关键词： 信托法   法律间竞合   经济分析   特别法   普通法  

摘要： 本文以安信信托股份有限公司与湖南高速财务有限公司的一则信托案件的判决出发,探讨《中华人民共和国信托法》与其他有构成要件类似的法律之间,如果构成竞合,应该如何处理的问题.本文认为,如将法律视同一般产品般有供给和需求的话,处理相同或相类似的社会事实的法律间就会有替代性的竞争.这样的竞争现象,是产生法律间竞合的经济原因,而不必费心讨论何者为特别法、何者为普通法.再以本案的要件事实而论,原被告双方之间的信托受益权转让附回购,和《中华人民共和国信托法》第四十三条关于信托利益分配以信托财产为限的规定并不相符.以信托法作为特别法而有"刚兑禁令"的适用,既在逻辑上不能成立,也违背了司法本应有的经济理性.

摘要： 为什么要加强免疫 全球接种新冠病毒疫苗的总剂次已超60亿,我国已超22亿剂次.根据国内外研究结果来看,疫苗在预防感染、减少发病方面,尤其是预防重症和死亡方面发挥了很大作用. 但疫苗接种之后,免疫力和保护效果会随着时间(尤其是6个月后)推移而下降或削弱.研究显示,在新冠病毒疫苗接种6个月后进行加强免疫,可以使受种者体内的中和抗体迅速增长,起到较好的保护效果.因此,目前推荐进行新冠病毒疫苗的加强免疫.我国著名传染病专家、深圳市第三人民医院院长卢洪洲教授指出,从目前的情况看,今后疫苗能否对病毒免疫成功,关键在于能否刺激T细胞免疫.

摘要： The pseudo-global-warming (PGW) methodology provides an efficient means to investigate the response of a weather or climate event under an imposed climate change signal. In the traditional PGW implementation, this signal is represented through climate-change "deltas" constructed using monthly averages of global climate model (GCM) output over decadal or longer periods during the past and future. The implications of alternative formulations of such deltas were explored herein. Diurnally varying (DV) deltas were compared to the time-constant (TC) deltas used in the traditional PGW implementation;this was done to test the potential effect of future changes in the diurnal cycles of temperature, humidity, and winds. Deltas created using 10-year averages were compared to those using 30-year averages, to examine the effects of the time-averaging period in the delta construction. Finally, the common practice of additionally averaging across multiple GCMs to form a composite delta was also considered. Using simulations of three different historical convective storm events, it was shown that each of these PGW delta formulations results in differences in simulation metrics such as total accumulated rainfall, and convective intensity, but major and/or unambiguous differences were not always found. It is recommended that users of the PGW approach carefully consider all implications of delta formulation on their particular problem.

关键词： 大学生健康教育   艾滋病   认知态度影响  

摘要： 艾滋病又称获得性免疫缺陷综合症,是一种由HIV病毒感染所致,主要影响人体免疫系统的传染性疾病.近年来,随着我国社会的不断发展,年轻群体的性观念更加开放,大学生作为我国青年群体的重要组成部分,其受艾滋病威胁相对较大.从近年来我国艾滋病患者具体情况来看,18～24岁青年群体在近10年新增艾滋病患者中的占比相对较大,而这一年龄群体之下的艾滋病患者高校学生占比也相对较大,这一情况反映了我国在高校健康教育工作方面的不足.艾滋病对于高校学生的健康影响非常大,而且一旦出现相应病例,其所造成的传染风险也相对较大.对于大学生而言,强化健康教育使其更为了解艾滋病的一系列具体内容,有助于强化高校学生艾滋病的预防效果.

关键词： colonoscopy   colorectal cancer   fecal immunochemical testing   modeling   screening  

摘要： For individuals willing to minimize their lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), the most effective screening approach remains unclear. Here, we sought to compare the long-term performance of existing and alternative CRC screening offers in a case study for Germany. Applying the perspective of a perfectly adhering man or woman at average risk, we used COSIMO, a validated Markov-based multistate model, to simulate the effects of current CRC screening offers in Germany. These include age- and sex-dependent offers for fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or screening colonoscopy, which may be used twice starting at age 50 in men and age 55 in women. For comparison, we modeled screening colonoscopies at ages 50, 60 and 70, screening colonoscopies at ages 50 and 60, followed by biennial FITs and conventional FIT-based strategies at varying intervals. We found that the highest reductions in lifetime risks of developing (76%-84%) and dying from CRC (82%-90%) were achieved by three colonoscopies, followed by annual FIT screening and strategies combining both modalities. In men, additional screening from age 70 onwards reduced the risk of dying from CRC by another 9% units and resulted in 32 to 39 additional life-years-gained per 1000 individuals. Among women, three colonoscopies outperformed current screening offers in all outcomes, at little risk of screening-related complications. In summary, several FIT- and colonoscopy-based offers yield comparably high CRC risk reductions, including approaches combining both modalities. German screening offers may be optimized by lowering the eligibility age for screening colonoscopy for women, along with additional offers for the elderly.

关键词： Chiral-induced spin selectivity   spin transport in molecules   spin polarization   spin Fano resonance   near-degeneracy states   Green's function method  

摘要： Experiments on spin transport through a chiral molecule demonstrated the attainment of significant spin polarization, demanding a theoretical explanation. We report the emergence of spin Fano resonances as a mechanism in the chiral-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect associated with transport through a chiral polyacetylene molecule. Initializing electrons through optical excitation, we derive the Fano resonance formula for the spin polarization. Computations reveal that quasidegeneracy is common in this complex molecular system. A remarkable phenomenon is the generation of pronounced spin Fano resonances due to the contributions of two near-degeneracy states. We also find that the Fano resonance width increases linearly with the coupling strength between the molecule and the lead. Our findings provide another mechanism to explain the experimental observations and lead to new insights into the role of the CISS effect in complex molecules from the perspective of transport and spin polarization resonance, paving the way for chiral molecule-based spintronics applications.

关键词： Plasticizer   Substitutes   Children   Exposure   Risks   Asia  

摘要： Phthalates are widely used in consumer products and are well-known for adverse endocrine outcomes. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most extensively used phthalates, has been rapidly substituted with alternative plasticizers in many consumer products. The aim of this study was to assess urinary phthalate and alternative plasticizer exposure and associated risks in children of three Asian countries with different geographical, climate, and cultural characteristics. Children were recruited from elementary schools of Saudi Arabia (n = 109), Thailand (n = 104), and Indonesia (n = 89) in 2017-2018, and their urine samples were collected. Metabolites of major phthalates and alternative plasticizers were measured in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary metabolite levels differed substantially between the three countries. Metabolite levels of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) were the highest in Saudi children: Median urinary concentrations of oxo-MiNP, OH-MiDP, 5cx-MEPTP, and OH-MINCH were 8.3, 8.4, 128.0, and 2.9 ng/mL, respectively. Urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations were the highest in the Indonesian children. The hazard index (HI) derived for the plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (RfD(AA)) was >1 in 86%, 80%, and 49% of the Saudi, Indonesian, and Thai children, respectively. DEHP was identified as a common major risk driver for the children of all three countries, followed by DnBP and DiBP depending on the country. Among alternative plasticizers, urinary DEHTP metabolites were detected at levels comparable to those of DEHP metabolites or higher among the Saudi children, and about 4% of the Saudi children exceeded the health based human biomonitoring (HBM)-I value. Priority plasticizers that were identified among the children of three countries warrant refined exposure assessment for source identific

关键词： Autogenous shrinkage   Internal curing   Performance   Microstructure   Micro-mechanical properties  

摘要： To prepare low-shrinkage ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with adequate mechanical properties and durability, the role of physicochemical properties of saturated lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) in controlling the properties development of UHPC was explored. The test results showed that the LWFA could not only mitigate autogenous shrinkage significantly but also improve compressive strength and durability of UHPC. The internal curing of LWFA mitigated the reduction of internal relative humidity and promoted the hydration of cement and pozzolanic reaction. As a result, more C-S-H gel with higher polymerization degree was formed, contributing to improved micro-mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the pores in UHPC containing LWFA were significantly refined and a dense zone was formed around LWFA. Therefore, the increased hydration and pozzolanic reaction degrees, enhanced density and polymerization degree of C-S-H gels and refined pore structure of matrix counteracted the negative effects induced by the porous LWFA, contributing to the improved properties of UHPC.

关键词： phthalates   alternative plasticizers   benchmark concentrations   endocrine disruption   high-content imaging   administered equivalent doses  

摘要： The developmental and reproductive toxicity associated with exposure to phthalates has motivated a search for alternatives. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the adverse effects of some of these chemicals. We used high-content imaging to compare the effects of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) with six alternative plasticizers: di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP);diisononyl-phthalate (DINP);di-isononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH);2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA);2,2,4-trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) and di-iso-decyl-adipate (DIDA). A male germ spermatogonial cell line (C18-4), a Sertoli cell line (TM4) and two steroidogenic cell lines (MA-10 Leydig and KGN granulosa) were exposed for 48 h to each chemical (0.001-100 mu M). Cell images were analyzed to assess cytotoxicity and effects on phenotypic endpoints. Only MEHP (100 mu M) was cytotoxic and only in C18-4 cells. However, several plasticizers had distinct phenotypic effects in all four cell lines. DINP increased Calcein intensity in C18-4 cells, whereas DIDA induced oxidative stress. In TM4 cells, MEHP, and DINCH affected lipid droplet numbers, while DEHTP and DINCH increased oxidative stress. In MA-10 cells, MEHP increased lipid droplet areas and oxidative stress;DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, while DINP, DEHA, and DIDA altered mitochondrial activity. In KGN cells, MEHP, DINP and DINCH increased the number of lipid droplets, whereas DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, increased oxidative stress and affected mitochondria. The Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) provided a visual illustration of the cell line specificity of the effects on phenotypic parameters. The lowest administered equivalent doses were observed for MEHP. We propose that this approach may assist in screening alternative plasticizers. WhileMEHP was the only chemical displaying cytotoxicity, alternative plasticizers caused cell type-specific phenotypic changes in somatic and germ cell lines.