关键词： 俗字   张涌泉   正字   书法风格   金石学   异体字   考古学   发展史  

摘要： 作为一种流传下来的史料,砖瓦铭文具有其考古学的价值,符合中国人的"好古"之风,而这种价值更是在传统中国金石学研究中体现为对文字的关注。《中国砖铭全集》的出版对于研究字体发展、书法风格演变皆提供了较为直观的一手资料。一、可补文字发展史。中国文字历史悠久,因时代、地域、载体等原因,发展而来产生了很多俗字写法。张涌泉先生曾指出:"凡是区别于正字的异体字,都可以认为是俗字。(中略)正俗的界限是随着时代的变化而不断变化的。"

关键词： 高血压   颈动脉硬化   腔隙性脑梗死   发生率  

摘要： 目的:探讨老年高血压伴颈动脉硬化与腔隙性脑梗死(lacunar infarction,LI)及其他病变发生率的关系。方法:选取2017年1月至2020年1月在我科住院的老年高血压伴颈动脉硬化患者40例作为研究组,另选择同时期血压正常且无颈动脉粥样硬化的老年病人30例作为对照组。所有研究对象行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查、颅脑CT检查,采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对患者的认知功能进行评估。结果:研究组其他病变(包括2型糖尿病、脑白质变和认知障碍)发生率高于对照组,LI发生率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组MoCA量表分项视空间技能、延迟回忆得分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,研究组高血压伴颈动脉硬化检出率与脑白质变发生率呈正相关关系(r=0.187,P<0.05),与LI、认知障碍发生不存在相关性(P>0.05)。结论:高血压伴颈动脉硬化患者LI、脑白质病变及认知功能障碍发生率增高,在治疗老年高血压伴颈动脉硬化患者的过程中,应结合科学合理的膳食计划。

关键词： 绿色学校   高职院校   异同点分析   多维度分析   高职人才培养方案   内部情感   创建  

摘要： 以“绿色学校”创建通用性指标为指导,结合高职人才培养方案以及学生特点,从宏观到微观、课内到课外、外部感官到内部情感多维度分析高职院校与其他层次学校创建“绿色学校”的异同点。

关键词： 湿地土壤   硫氧化-还原过程   影响因素   耦合作用  

摘要： 湿地土壤硫(S)的氧化-还原过程是硫循环的重要环节,其对于维持湿地系统的稳定与健康具有重要意义。本文综述了湿地土壤S的氧化-还原过程及影响因素,并分析了其与其他元素耦合机制的研究进展。湿地土壤S氧化-还原过程的影响因素主要涉及生物因子(植物、微生物、底栖动物及人类活动等)和非生物因子(温度、水分和粒度等物理因素及pH、盐度、有机质等化学因素),而其与其他元素的耦合作用主要涉及碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)等生源元素以及铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)等金属元素。鉴于当前湿地土壤S氧化-还原过程影响机制揭示不深入、耦合作用研究不均衡及生态效应探讨不充分等问题,未来应重点加强S氧化-还原过程的关键功能微生物研究,强化其与痕量元素迁移转化的耦合机理研究,重视其与其他元素耦合作用的生态效应研究。

关键词： HIsarna technology   Coal and biomass chars   Rapid devolatilization   Reactivity   Drop tube furnace (DTF)   Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)  

摘要： To evaluate the potential of using renewable biomass in the novel HIsarna technology, reactivity of thermal coal (TC), charcoal (CC), Bana grass char (BGC) before and after rapid devolatilization at 1500 degrees C in a drop tube furnace (DTF) was investigated. Thermogravimetric (TG) was used for CO2 gasification study, and high temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HT-CSLM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterise the morphology of all three raw carbonaceous materials and their chars produced by rapid devolatilization. CC has fastest gasification reaction before and after rapid heat treatment, and BGC raw is more reactive than TC raw but BGC 1500 degrees C and TC 1500 degrees C have very similar gasification behaviour. The reactivity index of the rapidly devolatilized char is reduced to 84.21% (BGC), 92.11% (TC) and 94.23% (CC) compared to their raw materials. This shows that BGC is more severely affected by the rapid devolatilization, and this behaviour is likely to be governed by the high ash content which will melt and cause pore blockage during heat treatment. According to HT-CSLM results the average particle sizes decreased by 28%, 24% and 20 % for TC, CC and BGC respectively. While the SEM images shown that TC has gone through significant structural changes during the rapid devolatilization, but CC and BGC maintained their parent structural shapes. The BET results indicate that TC is non-porous, but both CC and BGC contain a large number of constricted micropores with significantly larger surface area.

关键词： Temporomandibular joint   TMJ   ankylosis   mandibulectomy  

摘要： Objectives Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is the partial or complete inability to open the mouth due to intra- or extra-articular fibrous, bony or fibro-osseous tissue proliferation. Surgical procedures such as gap arthroplasty, condylectomy or wide extra-articular osteotomy have been recommended to treat this condition;these techniques are challenging, time-consuming and have been occasionally associated with postoperative recurrence, severe periarticular neurovascular iatrogenic trauma and death. Segmental mandibulectomy had previously been recommended as an alternative option for unilateral TMJA, but the location of mandibulectomy and extent of bone removal from the mandible region have not been mentioned in the literature. This study aimed to validate the area of the mandibular body (rostral, middle or caudal) and amount of bony tissue that should be osteotomized during a segmental mandibulectomy for treatment of unilateral TMJA in cats. Methods In this block study, 30 cadaver heads of domestic shorthair cats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 specimens each based on the mandibular region that would undergo segmental mandibulectomy (rostral, middle and caudal). The size of the removed mandibular segment and pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion were compared for statistical purposes. Results A significant statistical difference was observed between the pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion between the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies (P <0.001). The mean postoperative recovered range of mandibular motion for the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies was 50.4%, 81.9% and 90.4%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The caudal segmental mandibulectomy showed the highest postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion. The removal of a minimum of 1.2 cm of the caudal mandibular body was required to achieve nearly full recovery of presurgical mouth opening in the

关键词： Bacillus subtilis   cell wall maintenance   glucolipid   lipoteichoic acid   sigma factor  

摘要： In a Bacillus subtilis ugtP mutant lacking glucolipids, SigI was activated in the log phase, and the activation of SigI in the mutant was suppressed by the expression of native ugtP. By contrast, SigI was inhibited in a yfnI mutant lacking one of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthase genes, and the inhibition was suppressed by the expression of yfnI. A series of mutation analyses of the sigI promoter revealed that the two WalR binding sites were involved in the increase of P-sigI-lacZ activity in the ugtP mutant and decrease of the lacZ activity in the yfnI mutant. Transcription from the SigI recognition sequence was enhanced in the ugtP mutant, whereas yfnI disruption inhibited the transcription from the SigA recognition sequence in the sigI promoter. We found that not only SigI but also WalKR, the essential two-component system, was activated in the ugtP mutant and inhibited in the yfnI mutant. The walK mutants with activated WalR exhibited abnormal morphology, but this phenotype was suppressed by the addition of MgSO4. We conclude that glucolipids and LTA are key compounds in the maintenance of normal cell surface structure in B. subtilis.

关键词： concentration   dairy products   freezing   separation   thermolabile compounds  

摘要： Freeze concentration technology is applied to concentrate liquid foods at low temperatures, thus separating pure ice crystals from the final concentrate solution. This method is an interesting alternative to concentrate food with high water levels and significant nutritional value such as dairy products, since several bioactive compounds are reduced when exposed to elevated temperatures. Considered that, this technique may be a great alternative to concentrating and maintaining both nutritional and sensory characteristics of liquid foods. The present review aims to introduce freeze concentration procedures as an eligible choice for conserving dairy products', also addressing its effects on the dairy matrix. Practical Application This study reports the main techniques of freeze concentration applications in dairy products, to be used both on an industrial and laboratory scale, aiming to improve the nutritional quality of the products obtained.

关键词： Microbiology   Biotechnology  

摘要： Rhodococcus erythropolis CCM2595 is a bacterial strain, which has been studied for its capability to degrade phenol and other toxic aromatic compounds. Its cell wall contains mycolic acids, which are also an attribute of other bacteria of the Mycolata group, such as Corynebacterium and Mycobacterium species. We suppose that many genes upregulated by phenol stress in R. erythropolis are controlled by the alternative sigma factors of RNA polymerase, which are active in response to the cell envelope or oxidative stress. We developed in vitro and in vivo assays to examine the connection between the stress sigma factors and genes activated by various extreme conditions, e.g., heat, cell surface, and oxidative stress. These assays are based on the procedures of such tests carried out in the related species, Corynebacterium glutamicum. We showed that the R. erythropolis CCM2595 genes frmB1 and frmB2, which encode S-formylglutathione hydrolases (named corynomycolyl transferases in C. glutamicum), are controlled by SigD, just like the homologous genes cmt1 and cmt2 in C. glutamicum. The new protocol of the in vivo and in vitro assays will enable us to classify R. erythropolis promoters according to their connection to sigma factors and to assign the genes to the corresponding sigma regulons. The complex stress responses, such as that induced by phenol, could, thus, be analyzed with respect to the gene regulation by sigma factors.

关键词： care robots   care work   disability   feeding technology   script literature   values  

摘要： The use of robots to assist feeding has become important for people with an impaired arm function. Yet, despite large-scale dissemination strategies, it has proven difficult to sustain the use of this technology. This ethnographic study draws on the script approach to discuss the use of robots to assist feeding. The empirical work was done at locations in Denmark and Sweden. Drawing on document studies, interviews, observation of meals and video footage, we discuss (1) policy strategies promoting ideas such as self-reliance;(2) design visions promoting ideas such as empowerment;(3) and three scripts of care: (a) the script of choice, (b) the script of eating alone and (c) the script of eating together. We argue that scripts entwine and give rise to and prevent the use of robots. The study contributes to the script literature and the care robot literature by substantiating that care robots may generate choice-dependency situations for users. Rather than the somewhat overflowing 'self-reliance' and 'empowerment', alternative configurations of choice and dependency emerge, in which some situations fit users better than others. We conclude that although sustaining the use of feeding robots is difficult, in some cases, useful choices arise for both end-users and care providers.