int8 notably promoted hTERT mRNA exon 7-8 skipping, which greatly reduced telomerase activity, and the 5'-UTR treatment led to an obvious protein translation barrier and telomerase inhibition. These results demonstrate the potential of antisense oligonucleotide drugs targeting hTERT for antitumor therapy. Moreover, two specific antisense oligonucleotides were identified to be effective in reducing telomerase activity. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biocompatibility  

摘要： Valvular structural deterioration and calcification are the main indications for secondary intervention after bioprosthetic valve replacement, promoting an urgent requirement for more durable cardiovascular biomaterials for clinical applications. The swim bladder of carp we introduced in this study has several advantages as a raw biomaterial when compared to the bovine pericardium. First, the results of in vitro assays demonstrated that the cross-linked carp swim bladder exhibited superior biocompatibility compared to the bovine pericardium, and the anti-calcification property was verified by subcutaneous implantation experiments in rats. Furthermore, the cross-linked swim bladder tissue was sutured on a cobalt-chromium alloy stent to fabricate a pulmonary bioprosthetic valve, and then the feasibility and durability of the bioprosthetic valve were proved by a fatigue test in vitro. Finally, a sheep pulmonary bioprosthetic valve replacement in situ experiment further confirmed the superior calcification resistance, immune-compatibility, endothelialization, and hemodynamic properties of the swim bladder, suggesting that it might be used as an alternative biomaterial for bioprosthetic valves.

关键词： Bio modifiers   Soybean oil-derived modifiers   Polymer   Rejuvenators   Recycling agent   Reactive restorative modifier   Rheology   Mechanical performance   High-and low-temperature properties  

摘要： Soybean oil-derived modifiers were used for the improvement of properties of asphalt materials prepared for a pavement demonstration project. The rheological properties of base, biomodified and extracted binders were measured/compared using rheometers. The binder modification resulted in a decrease of 1.2 degrees C and 2.3 degrees C in, respectively, the high-and low-temperature grades of base binder, and when the effect of RAP binder was considered, the continuous performance grade (PG) became almost identical with that of base/control binder. Due to the biomodification and the presence of RAP, the binder's elastic recovery (R) increased by 8.0% and its non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) decreased by 0.13 kPa(-1). The tests conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of the mixtures proved the efficacy of the bio-modifiers used in reversing the undesired effects of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and improving the performance of asphalt pavements at different temperatures. For instance, the Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test results revealed that the presence of bio-modifiers resulted in the increase of stripping inflection point (SIP) by 3619 passes. The disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) test proved the effectiveness of the bio-modifiers used, as these modifiers increased the fracture energy by 113 J/ m(2). The master curves constructed for the asphalt binders and mixtures indicated an increased stiffness/elasticity at intermediate and high temperatures.

摘要： 11月22日,河南省发展改革委印发《关于进一步优化可再生能源项目建设环境切实减轻企业负担的通知》(下称《通知》). 《通知》提到,不得强行要求风电、光伏发电开发与其他产业项目投资进行捆绑,不得将应由地方政府承担的社会公益事业相关投资,转嫁给可再生能源投资企业,不得以任何名义出台与国家规定相悖的文件限制可再生能源发展.

关键词： Editorials   autophagy   cardiomyopathies   diet   high-fat   mitochondria   mitophagy   obesity  

关键词： autophagy   hypertrophy   mitochondria   mitophagy   obesity  

摘要： Rationale: Obesity-associated cardiomyopathy characterized by hypertrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, including mitophagy, are essential for the maintenance of cardiac function in obesity-associated cardiomyopathy. However, autophagic flux peaks at around 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and declines thereafter. Objective: We investigated whether mitophagy is activated during the chronic phase of cardiomyopathy associated with obesity (obesity cardiomyopathy) after general autophagy is downregulated and, if so, what the underlying mechanism and the functional significance are. Methods and Results: Mice were fed either a normal diet or a HFD (60 kcal% fat). Mitophagy, evaluated using Mito-Keima, was increased after 3 weeks of HFD consumption and continued to increase after conventional mechanisms of autophagy were inactivated, at least until 24 weeks. HFD consumption time-dependently upregulated both Ser555-phosphorylated Ulk1 (unc-51 like kinase 1) and Rab9 (Ras-related protein Rab-9) in the mitochondrial fraction. Mitochondria were sequestrated by Rab9-positive ring-like structures in cardiomyocytes isolated from mice after 20 weeks of HFD consumption, consistent with the activation of alternative mitophagy. Increases in mitophagy induced by HFD consumption for 20 weeks were abolished in cardiac-specific ulk1 knockout mouse hearts, in which both diastolic and systolic dysfunction were exacerbated. Rab9 S179A knock-in mice, in which alternative mitophagy is selectively suppressed, exhibited impaired mitophagy and more severe cardiac dysfunction than control mice following HFD consumption for 20 weeks. Overexpression of Rab9 in the heart increased mitophagy and protected against cardiac dysfunction during HFD consumption. HFD-induced activation of Rab9-dependent mitophagy was accompanied by upregulation of TFE3 (transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3), which plays an essential role in transcriptional act

关键词： Asphalt modification   Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)   Recycled rubber-plastic blends   Compatibility   Mixture performance  

摘要： The utilization of recycled rubber and plastics for asphalt modification potentially has more social and economic benefits than using typical styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). However, the availability, compatibility, and stability issues of recycled plastic and rubber in the asphalt limit their application in the field. This study explored an alternative modifier to SBS for asphalt modification by using recycled rubber-plastic blends consisting of recycled polyethylene and tire crumb rubber. The compatibility and rheological properties of the various modified binder blends were characterized by dynamic shear rheometer and optical microscopy. Both recycled rubber-plastic and SBS-modified binder blends were prepared to evaluate the performance of the asphalt mixtures, including rutting, cracking, and moisture resistance. The results showed that the recycled rubber-plastic-modified asphalt could form interacted continuous phases of rubber and plastic, which improved the compatibility of the binder blends and the performance of the asphalt mixtures. Therefore, the recycled rubber-plastic blends can be considered as a potentially suitable alternative for asphalt modification from both performance and economical points of view.

关键词： 面食   米粉   油炸   大米   《汉书》   异体字  

摘要： 菓,在《现代汉语词典》中作为果的异体字被标注。《汉书》里写:"古者有春尝菓,方今樱桃熟,可献"。东汉学者应劭说":木曰菓,草曰蓏"。木本植物结出的叫菓,草本植物结出的叫蓏。后来,这两个字被简化为果和瓜。今天,在盛产小麦的中国北方,人们将一种油炸的面食称作"馃",将旧式点心统称"馃子"。而在以大米为主食的我国南方,人们则把各种各样用米粉等制作的食品称为"粿",如清明粿、韭菜粿等。从菓到馃和粿,菓的食品演进引发了许多人的兴趣。有人推测,最晚到了汉代。