摘要： LED照明渔具在保持目标物种捕获率的同时,将鲨鱼和鳐鱼等副渔获量减少了令人难以置信的95％.研究人员发现,使用照明渔具大大减少了鲨鱼、鳐鱼、海龟和其他非目标生物的意外捕获,这对商业渔业和海洋野生动物来说是一个双赢的结果.

摘要： 又是秋来时 早上,路过巷口,一阵凉风吹来,卷起地上的片片落叶,顿时感觉冷飕飕的. "哇,真是天凉好个秋."我禁不住感叹. 几天前,我回老家收花生,就已经感觉到秋意浓浓:田埂上荒草漫过膝盖,一路上的草籽灌进鞋窝里,粘到袜子上;蜻蜓在眼前飞来晃去,大蚂蚱落在肩上;田间地头的寒豇豆饱鼓鼓地东倒西歪着??这一切把秋意渲染得铺天盖地.

关键词： A2O configuration   UCT   BSM2   Monte Carlo simulations   Metamodeling   Biological P removal  

摘要： This study presents an extensive plant-wide model-based assessment of four alternative activated sludge (AS) configurations for biological nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal under uncertain influent loads and characteristics. Zeekoegat wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in South Africa was chosen as case study due to its flexible design that enables operation in four different AS configurations: 3-stage Bardenpho (A2O), University of Cape Town (UCT), UCT modified (UCTM), and Johannesburg (JHB). A metamodeling based global sensitivity analysis was performed on a steady-state plant-wide simulation model using Activated Sludge Model No. 2d with the latest extension of physico-chemical processes describing the plant-wide P transformations. The simulation results showed that the predictions of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), N and P using the proposed approach fall within the interquartile range of measured data. The study also revealed that process configuration can affect: 1) how influent uncertainty is reflected in model predictions for effluent quality and cost related performances, and 2) the parameter rankings based on variance decomposition, particularly for effluent phosphate, sludge disposal and methane production. The results identified UCT and UCTM as more robust configurations for P removal (less propagated uncertainty and less sensitivity to N load) in the expense of incomplete denitrification. Moreover, based on the results of Monte-Carlo based scenario analysis, the balanced SRT for N and P removal is more sensitive to influent load variation/uncertainty for the A2O and JHB configurations. This gives a more operational flexibility to UCT and UCTM, where a narrow SRT range can ensure both N and P removal.

关键词： biomedical applications   drug delivery systems   fibers   porous materials   textiles  

摘要： The progression of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) as well as impaired immunity due to chronic diseases and complications, aging, and so forth pose opportunities in parallel with challenges to the wound dressing products. In a bid to address the remedies, electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) with high permeability and good biocompatibility have made an entry as wound dressings. With high specific surface area, such ENMs can pave the way for the loading and release of antimicrobial agents and further promote wound healing by mimicking the extracellular matrix structure. In this review, we have compiled a series of novel antimicrobial agents that can be substituted for antibiotics against ARB and outlined their antimicrobial mechanisms, providing an overview of the latest research to illustrate how ENMs can achieve the loading and efficient release of antimicrobial agents against ARB. Last but not least, on the basis of the demands for timely and accurate wound diagnosis, ENMs capable of colorimetric detection are featured as test-strips for the diagnosis of wound pathogenic bacteria, in the hope of inspiring researchers to design smart wound dressings capable of diagnosis and treatment integration.

关键词： Fuel cell (FC)   Internal combustion engine (ICE)   Energy carrier   Global warming potential (GWP)   Hydrogen ship   Environmental assessment   Decarbonization  

摘要： Shipping is a very important source of pollution worldwide. In recent years, numerous actions and measures have been developed trying to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the marine exhaust emissions in the fight against climate change, boosting the Sustainable Development Goal 13. Following this target, the action of hydrogen as energy vector makes it a suitable alternative to be used as fuel, constituting a very promising energy carrier for energy transition and decarbonization in maritime transport. The objective of this study is to develop an ex-ante environmental evaluation of two promising technologies for vessels propulsion, a H-2 Polymeric Electrolytic Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), and a H-2 Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), in order to determine their viability and eligibility compared to the traditional one, a diesel ICE. The applied methodology follows the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) guidelines, considering a functional unit of 1 kWh of energy produced. LCA results reveal that both alternatives have great potential to promote the energy transition, particularly the H-2 ICE. However, as technologies readiness level is quite low, it was concluded that the assessment has been conducted at a very early stage, so their sustainability and environmental performance may change as they become more widely developed and deployed, which can be only achieved with political and stakeholder's involvement and collaboration.

摘要： 何梦洁:才让老师,你好!前几天看完你的新小说集《荒原上》和你之前的一些创作,很喜欢.因而冒昧联系你,希望和你进行一次对谈,探讨一些写作上的问题.问题可能比较多,请多包涵. 索南才让:没事,有什么问题你尽管问.

摘要： 技术有什么不能为我们做的？技术可以在某些领域提供帮助，而在其他领域则无能为力。在本文中，我将在人工智能的伦理版图中探讨这些关于隐私的问题。正如我们所看到的那样，人工智能正在对隐私提出新的挑战，但我在这里要辩护的是，隐私可能不是人工智能近期发展所带来的最重要的伦理问题。一些伦理问题可能具有或看起来具有技术解决方案，如用差分隐私（differential privacy）、k-匿名（k-anonymity）等来应对隐私问题。然而，当涉及另一些伦理问题时，技术解决方案就不那么明显了。因此，重要的是追问产生这些问题的人工智能系统的假设、发展和应用问题。与此密切相关的是，与这些系统相伴随而产生的风险分布问题。我认为这些应由社会而不仅仅由技术行业的人决定。

关键词： 生产安全事故   减少损失   财产损失   人员伤亡  

摘要： 当今社会环境复杂,生产安全事故时有发生,这些惨痛的教训无不引起大家对安全生产的重视,实际上,一旦发生了生产安全事故造成人员伤亡和财产损失,人们通常第一时间也会提出疑问:是否有保险可以对这些事故提供赔偿减少损失?答案是有的,安全生产责任保险就是一个不错的选择。

关键词： 《家庭教育促进法》   《民法典》   其他家庭成员   家庭教育义务   法定照护  

摘要： 《家庭教育促进法》第14条规定了其他家庭成员的家庭教育义务,但因为亲权制度不完善而无法完全实施,应通过规定其他家庭成员的照护加以完善。其他家庭成员照护指成年的其他家庭成员临时行使监护人对未成年子女的监护、教育、保护等权利和义务。现实生活需要其他家庭成员参与到家庭教育等活动中,但相关法律规定不完善,司法实践又否定了其他家庭成员的临时监护。其他家庭成员家庭教育义务的性质是其他家庭成员照护在教育方面的要求,是家庭成员亲权的展开。也即,其他家庭成员履行家庭教育义务需要照护权的享有才能顺利实施。《民法典》有关家庭成员的亲权规定较为原则,应该通过司法解释明确其他家庭成员的法定照护。

关键词： 十六世纪   异体字   汉字   表意   中文  

摘要： “韭”是个很特殊的汉字。在中文里,几乎所有描述蔬菜的汉字,都有一个表意的“++”头。诸如茄、芦、芹、蒿、葱、蒜、莴、茭……“韭”是少数的例外。其实,韭还有一个异体字:“韮”。但最晚到十六世纪,中文书面上就已经不再使用。