关键词： Substrates  

摘要： The development of alternative plasmonic materials that can replace gold and silver is of long-standing interest in materials research. In this study, we have prepared and characterized thin films of TiN, an emerging plasmonic material, and examined its effectiveness for fluorescence coupling in metal-dielectric structures having TiN as the plasmonically active component. We have used a combination of experiment and reflectivity calculations to determine the nature and dispersion of the optical modes sustained by the metal-dielectric structures, which furthermore are adjustable by varying the thickness of the dielectric layer. Our results reveal that fluorophores placed on the TiN substrates can couple with the surface-plasmon mode and/or the waveguide modes supported by these structures, to provide polarized and directional emission over narrow angular ranges. The performance of TiN substrates for surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) and waveguide-coupled emission (WGCE) is found to be comparable with conventional Au substrates. Importantly, the TiN thin films are reusable, which is certainly advantageous for their use in SPCE or WGCE-based fluorescence sensing applications.

摘要： Pure powders of Na(LiZn)S-2 can be obtained through a solid-state reaction, and A(LiZn)S-2 (A = K, Rb, Cs) result from metathesis reactions between alkali-metal chlorides and the same constituents used to prepare the Na(LiZn)S-2 powder. Hence, the metathesis reaction enables extended sulphide chemistry without the use of either H2S gas or very reactive starting materials. By the metathesis reaction it was possible to obtain relatively pure Cs(LiZn)S-2. Trigonal Na(LiZn)S-2 and tetragonal A(LiZn)S-2 (A = K, Rb, Cs) exhibit significant structural similarities, having (LiZn)S-2 layers that are separated by alkali-metals (Na-Cs). Against expectations, Cs(LiZn)S-2 is orange red in colour, Rb(LiZn)S-2 is strongly yellow, K(LiZn)S-2 is pale yellow, and Na(LiZn)S-2 is colourless. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data on Cs(LiZn)S-2 and Na(LiZn)S-2 contain several shoulders apart from apparent band-edges close to 3.3 eV. In the former, it seems as if the optical excitations range all the way into green (similar to 600 nm), which concurs with the observed red colour. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigations on cores Cs-133, Na-23, and Li-7 suggest that these ions are firmly held in the atomic lattice, as judged by the resonance frequency widths and relatively long nuclear spin relaxation times (T-1), ranging from 10 to 200 seconds for Na-23 and Li-7. So there should be only electronic excitations in these compounds. Band-structure calculations of Li-Zn ordered versions of the lattices suggest a direct band-gap in both compounds, corresponding to an excitation from sulphur to zinc. The theoretical band-gaps amount to 2.54 eV for CsLiZnS2 and 1.85 eV for NaLiZnS2, and the steep edges in the density of states are found at 3.3 eV for both cases. As no Li-Zn ordering is observed by X-ray diffraction, there must be an inherent atomic disorder. By theoretical simulations, local Li-Zn anti-site orderings were introduced and the resulting electronic structure was evaluated. However,

摘要： Proline (Pro) catabolism and reactive oxygen species production have been linked in mammals and Caenorhabditis elegans, while increases in leaf respiration rate follow Pro exposure in plants. Here, we investigated how alternative oxidases (AOXs) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain accommodate the large, atypical flux resulting from Pro catabolism and limit oxidative stress during Pro breakdown in mature Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Following Pro treatment, AOX1a and AOX1d accumulate at transcript and protein levels, with AOX1d approaching the level of the typically dominant AOX1a isoform. We therefore sought to determine the function of both AOX isoforms under Pro respiring conditions. Oxygen consumption rate measurements in aox1a and aox1d leaves suggested these AOXs can functionally compensate for each other to establish enhanced AOX catalytic capacity in response to Pro. Generation of ***1d lines showed complete loss of AOX proteins and activity upon Pro treatment, yet full respiratory induction in response to Pro remained possible via the cytochrome pathway. However, ***1d leaves displayed symptoms of elevated oxidative stress and suffered increased oxidative damage during Pro metabolism compared to the wild-type (WT) or the single mutants. During recovery from salt stress, when relatively high rates of Pro catabolism occur naturally, photosynthetic rates in ***1d recovered slower than in the WT or the single aox lines, showing that both AOX1a and AOX1d are beneficial for cellular metabolism during Pro drawdown following osmotic stress. This work provides physiological evidence of a beneficial role for AOX1a but also the less studied AOX1d isoform in allowing safe catabolism of alternative respiratory substrates like Pro. The alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria contributes to proline catabolism by preventing oxidative stress in plant tissues and this aids recovery of photosynthetic rates following salinity stress.

关键词： 海昏简牍   孔子衣镜   假借字   讹误字   异体字   《说文解字》  

摘要： 海昏侯墓出土了简牍、孔子衣镜等语言文字材料,它们数量巨大,内容丰富,学术价值极大。《海昏简牍初论》一书刊发了部分材料和研究成果。在文字学方面,这批材料有助于研究者了解、掌握汉代的用语习惯和用字习惯,联系、推阐许多已有研究成果,发现、探究新的学术问题。文章对这批文字材料中的部分假借字、讹误字、异体字进行探讨,认为:1.许多假借字可与《说文解字》相互印证,这彰显了《说文解字》的重要性与可靠性;2.一些讹误字能同学者总结的“某与某讹误例”的校勘成果构成互证关系;3.部分异体字虽然不见于《说文解字》,但对于研究汉字形体结构改造过程有参考价值。文章还探讨了其他的相关问题,诸如“■”“■”“■”的同源等。

关键词： 氯沙坦   高尿酸血症   高血压   血管紧张素受体拮抗剂   Meta分析  

摘要： 目的系统评价氯沙坦对比其他血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)对高血压患者血尿酸水平的影响,为临床有降尿酸需求的高血压患者用药决策提供循证证据。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普等数据库,纳入符合标准的随机对照研究(RCT)及队列研究。评价纳入研究质量并根据设计的Excel表格提取数据,以加权均数差(WMD)为效应量,使用RevMan5.4版、Stata 15版软件进行Meta分析,GRADEpro GDT网站进行证据质量评价。结果共纳入24篇文献,其中13项RCT,11项队列研究。结果显示,氯沙坦对比其他ARB能有效降低血尿酸水平,优于替米沙坦(WMD=-81.54,95%CI:-108.71~-54.38),缬沙坦(WMD=-92.19,95%CI:-125.49~-58.89),坎地沙坦酯(WMD=-27.34,95%CI:-35.92~-18.76)及厄贝沙坦(WMD=-91.82,95%CI:-148.00~-35.64);与奥美沙坦和依普沙坦(WMD=-12.62,95%CI:-32.54~7.30)相比差异无统计学意义。结论当前证据显示,在ARB类降压药中,氯沙坦具有显著降低血尿酸水平的优势,且这一优势与目标人群是否合并高尿酸血症、氯沙坦剂量和用药时长无明显相关。

关键词： 国家医保药品目录   抗栓药品   比较研究  

摘要： 目的比较《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险目录》(国家医保目录)和国外其他药品目录收录抗栓药物的异同,为我国国家医保目录抗栓药物部分进一步调整提供参考。方法分析2021版国家医保目录、澳大利亚《药品福利计划》(2022年3月版)、《英国国家处方集》(第79版)和《世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单》(第22版)收录抗栓药物的情况,并比较各目录收录抗栓药品的异同。结果4个目录共收录抗栓药品43种,其中国家医保目录收录37种,《英国国家处方集》、《澳大利亚药品福利计划》和《世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单》分别收录23种、16种和7种。国家医保目录独有的药物有16种,占比达到43.2%。国家医保目录未收录,但其他目录中收录的抗栓药物有6种。结论我国2021版国家医保目录收录抗栓药物种类明显多于其他3个目录,建议对目录内药品进行调整和精简。

关键词： gold   alternative voltage   dissolution   diffusion   reaction  

摘要： While gold is a stable metal in water, it is not uncommon for microfluidic experimenters using biologically-relevant fluids such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to witness their precious gold electrodes quickly vanish from the microchannel once the voltage exceeds a few volts. This stability issue concerns multiple fields where high voltage provides superior actuator or sensor performance, such as resistive pulse sensing (RPS), electroosmosis, electrowetting and so on. One solution to protect metallic electrodes is using alternative voltages (AV) as opposed to continuous voltages. After recalling that gold dissolution is enabled by the chloride ions present in most biologically-relevant solutions, we explore the stability conditions of the electrodes for voltages from 1 to 20 V- pp (Peak to Peak voltage amplitude), actuation frequencies between 0 and 5 kHz, and for various pH and electrolytes (NaCl, Na2SO4, HCl). We find that the dissolution threshold voltage depends on the ratio of reaction to diffusion rate given by the Damkholer number Da. In mass-transfer limited regime, the dissolution threshold is independent of the frequency, whereas the dissolution voltage is observed to grow as Da(-1/2) in the reaction limited regime. These findings provide guidelines to design more reliable electrowetting, electroosmosis, dielectrophoresis and resistive pulse sensing devices.

关键词： 猪皮炎肾病   猪皮肤疾病   鉴别诊断   综合防控  

摘要： 本文从阐释猪皮炎肾病的流行特征、临床症状与病理变化入手,针对该疾病与猪疥螨病、猪痘、猪丹毒、猪渗出性皮炎以及蚊虫叮咬等常见皮肤疾病的鉴别诊断方法进行详细分析,并围绕针对性药物治疗、免疫接种管理与科学饲养管理三个层面建立疾病综合防控机制,以期为生猪养殖与疾病防控工作提供参考。

关键词： Nigella sativa   Microencapsulation   Spray drying   Thymoquinone   Inulin  

摘要： Black cumin seed oil has high nutritional value. However, due to its peppery taste, strong odor, and rapid oxidative deterioration, its application in food formulations has been limited. Encapsulation techniques with hydrocolloids combined with other nutritive wall materials may overcome these problems and provide more health benefits for consumers. For these reasons, cold-pressed black cumin seed oil was microencapsulated by spray drying in four different microcapsule models, including gum arabic alone (GA) and in combination at a 50:50 ratio with maltodextrin (GM), inulin (GI), or whey protein (GW). The microencapsulation efficiency of GA presented the highest yield of up to 88%. Replacing 50% of the gum arabic with whey protein (GW) reduced the microencapsulation efficiency from 88 to 75% while GI and GM were 86.12 and 83.51, respectively. The wettability and solubility of the microencapsulated powders prepared (GI, GM, and GW) were superior to those of the microcapsules prepared by gum arabic alone. Under SEM, the GA and GM powders collapsed at the surface, while the GI and GW powders were spherical and smooth. The highest thymoquinone content was found in the GI powder. There were no differences (P.0.05) in the thymoquinone content observed among all powders.