关键词： urinary bladder neoplasms   smoking   cotinine  

摘要： Purpose: Our goal was to determine the association between biochemically verified post-diagnosis smoking exposure and nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence risk. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 354 NMIBC patients with a smoking history undergoing care between 2015 and 2018. Patients contributed at least 2 biospecimens during followup which were tested for cotinine to determine biochemically verified post-diagnosis smoking exposure (yes/no). Our primary endpoint was time to first recurrence after study start date. We examined whether post-diagnosis smoking exposure was associated with recurrence risk in multivariable Cox proportional hazards models that accounted for demographics, clinicopathological variables, time since diagnosis and pack-years. Results: Patients were predominantly White, male and had a median age of 68 years. Most patients had Ta disease (62%) and tumors of high grade (68%). Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gusserin was given to 63% of the cohort. Patients were followed for a median of 3.6 years since study start. Post-diagnosis smoking exposure was detected in 22% of patients, and 38.7% (137) of patients experienced a recurrence during followup. In multivariable models, only bacillus Calmette-Gusserin treatment and prior recurrence rate were significantly associated with recurrence. There was no association between post-diagnosis smoking exposure and recurrence risk (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.45-1.20). Conclusions: In a cohort of patients with predominantly high risk NMIBC, postdiagnosis smoking exposure was not associated with NMIBC recurrence. However, smoking cessation support remains a critical component of cancer care given that the benefits of quitting extend far beyond NMIBC recurrence.

关键词： prostatic neoplasms   lymphatic metastasis   lymph node excision   inguinal canal   lymph nodes  

摘要： Purpose: Cloquet's node, located at the junction between the deep inguinal nodes and the external iliac chain, is easily accessible and commonly excised during pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer. However, we hypothesize that Cloquet's node is not part of lymphatic metastatic spread of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between September 2016 and June 2019, 105 consecutive patients with high-risk prostate cancer (cT3a or Grade Group 4/5, or prostate specific antigen >20 ng/ml) underwent a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. First, Cloquet's node was identified, retrieved and submitted separately to pathology as right and left Cloquet's node. Next, a pelvic lymph node dissection was completed including the external iliac, obturator fossa and hypogastric nodal packets. Each lymph node was cut into 3 mm slices which were separately embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined microscopically. Results: The final analysis included 95 patients. In this high-risk population, the median number of nodes removed was 22 (IQR 18-29);39/95 patients (41%) had lymph node metastasis. The median number of Cloquet's nodes removed was 2 (IQR 2-3). Cloquet's node was negative in all but 1 patient (1.1%), who had very high-risk features and high metastatic burden in the lymph nodes. Conclusions: In high-risk prostate cancer, metastasis to the ilioinguinal node of Cloquet is rare. Given this low prevalence, Cloquet's node can be safely excluded from the pelvic lymph node dissection template.

关键词： cystitis   interstitial   prostatitis   pelvic pain   lower urinary tract symptoms  

摘要： Purpose: We assessed the reliability and validity of an efficient severity assessment for pelvic pain and urinary symptoms in urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome, which consists of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Materials and Methods: A total of 578 patients were assessed using brief, empirically derived self-report scales for pelvic pain severity (PPS) and urinary symptom severity (USS) 4 times during a 1-month period and baseline clinic visit that included urological, pain and illness-impact measures. Mild, moderate and severe categories on each dimension were examined for measurement stability and construct validity. Results: PPS and USS severity categories had adequate reliability and both discriminant validity (differential relationships with specific clinical and selfreport measures) and convergent validity (common association with nonurological somatic symptoms). For example, increasing PPS was associated with pelvic tenderness and widespread pelvic pain, whereas USS was associated with urgency during a bladder filling test and increased sensory sensitivity. PPS and USS categories were independently associated with nonurological pain and emotional distress. A descriptive analysis identified higher likelihood characteristics associated with having moderate to severe PPS or USS or both. Lack of sex interactions indicated that the measures are comparable in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Conclusions: Women and men with urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome can be reliably subgrouped using brief self-report measures of mild, moderate or severe pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. Comparisons with a broad range of clinical variables demonstrate the validity and potential clinical utility of these classifications, including use in clinical trials, health services and biological research.

关键词： 凝聚胺技术   其他输血技术   临床输血   实施效果   比较  

摘要： 目的:比较研究凝聚胺技术与其他输血技术在临床输血中实施效果.方法:将我市某医院在2020年12月—2021年12月收治的100例健康人员的血液样本为研究内容,并采用回顾性分析的办法,对其临床资料展开研究,全部的血液样本都使用凝聚胺技术及常规盐水检验的方式,完成输血检测,对两组检测结果展开对比.结果:研究样本当中,非特异性凝聚消失人数和时间为,10s内有55例,其占比为55％;20s内有35例,占比的为35％,而在3分钟之间全体人员的非特异性凝集均可消失;凝聚细胞检出率比较上,常规盐水检验技术的检出率要低于凝聚胺技术的检出率(P<0.05).结论:临床输血当中使用凝聚胺技术,其相较于其他输血技术而言,效果更加,灵敏度更高.

关键词： 小学   足球教学   教育实践   学科融合  

摘要： 足球运动是小学体育教育实践的重要依托和必要延伸.德育、语文、音乐、美术等课程的加持,能有效改变小学足球教育的整体性思路,全面型塑学生对于足球积极价值情怀,也是小学足球教学的深入总结与高层次升华.为此,小学足球教学既要立足本体,也要强化基础知识习得,加强多元化专业能力指导,不断提升发展水平和效果.

摘要： 雪 事 三千根银丝她一根都没有打理,就这么让它们淌,一直淌在水面上. 这些日子她把身子一直溺在水里,说是为了濯发,可湖水被她越洗越白,月光却被她越洗越黑. 她说她患上了一种病,一种不知名的传染病,像她描述的那样,文字里裹着病因子,她不敢说出任何一个事物的名字:"芦花"——声音还没有触及到水面,一张张面孔便已经忧郁成疾.

摘要： LED照明渔具在保持目标物种捕获率的同时,将鲨鱼和鳐鱼等副渔获量减少了令人难以置信的95％.研究人员发现,使用照明渔具大大减少了鲨鱼、鳐鱼、海龟和其他非目标生物的意外捕获,这对商业渔业和海洋野生动物来说是一个双赢的结果.

摘要： 又是秋来时 早上,路过巷口,一阵凉风吹来,卷起地上的片片落叶,顿时感觉冷飕飕的. "哇,真是天凉好个秋."我禁不住感叹. 几天前,我回老家收花生,就已经感觉到秋意浓浓:田埂上荒草漫过膝盖,一路上的草籽灌进鞋窝里,粘到袜子上;蜻蜓在眼前飞来晃去,大蚂蚱落在肩上;田间地头的寒豇豆饱鼓鼓地东倒西歪着??这一切把秋意渲染得铺天盖地.

关键词： A2O configuration   UCT   BSM2   Monte Carlo simulations   Metamodeling   Biological P removal  

摘要： This study presents an extensive plant-wide model-based assessment of four alternative activated sludge (AS) configurations for biological nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal under uncertain influent loads and characteristics. Zeekoegat wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in South Africa was chosen as case study due to its flexible design that enables operation in four different AS configurations: 3-stage Bardenpho (A2O), University of Cape Town (UCT), UCT modified (UCTM), and Johannesburg (JHB). A metamodeling based global sensitivity analysis was performed on a steady-state plant-wide simulation model using Activated Sludge Model No. 2d with the latest extension of physico-chemical processes describing the plant-wide P transformations. The simulation results showed that the predictions of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), N and P using the proposed approach fall within the interquartile range of measured data. The study also revealed that process configuration can affect: 1) how influent uncertainty is reflected in model predictions for effluent quality and cost related performances, and 2) the parameter rankings based on variance decomposition, particularly for effluent phosphate, sludge disposal and methane production. The results identified UCT and UCTM as more robust configurations for P removal (less propagated uncertainty and less sensitivity to N load) in the expense of incomplete denitrification. Moreover, based on the results of Monte-Carlo based scenario analysis, the balanced SRT for N and P removal is more sensitive to influent load variation/uncertainty for the A2O and JHB configurations. This gives a more operational flexibility to UCT and UCTM, where a narrow SRT range can ensure both N and P removal.

关键词： biomedical applications   drug delivery systems   fibers   porous materials   textiles  

摘要： The progression of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) as well as impaired immunity due to chronic diseases and complications, aging, and so forth pose opportunities in parallel with challenges to the wound dressing products. In a bid to address the remedies, electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) with high permeability and good biocompatibility have made an entry as wound dressings. With high specific surface area, such ENMs can pave the way for the loading and release of antimicrobial agents and further promote wound healing by mimicking the extracellular matrix structure. In this review, we have compiled a series of novel antimicrobial agents that can be substituted for antibiotics against ARB and outlined their antimicrobial mechanisms, providing an overview of the latest research to illustrate how ENMs can achieve the loading and efficient release of antimicrobial agents against ARB. Last but not least, on the basis of the demands for timely and accurate wound diagnosis, ENMs capable of colorimetric detection are featured as test-strips for the diagnosis of wound pathogenic bacteria, in the hope of inspiring researchers to design smart wound dressings capable of diagnosis and treatment integration.