关键词： PFAS   Breast cancer   Cell invasion   Epigenetics   Histone modifications   PPAR alpha   Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)  

摘要： Environmental contaminants including long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to cancer, which is a central cause of mortality in humans and many wildlife species. Today shorter-chain PFAS are extensively used as replacement compounds and commonly found in the environment. Mechanistic studies are important for a better understanding of their toxicological potential and possible role in cancer etiology. Here, we treated normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) with 500 pM to 500 mu M of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (GenX), perfluoro 3,6 dioxaoctanoic acid (PFO2OA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) for 72 h to investigate potential effects on cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. PFHxA, GenX, PFO2OA, HFBA and PFBS induced no alterations compared to controls at any of the concentrations tested. Exposure to 100 mu M PFHxS on the other hand was shown to affect important regulatory cell-cycle proteins (cyclin D1, CDK6, p27, p53 and ERK) and induced cell proliferation, at least in part through activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). PFHxS also altered histone modifications and induced cell malignance by reducing the levels of adhesion proteins (E-cadherin and beta-integrin) and promoting cell migration and invasion. These results demonstrate that five out of six alternative PFAS tested are clearly less harmful to MCF-10A cells than previously studied PFOS and PFOA, but raise concerns about PFHxS that also has been associated with breast cancer in epidemiological studies.

关键词： complementary and alternative therapies   coronary heart disease   protocol   stable angina pectoris   web meta-analysis  

摘要： Background: Stable angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease is a clinical syndrome of rapid transient ischemia and hypoxia of myocardium due to the increase of myocardial load on the basis of fixed severe coronary artery stenosis. In recent years, the incidence rate of this disease has been rising steadily, which seriously threatens human life and health. When the disease occurs, its complementary and alternative therapy can relieve chest pain, improve cardiac function, and reduce adverse events. However, in retrospect of all the studies, we lack systematic analysis of the efficacy and safety of various complementary and alternative therapies. The curative effects were ranked. On the basis of these findings, we conducted a study of complementary and alternative therapy in patients with coronary heart disease, and proposed a network meta-analysis (NMA) protocol to explore the efficacy of different complementary and alternative therapies. Methods: We will comprehensively search the Chinese and English databases from the creation date to January 15, 2022. The randomized controlled trials of the supplementary and alternative treatment of stable angina pediatrics in patients with coronary heart disease and the relevant literature of the ongoing trials will be published. The 2 researchers will conduct literature screening and data extraction independently, using Cochrane system evaluator manual 5 3. The recommended bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included study, Q-test was used and combined with heterogeneity analysis, and the analysis sensitivity was observed. The Review Manager 5.4 software provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network is used to statistically analyze the included literature, and the obtained results are made into forest map and funnel map for data analysis and processing. It is suggested that the evaluation will be used to formulate and evaluate the level, so as to classify the quality of NMA evidence. Resu

关键词： Alternative ingredients   Insect meal   Microalgae   By-products   Canning industry   Tuna water cooking   Meagre  

摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the effects of alternative feed ingredients: Insect meal (DI) using non-defatted meal obtained from Acheta domesticus, Microalgae (DM) using a mix of four marine microalgae ((Nannochloropsis gaditana, Tisochrysis lutea, Rhodomonas lens, Isochrysis galbana), Protein and oil from water of tuna canning process (DP&L) and a Mixture (DMix) of the three ingredients, on the growth, feed utilisation, digestibility and composition of meagre juveniles, and the results obtained were compared with a feed similar to a commercial feed used as a control (DC). Results show that the formulated alternative feeds had different effects on fish growth. DMix have a similar growth performance than the control, whereas the other treatments (DI, DM and DP&L) showed a lower final weight. Hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices did not show differences among the treatments. Muscle protein content was higher for fish fed with DMix group whereas lipids were significantly higher in DI. In the case of the liver, protein was higher in the liver of fish fed with DI, DM and DP&L, whereas lipids were higher in fish fed with DI and DM, a result that was confirmed with the results obtained in hepatocyte size and lipid accumulation. The nutritional value of the meagre muscle at the end of the study showed that meagre fed with DM and DI diets contained a significantly higher content of monounsaturated and n-6 PUFA, whereas fish from the groups fed with DP&L and DMix had a significantly higher content of DHA and n-3 PUFA with the liver showing similar results. In view of the results obtained, the ingredients assayed in this study might be used as alternative sources of protein and lipids in aquafeeds since no negative effects were detected neither on fish growth, muscle composition or final nutritional value, except in the case of the diet with microalgae (DM), which inclusion rate in the feed must be adjusted and needs more research.

关键词： Food safety   microbial spoilage   Pseudomonas spp.   molecular imprinted polymer   surface plasmon resonance  

摘要： Here, Pseudomonas spp. molecularly imprinted polymer-based surface plasmon resonance (MIP-based SPR) sensor has been prepared to perform quantitative analysis of Pseudomonas spp simultaneously. The polymeric nanofilm is imprinted on the SPR sensor surface with the microcontact printing method. Nanofilm was characterized with contact angle Non-Imprinted Polymer (NIP) and MIP SPR chips were found at 68.7 degrees and 79.5 degrees, respectively), ellipsometer measurement (the thickness of MIP and NIP nanofilm determined 150.4 +/- 1.5 nm and 72.4 +/- 1.2 nm values, respectively) and SEM analysis. The different Pseudomonas spp. were prepared at a concentration range of 1 x 10(2) - 1 x 10(4) CFU/mL and passed through the SPR system. The total detection time for all steps was reported in 150 seconds for microorganism detection, which is very short compared to the cultural method (2 days). The detection of limit value was calculated 0.5 x 10(2) CFU/mL. Selectivity of Pseudomonas spp. nanofilm based SPR sensors %Delta R value was determined 8.3 for MIP and 0.25 for NIP. The relative selectivity coefficients (k') of MIP nanofilm based SPR sensor for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi and Escherichia coli were reported 25.82, 31.69 and 31.24 times, respectively. According to the data obtained in this study, the prepared Pseudomonas spp, suppressed surface plasmon resonance sensor, can be used as an alternative to the current cultural method and effective suppression quality, selectivity, and affinity.

关键词： Electrofuel   Efuels   Metal fuels   Sustainable fuel   Fuel synthesis   Life cycle assessment  

摘要： The transportation sector is a major contributor in global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Vital measures should be taken in order to reduce the GHG, among these measures is using electrofuels. Electrofuels are produced by combining recycled CO2 gas and hydrogen derived from water electrolysis, where the energy required to produce these fuels comes from zero-carbon electric energy. Electrofuels also include recycled solid metal fuels, which are produced through electrochemical reduction reactions of their oxides. This article presents a review on the recent advances in the field of electrofuels, which includes the chemistry of electrofuels and the reactions to produce it plus, it compares between the different studies discussing the Electrofuels life cycle assessment, and their economical and technical evaluation. Moreover, this review covers the combustion behavior of electrofuels, and how it is affecting its performance and usage. This review concluded with few suggestions to improve the production cost of electrofuels, and their integration within the current energy systems.

关键词： Longitudinal dietary intervention   Anthocyanins   Flavanones   UHPLC-ESIQqQ-MS   MS   Maqui berry   Citrus  

摘要： The comparison of non-caloric sweeteners (stevia and sucralose) and sucrose, on the plasma concentration and cumulative effects of phenolic compounds, was achieved. A long-term intervention, consisting of the daily intake of 330 mL of healthy citrus-maqui soft drinks, for 60 days, by 138 healthy overweight adults, was followed. A total of 24 bioavailable metabolites derived from caffeic acid, 3,4-di-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, hippuric acid, naringenin, 2,4,6-tri-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and vanillic acid were detected in peripheral blood plasma. A similar augment of bioactive compounds in plasma concentrations were found for the three beverages, in the range 12.3% (day 0)-85.3% (day 60), depending on the analyte considered. Due to this, the present study highlights sucralose and stevia as valuable alternatives to sucrose, providing and non significantly different plasma concentration and cumulative effect in the plasma, thus contributing to prevent a diversity of metabolic disorders and health constraints.

关键词： alternative splicing   chromatin   histone modifications   H3K27   CRISPR   epigenome editing   epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition   EMT  

摘要： Histone modifications impact final splicing decisions. However, there is little evidence of the driving role of these marks in inducing cell-specific splicing changes. Using CRISPR epigenome editing tools, we show in an epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell reprogramming system (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [EMT]) that a single change in H3K27ac or H3K27me3 levels right at the alternatively spliced exon is necessary and sufficient to induce a splicing change capable of recapitulating important aspects of EMT, such as cell motility and invasiveness. This histone-mark-dependent splicing effect is highly dynamic and mediated by direct recruitment of the splicing regulator PTB to its RNA binding sites. These results support a role for H3K27 marks in inducing a change in the cell's phenotype via regulation of alternative splicing. We propose the dynamic nature of chromatin as a rapid and reversible mechanism to coordinate the splicing response to cell-extrinsic cues, such as induction of EMT.

摘要： Alternatively spliced RNA isoforms are a hallmark of tumors, but their nature, prevalence, and clinical implications in gastric cancer have not been comprehensively characterized. We systematically profiled the splicing landscape of 83 gastric tumors and matched normal mucosa, identifying and experimentally validating eight splicing events that can classify all gastric cancers into three sub-types: epithelial-splicing (EpiS), mesenchymal-splicing (MesS), and hybrid-splicing. These subtypes were associated with distinct molecular signatures and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mar-kers. Subtype-specific splicing events were enriched in motifs for splicing factors RBM24 and ESRP1, which were upregulated in MesS and EpiS tumors, respectively. A simple classifier based only on RNA levels of RBM24 and ESRP1, which can be readily imple-mented in the clinic, was sufficient to distinguish gastric cancer subtypes and predict patient survival in multiple independent patient cohorts. Overall, this study provides insights into alternative splicing in gastric cancer and the potential clinical utility of splicing-based patient classification. Significance: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing in the context of patient classification, molecular mechanisms, and prognosis in gastric cancer.

关键词： Plant-based alternative foods   Food system transformations   Dietary trends   United Kingdom   Sustainable food systems  

摘要： A global transformation towards sustainable food systems is crucial for delivering on climate change mitigation targets worldwide. In high-and middle-income settings, plant-based meat and dairy alternatives present potential substitutes for animal sourced foods, and a pathway to transition to more sustainable diets. We examined plant-based alternative foods (PBAF) consumption trends in the UK by analysing repeated cross-sectional food consumption data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008-2019. Dietary data for 15,655 individuals aged 1.5 years and over were analysed to assess aggregate change in intake of PBAF and six other food groups that play a role in transformative dietary change. Characteristics associated with consumption of PBAF were explored using logistic regression, and consumption patterns in high and low meat consumers were explored by examining intake of potential animal product substitute food groups. The proportion of individuals reporting consumption of any PBAFs increased from 6.7% in 2008-2011, to 13.1% in 2017-2019 (p < 0.01). Compared to 2008-2011 PBAF consumption rose by 115% in 2017-2019 (p < 0.01). Females were 46% more likely than males to report consumption of PBAF (p < 0.01). Millennials (age 24-39 years) were the most likely generation to report PBAF consumption (p < 0.01 compared to generation Z (age 11-23 years) and traditionalists (age 75+ years)), as were individuals of the highest income tertile (p < 0.01). Among "low meat consumers", PBAF consumption was on average higher than "high meat consumers" (18.6 g versus 4.8 g PBAF per day, p < 0.01). Our results support the hypothesis of a pivotal role of PBAF in the transition towards sustainable food systems in the UK, by demonstrating they are becoming increasingly popular among UK consumers. This highlights the ur-gent need to assess in detail the environmental and health impacts of large scale and population-wide consump-tion of PBAF in comparison to their animal-based equ

关键词： Trypanosome alternative oxidase inhibitor   Trypanosoma brucei   benzamidine   imidazoline   glycolysis  

摘要： The trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the respiration of the blood-stream form trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei, is a validated drug target against African trypanosomes. Earlier series of TAO inhibitors having a 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid scaffold ("head") and a triphenylphosphonium or quinolin-1-ium cation as a mitochondrion-targeting group ("tail") were shown to be nanomolar inhibitors in enzymatic and cellular assays. We investigated here the effect of different mitochondrion-targeting cations and other scaffold modifications on the in vitro activity of this class of inhibitors. Low micromolar range activities were obtained, and the structure-activity relationship studies showed that modulation of the tail region with polar substituents is generally detrimental to the enzymatic and cellular activity of TAO inhibitors.