关键词： 先天性心脏病   非心脏畸形   同期联合手术  

摘要： 目的探讨先天性心脏病合并其他畸形同期联合手术的可行性并总结手术经验及规避风险路径。方法收集2015年5月至2019年12月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院44例行同期联合手术患儿的临床资料,并收集同一时期在我院手术的患儿中经与联合手术患儿个体匹配后的44例患儿资料作为研究对象,并分为高风险组(17例)和低风险组(27例)。对比分析同期手术与分期手术不同组别患儿早期血流动力学指标及其他住院指标,以此评价同期联合手术方案是否更加优化。结果同期组患儿均成功施行联合手术,其中4例术后出现并发症,院外死亡1例,均为高风险组患儿,其余患儿均治愈出院。同期组与分期组相比,患儿一般资料及术后早期血流动力学指标无明显差异,但手术及麻醉费用更低,平均缩短住院总时间5天,差异有统计学意义。相比于低风险组,高风险组同期联合手术患儿年龄、体质量明显偏低,合并畸形相对复杂,手术时间相对更长、术后早期心排出血量更低,术后可维持血流动力学稳定,但正性肌力药物评分(inotropicscore,IS)较高;术后气管插管时间、ICU滞留、总体住院时间延长,总体费用更多,差异有统计学意义;术后不良事件发生率更高。结论先天性心脏病合并其他畸形患儿同期联合手术总体上安全可行,对于高风险组患儿,分期手术更加安全。如果不可避免同期联合手术,需通过个体化评估病情,制订详细的治疗方案以规避手术风险。

关键词： 盆景植物   开花结果   黄槐   观花   茎干   圆柱状   适宜的环境   双荚决明  

摘要： 黄槐叶片不大,金黄色的花朵明媚灿烂,茎干黝黑苍劲,是近年来新开发的以观花为主的盆景植物。其实,盆景中的“黄槐”并不是植物学意义上的黄槐,而是与黄槐同为豆科决明属植物的双荚决明。二者都有黄槐决明或黄槐的别名,形态也有些近似,很容易弄混。其明显区别是:黄槐为灌木或小乔木,植株相对高大,小叶7~9对,花朵没有3枚较大的雄蕊,荚果扁平带状,在适宜的环境中全年都可开花结果;而双荚决明为灌木,小叶3~4对,花朵有3枚较大的雄蕊,荚果呈圆柱状,仅在秋季开花结果(图1黄槐的花、图2黄槐的叶、图3黄槐的荚果、图4双荚决明的花、图5双荚决明的叶、图6双荚决明的果)。

关键词： 核心素养   教学资源   教材资源   植物激素  

摘要： 在“其他植物激素”一节的教学中,从发展学生学科核心素养出发,综合运用真实情境创设、让科研资料和数据分析贯穿课堂、将兴趣小组的课外实验结果与课堂教学有机整合、合理利用教材资源进行设问和评价、关注生成性问题等多种教学资源进行教学,收到较好效果。

关键词： 文字修改   纸质文稿   审稿   优先处理   文章   投稿   注意事项   博士生  

摘要： 1、本刊可对来稿进行文字修改、删减,凡有涉及原意的修改,则提请作者考虑。2、本刊对院士、国家自科、博士生文章等高质量稿件优先处理,投稿时请在文章中注明。3、本刊目前实行网上投、审稿,不接收纸质文稿。

关键词： 高校   巡视巡察   监督体系  

摘要： 推进高校巡视巡察与其他监督贯通融合,是健全党和国家监督体系、提高监督质效、实现基层减负的必然要求。促进高校巡视巡察与其他监督贯通融合,应从整体性治理视角出发,从提高思想认识、健全制度规定、完善工作机制、共享巡视巡察成果等四个方面入手,不断增强贯通融合的自觉性、约束性、实效性和深入性,从而形成系统集成、协同高效的监督工作格局。

关键词： Acute normovolemic hemodilution   contrast-enhanced ultrasound   hydroxyethyl starch   renal microcirculation   sublingual microcirculation  

摘要： Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is associated with low oxygen carrying capacity of blood and purposed to cause renal injury in perioperative setting. It is best accomplished in a perioperative setting by a colloid such as hydroxyl ethyl starch (HES) due its capacity to fill the vascular compartment and maintain colloidal pressure. However, alterations of intra renal microvascular perfusion, flow and its effects on renal function and damage during ANH has not been sufficiently clarified. Based on the extensive use of HES in the perioperative setting we tested the hypothesis that the use of HES during ANH is able to perfuse the kidney microcirculation adequately without causing renal dysfunction and injury in pigs. Hemodilution (n = 8) was performed by stepwise replacing blood with HES to hematocrit (Hct) levels of 20% (T1), 15% (T2), and 10% (T3). Seven control animals were investigated. Systemic and renal hemodynamics were monitored. Renal microcirculatory perfusion was visualized and quantified using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and laser speckle imaging (LSI). In addition, sublingual microcirculation was measured by handheld vital microscopy (HVM). Intrarenal mean transit time of ultrasound contrast agent (IRMTT-CEUS) was reduced in the renal cortex at Hct 10% in comparison to control at T3 (1.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.7 seconds, respectively, P < 0.05). Although renal function was preserved, the serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels was higher at Hct 10% (0.033 +/- 0.004 pg/mu g protein) in comparison to control at T3 (0.021 +/- 0.002 pg/mu g protein. A mild correlation between CO and IRMTT (renal RBC velocity) (r -0.53;P = 0.001) and CO and NGAL levels (r 0.66;P = 0.001) was also found. Our results show that HES induced ANH is associated with a preserved intra renal blood volume, perfusion, and function in the clinical range of Hct (<15%). However, at severely low Hct (10%) ANH was associated with renal injury as indicated by

关键词： Squid biology   Alternative reproductive tactics   Environmental influence   Life-history traits   Male dimorphism  

摘要： Squid are characterized by flexible life-history traits (LHTs) that change in response to changing oceanic parameters. Male alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), characterized by large-sized 'consorts' versus small-sized 'sneakers', are commonly observed in loliginid species. This study reports on LHTs flexibility in male squids displaying ARTs. LHTs of consorts and sneakers in Uroteuthis edulis, including body size, age, growth rate and gonado-somatic energy allocation, were compared among seasonal and geographical groups from Japan and Taiwan. The ratio of consorts to sneakers was highest in the group spawning in the 'Japan-warm' season (June-November), followed by that of the 'Japan-cold' season (December-May), and lowest in Taiwan (spring and autumn). LHTs were compared among cohorts separated by hatching season and catch location (Jwarm, Jcold and Taiwan cohorts). Mean body size of consorts showed no difference among cohorts, although Taiwan consorts were relatively younger than Japan consorts. Mean size and age of sneakers decreased with increased water temperature at hatching. Growth rates of consorts and sneakers were slightly different among cohorts, in accordance with differences of statolith increment widths during their early life stage (50-150 days). Growth rates of both consorts and sneakers were highest in the Taiwan cohort, followed by the Jwarm cohort, with the Jcold cohort lowest. Sneakers invested more both in mantle and gonadal weights than consorts in all cohorts. Gonado-somatic energy allocation patterns of consorts and sneakers were consistent at different temperatures. LHTs of U. edulis consorts and sneakers were strongly influenced by temperature, with higher flexibility in sneakers than consorts.

关键词： Acute lung injury   CD44   extracellular vesicles   hyaluronic acid   pseudomonas aeruginosa  

摘要： Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now been recognized as important mediators of cellular communication during injury and repair. We previously found that plasma EVs isolated from ex vivo perfused human lungs injured with Escherichia coli bacterial pneumonia were inflammatory, and exogenous administration of high molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) as therapy bound to these EVs, decreasing inflammation and injury. In the current study, we studied the role of EVs released during severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia in mice and determined whether intravenous administration of exogenous HMW HA would have therapeutic effects against the bacterial pneumonia. EVs were collected from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice infected with PA103 by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by NanoSight and flow cytometry. In a cytotoxicity assay, administration of EVs released from infected mice (I-EVs) decreased the viability of A549 cells compared to EV isolated from sham control mice (C-EVs). Either exogenous HMW HA or an anti-CD44 antibody, when co-incubated with I-EVs, significantly improved the viability of the A549 cells. In mice with PA103 pneumonia, administration of HMW HA improved pulmonary edema and bacterial count in the lungs and decreased TNF-alpha and caspase-3 levels in the supernatant of lung homogenates. In conclusion, EVs isolated from BALF of mice with P. aeruginosa pneumonia were cytotoxic and inflammatory, and intravenous HMW HA administration was protective against P. aeruginosa pneumonia.

关键词： Anaphylatoxin C3a   LXR   M1 macrophages   M2 macrophages   PPAR gamma   TLR4  

摘要： Anaphylatoxin C3a is a small signaling polypeptide that is generated during complement activation. C3a is involved in the regulation of various innate and adaptive immune system processes;however, the role of C3a in macrophage differentiation and polarization is poorly elucidated. Here we showed that C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization of human macrophages and suppressed CD206, IL1Ra and CCL22 expression. C3a leads to a decrease of nuclear receptor PPAR gamma expression via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, resulting in repressed PPAR gamma-dependent activation of CD36, FABP4 and LXR alpha genes and blunted response to an LXR ligand TO901317. Using small interfering RNA and agonist/antagonist approaches we showed that C3a decreases CD206, IL1Ra and CCL22 transcription at least partly in a PPAR gamma-dependent manner in M2 macrophages. Moreover, C3a impairs efferocytosis by M2 macrophages and inhibits their migratory activity. By contrast, macrophages treated with C3a during differentiation show blunted response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation owing to downregulation of TLR4 and lipid raft content. At the same time, differentiation of macrophages with C3a does not change M1 polarization in interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and IFN gamma + lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. These data provide a novel role of complement system and C3a in the regulation of M2 macrophage polarizations and suggest crosstalk between C3a, TLR4, PPAR gamma and LXR signaling pathways.

关键词： D-galactosamine with lipopolysaccharide   inducible nitric oxide synthase   nuclear factor-kappa B   omeprazole   partial hepatectomy with lipopolysaccharide   primary cultured hepatocytes   septic acute liver injury  

摘要： Background: Omeprazole (OMZ) is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to reduce gastric acid secretion, but little is known about its possible liver protective effects. This study investigated whether OMZ has beneficial effects in rat septic models of LPS-induced liver injury after D-galactosamine (GalN) treatment and 70% hepatectomy (PH), and to determine the mechanisms of OMZ in an in vitro model of liver injury. Methods: In the in vivo models, the effects of OMZ were examined 1 h before treatments in both models on survival, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation, histopathological analysis, and proinflammatory mediator expression in the liver and serum. In the in vitro model, primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with IL-1 beta in the presence or absence of OMZ. The influence of OMZ on nitric oxide (NO) product and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induction and on the associated signaling pathway was analyzed. Results: OMZ increased survival and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha, iNOS, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1, IL-6, and IL-1 beta mRNA expression, and increased IL-10 mRNA expression in the livers of both GaIN/LPS- and PH/LPS-treated rats. Necrosis and apoptosis were inhibited by OMZ in GaIN/LPS rats, but OMZ had no effects on necrosis in PH/LPS rats. OMZ inhibited iNOS induction partially through suppression of NF-kappa B signaling in hepatocytes. Conclusions: OMZ inhibited the induction of several inflammatory mediators, resulting in the prevention of LPS-induced liver injury after GalN liver failure and PH, although OMZ showed different doses and mechanisms in the two models.