关键词： 大学生健康教育   艾滋病   认知态度影响  

摘要： 艾滋病又称获得性免疫缺陷综合症,是一种由HIV病毒感染所致,主要影响人体免疫系统的传染性疾病.近年来,随着我国社会的不断发展,年轻群体的性观念更加开放,大学生作为我国青年群体的重要组成部分,其受艾滋病威胁相对较大.从近年来我国艾滋病患者具体情况来看,18～24岁青年群体在近10年新增艾滋病患者中的占比相对较大,而这一年龄群体之下的艾滋病患者高校学生占比也相对较大,这一情况反映了我国在高校健康教育工作方面的不足.艾滋病对于高校学生的健康影响非常大,而且一旦出现相应病例,其所造成的传染风险也相对较大.对于大学生而言,强化健康教育使其更为了解艾滋病的一系列具体内容,有助于强化高校学生艾滋病的预防效果.

关键词： colonoscopy   colorectal cancer   fecal immunochemical testing   modeling   screening  

摘要： For individuals willing to minimize their lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), the most effective screening approach remains unclear. Here, we sought to compare the long-term performance of existing and alternative CRC screening offers in a case study for Germany. Applying the perspective of a perfectly adhering man or woman at average risk, we used COSIMO, a validated Markov-based multistate model, to simulate the effects of current CRC screening offers in Germany. These include age- and sex-dependent offers for fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or screening colonoscopy, which may be used twice starting at age 50 in men and age 55 in women. For comparison, we modeled screening colonoscopies at ages 50, 60 and 70, screening colonoscopies at ages 50 and 60, followed by biennial FITs and conventional FIT-based strategies at varying intervals. We found that the highest reductions in lifetime risks of developing (76%-84%) and dying from CRC (82%-90%) were achieved by three colonoscopies, followed by annual FIT screening and strategies combining both modalities. In men, additional screening from age 70 onwards reduced the risk of dying from CRC by another 9% units and resulted in 32 to 39 additional life-years-gained per 1000 individuals. Among women, three colonoscopies outperformed current screening offers in all outcomes, at little risk of screening-related complications. In summary, several FIT- and colonoscopy-based offers yield comparably high CRC risk reductions, including approaches combining both modalities. German screening offers may be optimized by lowering the eligibility age for screening colonoscopy for women, along with additional offers for the elderly.

关键词： Chiral-induced spin selectivity   spin transport in molecules   spin polarization   spin Fano resonance   near-degeneracy states   Green's function method  

摘要： Experiments on spin transport through a chiral molecule demonstrated the attainment of significant spin polarization, demanding a theoretical explanation. We report the emergence of spin Fano resonances as a mechanism in the chiral-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect associated with transport through a chiral polyacetylene molecule. Initializing electrons through optical excitation, we derive the Fano resonance formula for the spin polarization. Computations reveal that quasidegeneracy is common in this complex molecular system. A remarkable phenomenon is the generation of pronounced spin Fano resonances due to the contributions of two near-degeneracy states. We also find that the Fano resonance width increases linearly with the coupling strength between the molecule and the lead. Our findings provide another mechanism to explain the experimental observations and lead to new insights into the role of the CISS effect in complex molecules from the perspective of transport and spin polarization resonance, paving the way for chiral molecule-based spintronics applications.

关键词： Plasticizer   Substitutes   Children   Exposure   Risks   Asia  

摘要： Phthalates are widely used in consumer products and are well-known for adverse endocrine outcomes. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most extensively used phthalates, has been rapidly substituted with alternative plasticizers in many consumer products. The aim of this study was to assess urinary phthalate and alternative plasticizer exposure and associated risks in children of three Asian countries with different geographical, climate, and cultural characteristics. Children were recruited from elementary schools of Saudi Arabia (n = 109), Thailand (n = 104), and Indonesia (n = 89) in 2017-2018, and their urine samples were collected. Metabolites of major phthalates and alternative plasticizers were measured in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary metabolite levels differed substantially between the three countries. Metabolite levels of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) were the highest in Saudi children: Median urinary concentrations of oxo-MiNP, OH-MiDP, 5cx-MEPTP, and OH-MINCH were 8.3, 8.4, 128.0, and 2.9 ng/mL, respectively. Urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations were the highest in the Indonesian children. The hazard index (HI) derived for the plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (RfD(AA)) was >1 in 86%, 80%, and 49% of the Saudi, Indonesian, and Thai children, respectively. DEHP was identified as a common major risk driver for the children of all three countries, followed by DnBP and DiBP depending on the country. Among alternative plasticizers, urinary DEHTP metabolites were detected at levels comparable to those of DEHP metabolites or higher among the Saudi children, and about 4% of the Saudi children exceeded the health based human biomonitoring (HBM)-I value. Priority plasticizers that were identified among the children of three countries warrant refined exposure assessment for source identific

关键词： Autogenous shrinkage   Internal curing   Performance   Microstructure   Micro-mechanical properties  

摘要： To prepare low-shrinkage ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with adequate mechanical properties and durability, the role of physicochemical properties of saturated lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) in controlling the properties development of UHPC was explored. The test results showed that the LWFA could not only mitigate autogenous shrinkage significantly but also improve compressive strength and durability of UHPC. The internal curing of LWFA mitigated the reduction of internal relative humidity and promoted the hydration of cement and pozzolanic reaction. As a result, more C-S-H gel with higher polymerization degree was formed, contributing to improved micro-mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the pores in UHPC containing LWFA were significantly refined and a dense zone was formed around LWFA. Therefore, the increased hydration and pozzolanic reaction degrees, enhanced density and polymerization degree of C-S-H gels and refined pore structure of matrix counteracted the negative effects induced by the porous LWFA, contributing to the improved properties of UHPC.

关键词： phthalates   alternative plasticizers   benchmark concentrations   endocrine disruption   high-content imaging   administered equivalent doses  

摘要： The developmental and reproductive toxicity associated with exposure to phthalates has motivated a search for alternatives. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the adverse effects of some of these chemicals. We used high-content imaging to compare the effects of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) with six alternative plasticizers: di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP);diisononyl-phthalate (DINP);di-isononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH);2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA);2,2,4-trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) and di-iso-decyl-adipate (DIDA). A male germ spermatogonial cell line (C18-4), a Sertoli cell line (TM4) and two steroidogenic cell lines (MA-10 Leydig and KGN granulosa) were exposed for 48 h to each chemical (0.001-100 mu M). Cell images were analyzed to assess cytotoxicity and effects on phenotypic endpoints. Only MEHP (100 mu M) was cytotoxic and only in C18-4 cells. However, several plasticizers had distinct phenotypic effects in all four cell lines. DINP increased Calcein intensity in C18-4 cells, whereas DIDA induced oxidative stress. In TM4 cells, MEHP, and DINCH affected lipid droplet numbers, while DEHTP and DINCH increased oxidative stress. In MA-10 cells, MEHP increased lipid droplet areas and oxidative stress;DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, while DINP, DEHA, and DIDA altered mitochondrial activity. In KGN cells, MEHP, DINP and DINCH increased the number of lipid droplets, whereas DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, increased oxidative stress and affected mitochondria. The Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) provided a visual illustration of the cell line specificity of the effects on phenotypic parameters. The lowest administered equivalent doses were observed for MEHP. We propose that this approach may assist in screening alternative plasticizers. WhileMEHP was the only chemical displaying cytotoxicity, alternative plasticizers caused cell type-specific phenotypic changes in somatic and germ cell lines.

关键词： Construction materials   Hybrid materials   Abrasive wear   Durability  

摘要： Hybrid cements (HC) are a possible replacement of Portland cement, as their activation process only requires a small amount of sulphates, and is carried out with water at room temperature. The present work aims to study the wear behaviour of HC manufactured from two different wastes: blast furnace slag (HS) and fly ash (HFA). Their wear behaviour was compared to Portland cements (CEM I and CEM IV). Reciprocating wear tests and rolling wear Bo spacing diaeresis hme tests were carried out for pastes and mortars, respectively. Wear tracks in the pastes were analysed through opto-digital microscopy and electron microscopy (SEM). In the mortars, the mechanical resistance was measured to understand different behaviours. The results obtained reveal that HC pastes and mortars present lower wear losses than CEM IV and similar to CEM I.

关键词： complementary and alternative medicine   COVID-19   delta variant   meta-analysis   Qingshu Yiqi decoction  

摘要： Background: Qingshu Yiqi decoction combined with general western medicine are important and prevalent recently treatment method of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Delta variant, but the efficacy and safety were not clear. This meta-analysis aims to clarify their clinical efficacy and safety thus to provide evidence for clinical application. Methods: We searched Chinese databases CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and English databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase for the current study. The retrieval time was from the establishment to November, 2021. Literature quality was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment criteria of Cochrane Collaboration network. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used to perform this research. Results: The efficacy and safety of Qingshu Yiqi decoction combined with western medicine for COVID-19 with Delta variant were evaluated in terms of total effective rate, TCM syndrome score, negative conversation rate of viral nucleic acid, disappearance rate of clinical symptoms (such as fever, cough, and fatigue), CT improvement, white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM) and adverse reaction rate. Conclusion: This study provides reliable evidence-based support for the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingshu Yiqi decoction as a complementary and alternative therapy for COVID-19 with Delta variant. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021271606.

关键词： t-lymphocytes   covid-19   pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome   monocytes   natural killer cells   antigens   cd16  

摘要： In rare instances, pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a novel immunodysregulation syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We compared MIS-C immunopathology with severe COVID-19 in adults. MIS-C does not result in pneumocyte damage but is associated with vascular endotheliitis and gastrointestinal epithelial injury. In MIS-C, the cytokine release syndrome is characterized by IFN gamma and not type I interferon. Persistence of patrolling monocytes differentiates MIS-C from severe COVID-19, which is dominated by HLA-DRlo classical monocytes. IFN gamma levels correlate with granzyme B production in CD16(+) NK cells and TIM3 expression on CD38(+)/HLA-DR+ T cells. Single-cell TCR profiling reveals a skewed TCR beta repertoire enriched for TRBV11-2 and a superantigenic signature in TIM3(+)/CD38(+)/HLA-DR+ T cells. Using NicheNet, we confirm IFN gamma as a central cytokine in the communication between TIM3(+)/CD38(+)/HLA-DR+ T cells, CD16(+) NK cells, and patrolling monocytes. Normalization of IFN gamma, loss of TIM3, quiescence of CD16(+) NK cells, and contraction of patrolling monocytes upon clinical resolution highlight their potential role in MIS-C immunopathogenesis. MIS-C is a novel immunodysregulation syndrome in children with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study employs a multi-omics approach to explore its immunopathogenesis. The authors show that IFN gamma-mediated interactions between T cells, monocytes, and NK cells reside at the heart of the disease.

关键词： silicon nitride   transparent microelectrode arrays   electrode insulation   reactive sputtering   cell-based impedance spectroscopy  

摘要： Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used to study the behavior of cells noninvasively and in real time. While the design of MEAs focuses mainly on the electrode material or its application-dependent modification, the passivation layer, which is crucial to define the electrode area and to insulate the conducting paths, remains largely unnoticed. Because often most cells are in direct contact with the passivation layer rather than the electrode material, biocompatible photoresists such as SU-8 are almost exclusively used. However, SU-8 is not without limitations in terms of optical transmission, optimal cell support, or compatibility within polymer-based microfluidic lab on chip systems. Here, we established a silicon nitride (SiN) passivation by physical vapor deposition (PVD), which was optimized and evaluated for impedance spectroscopy-based monitoring of cells. Surface characteristics, biocompatibility, and electrical insulation capability were investigated and compared to SU8 in detail. To investigate the influence of the SiN passivation on the impedimetric analysis of cells, HEK-293 A and MCF-7 were chosen as adherent cell models and measured on microelectrodes of 50-200 mu m in diameter. The results clearly revealed an overall suitability of SiN as alternative passivation. While for the smallest electrode size a cell line dependent comparable or slightly decreased cell signal could be observed in comparison with SU-8, a significant higher cell signal was observed for microelectrodes larger than 50 mu m in diameter. Furthermore, a high suitability for the bonding of PEGDA and PDMS microfluidic structures on the SiN passivation layer without any leakage could be demonstrated.