关键词： complementary and alternative medicine   skin care   facial plastic  

摘要： Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular among facial plastic surgery patients. Over the last few decades, there has been a surge in the use of CAM. Despite the increasing prevalence of CAM, patients may feel uncomfortable discussing these therapies with their physicians, and physicians feel under-equipped to engage in meaningful discussions regarding these nontraditional therapies. This article reviews recent literature on the use of CAM for skin treatment in an attempt to provide additional resource. To date, the evidence to support statistically significant symptom improvement with use of non-traditional therapies remains limited. While preliminary data supports essential oil therapy in some cases, the results of the studies investigating other CAM therapies (traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and homeopathy) have been mixed and inconclusive.

关键词： immunogene-related alternative splicing   tumor microenvironment   prognosis signatures   immuno   chemotherapy   breast cancer  

摘要： Simple Summary Aberrant immunogene-related alternative splicing (IGAS) pattern plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis, progression, and tumor microenvironment. However, the IGAS pattern of post-transcriptional mechanisms in breast cancer remains limited. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of IGAS patterns in breast cancer to assess the association between aberrant IGAS events, prognosis signatures, AS regulatory network, immune cell infiltration level and its marker gene expression, sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and heterogeneity of IGAS clusters. Generally, we demonstrated the prognostic signatures for IGAS events and immune cells, which were valuable information for breast cancer patients in predicting survival and directing immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Alternative splicing (AS) plays a crucial role in tumor development and tumor microenvironment (TME) formation. However, our current knowledge about AS, especially immunogene-related alternative splicing (IGAS) patterns in cancers, remains limited. Herein, we identified and characterized post-transcriptional mechanisms of breast cancer based on IGAS, TME, prognosis, and immuno/chemotherapy. We screened the differentially spliced IGAS events and constructed the IGAS prognostic model (p-values < 0.001, AUC = 0.939), which could be used as an independent prognostic factor. Besides, the AS regulatory network suggested a complex cooperative or competitive relationship between splicing factors and IGAS events, which explained the diversity of splice isoforms. In addition, more than half of the immune cells displayed varying degrees of infiltration in the IGAS risk groups, and the prognostic characteristics of IGAS demonstrated a remarkable and consistent trend correlation with the infiltration levels of immune cell types. The IGAS risk groups showed substantial differences in the sensitivity of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, IGAS clusters defined by unsupervised cluster analysis had dist

关键词： Microbiology   Biotechnology  

摘要： Rhodococcus erythropolis CCM2595 is a bacterial strain, which has been studied for its capability to degrade phenol and other toxic aromatic compounds. Its cell wall contains mycolic acids, which are also an attribute of other bacteria of the Mycolata group, such as Corynebacterium and Mycobacterium species. We suppose that many genes upregulated by phenol stress in R. erythropolis are controlled by the alternative sigma factors of RNA polymerase, which are active in response to the cell envelope or oxidative stress. We developed in vitro and in vivo assays to examine the connection between the stress sigma factors and genes activated by various extreme conditions, e.g., heat, cell surface, and oxidative stress. These assays are based on the procedures of such tests carried out in the related species, Corynebacterium glutamicum. We showed that the R. erythropolis CCM2595 genes frmB1 and frmB2, which encode S-formylglutathione hydrolases (named corynomycolyl transferases in C. glutamicum), are controlled by SigD, just like the homologous genes cmt1 and cmt2 in C. glutamicum. The new protocol of the in vivo and in vitro assays will enable us to classify R. erythropolis promoters according to their connection to sigma factors and to assign the genes to the corresponding sigma regulons. The complex stress responses, such as that induced by phenol, could, thus, be analyzed with respect to the gene regulation by sigma factors.

关键词： Fascin   tumor virus   HTLV-1   human T-cell leukemia virus type 1   alternative NF-kappa B   viral oncoprotein   Tax-1   Tax-2  

摘要： Simple Summary:& nbsp;The actin-bundling protein Fascin is upregulated in many types of cancers, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a tumor induced by the oncogenic retrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Transcriptional regulation of Fascin is heterogeneous between different cell types and tissues, and Fascin is usually expressed at low levels in T-cells. We have previously shown that a single viral oncoprotein, Tax-1 of HTLV-1, is a potent inducer of Fascin in T-cells depending on classical NF-kappa B signaling. In this study, we discovered that transcriptional activation of Fascin by viral oncoproteins depends on activity of both the classical and the alternative NF-kappa B signaling cascade. Comparisons between Tax-1 and Tax-2 from the closely related but non-oncogenic HTLV-2 revealed that alternative NF-kappa B signaling discriminates transcriptional induction of Fascin by the Tax proteins encoded by HTLVs. Together, Tax-1 and Tax-2 proteins are useful tools to study oncogenic signaling in T-cells.& nbsp;Transcriptional regulation of the actin-bundling protein and tumor marker Fascin is highly diverse depending on cell and tumor type. Previously, we discovered that the viral oncoprotein Tax-1 of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) considerably enhances Fascin expression in T-cells, depending on classical NF-kappa B signaling. In this study, we asked if the non-oncogenic Tax-2 of the related HTLV-2 is still able to induce Fascin by using luciferase assays, immunoblot, and qPCR. We found that Tax-2 only slightly induces Fascin expression compared to Tax-1;however, both Tax-1 and Tax-2 comparably activated a 1.6 kb fragment in the human Fascin promoter including Tax-responsive elements. Furthermore, we identified a link between Tax-induced activity of the alternative NF-kappa B pathway and Fascin induction. While treatment with the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC)-mimetic AZD5582, a compound known to robustly

关键词： Alzheimer's disease   Integrated analysis   mRNA   miRNA   Differentially expressed genes  

摘要： Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a serious neurodegenerative disease that has no cure yet, but whose symptoms can be alleviated with available medications. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of the disease and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of pathogenesis are critically important. This study aimed to identify dysregulated miRNAs and their target mRNAs through the integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in AD patients versus unaffected controls. Expression profiles in postmortem brain samples from AD patients and healthy individuals were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches to identify gene ontologies, pathways, and networks. Finally, the module analysis of the PPI network and hub gene selection was carried out. A total of five differentially expressed miRNAs were extracted from the miRNA dataset, and 4312 differentially expressed mRNAs were obtained from the mRNA dataset. By comparing the DEGs and the putative targets of the altered miRNAs, 116 (3 upregulated and 113 downregulated) coordinated genes were determined. Also, six hub genes (SNAP25, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, DLG2, ATP2B2, and SCN2A) were identified by constructing a PPI network. The results of the present study provide insight into mechanisms such as synaptic machinery and neuronal communication underlying AD pathogenesis, specifically concerning miRNAs.

关键词： communicable diseases   bathing   immersion   pathogenic organism   perinatal period   ophthalmia neonatorum   hepatitis b   microbial colonization   hiv   hepatitis b surface antigens  

摘要： The purpose of this report is to educate providers about the risk of infectious diseases associated with emerging alternative peripartum and neonatal practices. This report will provide information pediatricians may use to counsel families before birth and to appropriately evaluate and treat neonates who have been exposed to these practices.

关键词： Temporomandibular joint   TMJ   ankylosis   mandibulectomy  

摘要： Objectives Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is the partial or complete inability to open the mouth due to intra- or extra-articular fibrous, bony or fibro-osseous tissue proliferation. Surgical procedures such as gap arthroplasty, condylectomy or wide extra-articular osteotomy have been recommended to treat this condition;these techniques are challenging, time-consuming and have been occasionally associated with postoperative recurrence, severe periarticular neurovascular iatrogenic trauma and death. Segmental mandibulectomy had previously been recommended as an alternative option for unilateral TMJA, but the location of mandibulectomy and extent of bone removal from the mandible region have not been mentioned in the literature. This study aimed to validate the area of the mandibular body (rostral, middle or caudal) and amount of bony tissue that should be osteotomized during a segmental mandibulectomy for treatment of unilateral TMJA in cats. Methods In this block study, 30 cadaver heads of domestic shorthair cats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 specimens each based on the mandibular region that would undergo segmental mandibulectomy (rostral, middle and caudal). The size of the removed mandibular segment and pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion were compared for statistical purposes. Results A significant statistical difference was observed between the pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion between the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies (P <0.001). The mean postoperative recovered range of mandibular motion for the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies was 50.4%, 81.9% and 90.4%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The caudal segmental mandibulectomy showed the highest postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion. The removal of a minimum of 1.2 cm of the caudal mandibular body was required to achieve nearly full recovery of presurgical mouth opening in the

摘要： Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are characterized by hyperinflammation and multiorgan dysfunction. Although the incidence and mortality of these illnesses are low in the pe-diatric population, they occur with enough frequency to necessitate well-defined treat-ment strategies with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Biologic medications include small molecules or monoclonal antibodies that target specific receptors, enzymes or other proteins that play key roles in human disease. Biologic medications that inhibit proin-flammatory cytokines and signaling pathways represent an emerging and valuable tool for the treatment of both severe COVID-19 and MIS-C in pediatric patients. This article discusses current theories regarding the pathogenesis of both diseases, and it will sum-marize the latest evidence supporting each biologic medication used for their treatment.

关键词： ADP-heptose   TIFA   LT alpha(1)beta(2)   NIK   p100   RelB  

摘要： A hallmark of infection by the pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which colonizes the human gastric epithelium, is the simultaneous activation of the classical and alternative nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B) pathways, underlying inflammation and cell survival. Here, we report that the classical NF-kappa B target gene product A20 contributes to the negative regulation of alternative NF-kappa B signaling in gastric epithelial cells infected by H. pylori. Mechanistically, the de novo synthesized A20 protein interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) and thereby interferes with the association of TIFA with the NIK regulatory complex. We also show that alternative NF-kappa B activity contributes to the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes, such as baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 (BIRC2), BIRC3 and B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1) in gastric epithelial cells. Furthermore, the observed over-expression of RelB in human gastric biopsies with type B gastritis and RelB-dependent suppression of apoptotic cell death emphasize an important role of the alternative NF-kappa B pathway in H. pylori infection.

关键词： Bacillus subtilis   cell wall maintenance   glucolipid   lipoteichoic acid   sigma factor  

摘要： In a Bacillus subtilis ugtP mutant lacking glucolipids, SigI was activated in the log phase, and the activation of SigI in the mutant was suppressed by the expression of native ugtP. By contrast, SigI was inhibited in a yfnI mutant lacking one of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthase genes, and the inhibition was suppressed by the expression of yfnI. A series of mutation analyses of the sigI promoter revealed that the two WalR binding sites were involved in the increase of P-sigI-lacZ activity in the ugtP mutant and decrease of the lacZ activity in the yfnI mutant. Transcription from the SigI recognition sequence was enhanced in the ugtP mutant, whereas yfnI disruption inhibited the transcription from the SigA recognition sequence in the sigI promoter. We found that not only SigI but also WalKR, the essential two-component system, was activated in the ugtP mutant and inhibited in the yfnI mutant. The walK mutants with activated WalR exhibited abnormal morphology, but this phenotype was suppressed by the addition of MgSO4. We conclude that glucolipids and LTA are key compounds in the maintenance of normal cell surface structure in B. subtilis.